177,216 research outputs found
Community Forestland Management, Outside Interventions and Local Responses: The case of the Thai ethnic group in the Hanh Dich commune, Que Phong district, Nghe An province, Vietnam
No full textIn an increasing interaction between indigenous or isolated ethnic communities and outside actors, a lack of confirmation of local forestland rights is seen as one of the most critical issues. Does the outsiders’ occupancy of land for rent seeking and authoritative patronage for forest management meet the dispossessed people’s aspirations? How and to what extent should local communities be involved in forestland management and play a determining role in their own future? To answer these questions, this research is based on in-depth interviews focusing on the folk traditions, cultural beliefs, customary laws, local knowledge, and comments and recommendations of the local Thai ethnic people and some outsiders residing in the Hanh Dich commune, Que Phong district, Nghe An province, Vietnam. In addition, a number of previous case studies and reports from the archive of SPERI (Social Policy Ecology Research Institute) and its alliance members have been synthesised and analysed.
The essential findings and arguments in this thesis comprise the local Thai people’s cultural traits, chronicles of outside interventions, local responses, and cognitive and methodological approaches to the study of indigenous cultures and their forestlands. It was found that local people have been upholding their holistic and unique perspectives, beliefs, customary laws, traditional organizational and institutional practices and that these inherent values and strengths can contribute effectively to forest protection and improvement of local people’s livelihood. However, it was also observed that the increasing imposition of the mainstream top-down approaches have not recognized or encouraged, that is to say, have undermined local strengths and values. In addition, on the basis of an ethnocentric view, superficial perceptions of the ethnic minority peoples and their values have pervaded in the Vietnamese media. These phenomena raise questions as to cultural rights, human rights, and the quality of the policy making process and law enforcement which are inevitably affected by these ethnocentric views and approaches.
To counteract the hurtful effects of mainstream interventions, local people have responded in a subtle and implicit way. As a result of outside interventions, they have had to find ways to adjust their productive and cultural settings. However, there remain wishes to recover traditional cultural values, especially in the minds of the elders. In an alternative bottom-up approach facilitated by SPERI, the people are stimulated to promote their own institutional and organizational strengths towards their brighter future. In a democratized and decentralized process, community’s land rights and customary rights should be officially recognized and confirmed. But official recognition should not be seen as the final goal, only as a supportive factor while the local community’s strengths and self-enforcement of their rights are determinant. To this end, indigenous peoples need further opportunities for networking, capacity building, and taking part in thorough socio-cultural ethnographic research in order to ensure that they are more truly and fairly represented
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Kombinatorische und probabilistische Aspekte von Gitterwegmodellen
No full textSchwerdtfeger U. Combinatorial and probabilistic aspects of lattice path models. Bielefeld (Germany): Bielefeld University; 2010.Nach einer Einordnung der Ergebnisse in ihre jeweiligen Gebiete im ersten Kapitel beschäftigt sich das zweite Kapitel mit zufälligen Pflasterungen eines Sechsecks mit 60-Grad-Rauten und festen Randbedingungen. Dabei wird die Gleichverteilung auf der Menge der Pflasterungen eines Sechsecks mit Seitenlängen r,s,t angenommen und das Grenzverhalten studiert, wenn r,s und t proportional gegen unendlich streben. Gewisse Statistiken verhalten sich dann wie die Eigenwerte großer Zufallsmatrizen aus dem Gaußschen Unitären Ensemble. Dies ist in der Literatur eingehend besprochen worden. Im Kapitel 2 wird gezeigt, dass diese Verteilungen auch im Unterensemble symmetrischer Pflasterungen auftreten oder, äquivalent dazu, im Ensemble der Pflasterungen des "halbierten" Sechsecks. Dabei fällt auch ein Beweis des "Arctic Circle"-Phänomens für dieses Ensemble ab: Entlang der dem Sechseck eingeschriebenen Ellipse findet ein scharfer Übergang von einem hochgeordneten zu einem ungeordneten Regime statt. Dieses Phänomen ist im genannten Unterensemble bisher nur in einer Arbeit von Forrester und Nordenstam vermutet worden.
Das dritte Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit ebenen Partitionen in einer r mal s mal t-Box. Dies sind r mal s-Matrizen mit nichtnegativen ganzen Einträgen kleiner oder gleich t, die entlang der Zeilen und Spalten monoton abfallen. Das Volumen einer ebenen Partition ist die Summe der Einträge. Es wird für r,s,t fest die Gleichverteilung angenommen und gezeigt, dass die zentrierten und normalisierten Volumenzufallsvariablen schwach gegen die Standardnormalverteilung konvergieren, falls von r,s,t zwei Werte gegen unendlich streben. Analoge Ergebnisse gelten auch für Symmetrieunterklassen.
Im vierten Kapitel werden Flächengesetze für Symmetrieunterklassen von Treppenpolygonen hergeleitet. Diese bestehen aus zwei gerichteten Pfaden auf dem Quadratgitter mit denselben Start- und Endpunkten, aber ohne gemeinsame Vertizes dazwischen. Es wird die asymptotische Verteilung der Fläche im Limes eines großen Umfangs untersucht, wobei die Gleichverteilung auf allen Polygonen desselben festen Umfangs mit vorgeschriebener Symmetrie angenommen wird. Die Grenzverteilungen sind, abgesehen von einigen trivialen Fällen, die Flächenverteilungen der Brownschen Exkursion und des Brownschen Mäanders.
Im fünften Kapitel werden schließlich zwei Klassen von selbstmeidenden Polygonen auf dem Quadratgitter abgezählt, d.h. ihre erzeugenden Funktionen werden ausgerechnet und analysiert. Es handelt sich dabei um "vorausschauende Polygone" (prudent polygons), d.h. beim Durchlaufen der Randkurve von einem ausgezeichneten Startvertex zum Endvertex wird nie ein Schritt in Richtung eines bereits besuchten Vertex gegangen. Für die erzeugende Funktion der allgemeinen Klasse solcher Polygone kann man bis dato nur ein System von Funktionalgleichungen angeben. Erfolgreicher dagegen sind die Untersuchungen zu zwei natürlichen Unterklassen. Diese können vollständig gelöst, d.h. ihre erzeugenden Funktionen explizit angegeben werden. Die erzeugende Funktion der kleineren Klasse ist algebraisch und unter anderem Namen schon aus der Literatur bekannt. Für die erzeugende Funktion der größeren Klasse wird eine Darstellung als unendliche Reihe von algebraischen Funktionen angegeben. Für diese wird gezeigt, dass sie keine lineare Differentialgleichung mit polynomialen Koeffizienten erfüllt.The first chapter is an introduction which puts the subsequent chapters into the respective scientific contexts. After that, the second chapter deals with random tilings of a hexagon with 60-degree unit rhombi with fixed boundary conditions. Every tiling of a hexagon with integer side lengths r,s,t is considered equally probable and the limiting behaviour is studied as r,s and t tend to infinity proportionally. Certain statistics behave like the eigenvalues of a large random matrix of the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble. This is discussed exhaustively in the literature. In Chapter 2 it is shown that these distributions also occur in the sub-ensemble of symmetric tilings or, equivalently, in tilings of the "half-hexagon". As a by-product an "arctic circle phenomenon" is proven: There is a highly ordered and a highly unordered regime with a sharp boundary between the two being the inscribed ellipse. This phenomenon has so far only been conjectured for this sub-ensemble in a paper by Forrester and Nordenstam.
The third chapter is on plane partitions fitting inside an r times s times t box. These are r times s matrices with non-negative integer entries less than or equal to t, such that entries are decreasing monotonically along rows and columns. The volume is the sum of the entries. For fixed r,s,t the uniform distribution is considered and it is shown that the centred and normalised volume random variables converge weakly to the the standard normal distribution as two values of r,s and t tend to infinity. Analogous assertions are shown to hold true for symmetry sub-classes.
In Chapter 4 area limit laws for symmetry classes of staircase polygons are derived. These consist of two directed paths on the square lattice sharing the same starting and terminal vertex but no vertex in between. We consider the uniform distribution on all polygons of a given fixed perimeter with a prescribed symmetry and study the asymptotic distribution of area in the limit of a large perimeter. In the interesting cases these limiting distributions are the area distributions of the Brownian excursion and the Brownian meander.
In Chapter 5 two classes of self-avoiding polygons on the square lattice are enumerated, i.e. their generating functions are computed and analysed. The classes in question are so-called prudent polygons, i.e. the boundary walk starting at a distinguished vertex and ending at a vertex adjacent to this vertex never takes a step towards an already occupied vertex. For the general class of these polygons so far only a system of functional equations is known. In Chapter 5 two sub-classes are solved, i.e. their generating functions are computed explicitly. One class has already occurred in the literature under a different name and has an algebraic generating function. The generating function of the other class is given as an infinite series of algebraic functions. Careful analysis shows that this function cannot satisfy a linear differential equation with polynomial coefficients
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Zwey schöne Lieder/|| Das Erst/ Grüß dich Gott/ du || werder Neythart gůt. Das An=||der/ Von einem alten Man/|| wie er ein Weyb nam.||
No full textZWEY SCHÖNE LIEDER/|| DAS ERST/ GRÜSS DICH GOTT/ DU || WERDER NEYTHART GŮT. DAS AN=||DER/ VON EINEM ALTEN MAN/|| WIE ER EIN WEYB NAM.||
Zwey schöne Lieder/|| Das Erst/ Grüß dich Gott/ du || werder Neythart gůt. Das An=||der/ Von einem alten Man/|| wie er ein Weyb nam.|| ([1]r)
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Lehrbuchanalyse “Grüß Dich !” Bei Helmi Rosana Und Willia Sjarief Als Lehrbuch SMA Klasse XI DAS Programm Der Sprache
No full textThis research reviews about textbook analysis. Background of this research is a textbook takes an important part of helping foreign language learner especially German language. As an attempt to understand language skill substance in Grüβ Dich textbook needs necessary to analyze the textbook compatibilty with Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Penddidkan which consists of four language skills. So the problem in this research is whether Grüβ Dich book is compatible with Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan. Thus this research’s purpose is giving description about the compatibility with the curriculum.
This research includes qualitative descriptive research using documentation method, because the writer uses content analysis. The data which were obtained from Grüβ Dich book, then being classified, and being analized. The researcher uses Krumm to see whether Grüβ Dich book is compatible as good as teaching material criteria, while Kast theory is used to analyze four language skills exercise.
These are the results of this research: 1) the Grüβ Dich book is categorized as a good textbook because it is suitable with assessment criteria of textbook that is there are CD cassette, grammatical, includes intercultural knowledge, language, sufficient exercise, in accordance of curriculum. (2) this research also reviews about four language skills, but those skill materials are not balanced enough because writing material is more than the others. (3) Overall, Grüβ Dich book is compatible with Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan and this textbook can be used as one of source to german language espcecially for grade XI language program.
Keyword : textbook analysis, four skills, curriculu
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
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