92 research outputs found
Indigenous Peoples and Litigation:Strategies for Legal Empowerment
No full textAcross the globe indigenous peoples are increasingly using litigation to seek remedies for violation of their fundamental human rights. The rise of litigation is to be placed in the larger issue of increased land grabbing, natural resources exploitation and the general lack of recognition of their rights at the national level. This lack of legal rights is usually coupled with a lack of political will to address the issues faced by indigenous peoples, often leading to serious human rights violations, leaving indigenous advocates with few options but to turn to courts as a last resort to seek remedies. This article examines some of the issues faced by indigenous peoples and their advocates when engaging in human rights litigation. The goal is to offer a practice-based reflection on the encounter between courts and indigenous peoples with a specific focus on analysing strategies to ensure their legal empowerment. This is particularly important knowing the technicality, externalities and complexities of the process of litigation, and the fact that many decisions do not get implemented. In this context this article explores how the process of litigation in itself can support legal empowerment and the wider fight for justice. © 2020, The Author(s). The attached document (embargoed until 10/10/2022) is an author produced version of a paper published in JOURNAL OF HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICE uploaded in accordance with the publisher’s self-archiving policy. The final published version (version of record) is available online at the link. Some minor differences between this version and the final published version may remain. We suggest you refer to the final published version should you wish to cite from it.<br/
Reliable Communication in Hybrid Authentication and Trust Models
No full textReliable communication is a fundamental distributed communication abstraction that allows any two nodes within a network to communicate with each other. It is necessary for more powerful communication primitives, such as broadcast and consensus. Using different authentication models, two classical protocols implement reliable communication in unknown and sufficiently connected networks. In the former, network links are authenticated, and processes rely on dissemination paths to authenticate messages. In the latter, processes generate digital signatures that are flooded throughout the network. This work considers the hybrid system model that combines authenticated links and authenticated processes. Additionally, we aim to leverage the possible presence of trusted nodes (e.g., network gateways) and trusted components (e.g., Intel SGX enclaves). We first extend the two classical reliable communication protocols to leverage trusted nodes. Then we propose DualRC, our most generic algorithm that considers the hybrid authentication model by manipulating dissemination paths and digital signatures, and leverages the possible presence of trusted nodes and trusted components. We describe and prove methods that establish whether our algorithms implement reliable communication on a given network.<br/
Practical Byzantine Reliable Broadcast on Partially Connected Networks (Extended version)
No full textIn this paper, we consider the Byzantine reliable broadcast problem on
authenticated and partially connected networks. The state-of-the-art method to
solve this problem consists in combining two algorithms from the literature.
Handling asynchrony and faulty senders is typically done thanks to Gabriel
Bracha's authenticated double-echo broadcast protocol, which assumes an
asynchronous fully connected network. Danny Dolev's algorithm can then be used
to provide reliable communications between processes in the global fault model,
where up to f processes among N can be faulty in a communication network that
is at least 2f+1-connected. Following recent works that showed that Dolev's
protocol can be made more practical thanks to several optimizations, we show
that the state-of-the-art methods to solve our problem can be optimized thanks
to layer-specific and cross-layer optimizations. Our simulations with the
Omnet++ network simulator show that these optimizations can be efficiently
combined to decrease the total amount of information transmitted or the
protocol's latency (e.g., respectively, -25% and -50% with a 16B payload, N=31
and f=4) compared to the state-of-the-art combination of Bracha's and Dolev's
protocols.Comment: This is an extended version of a paper that appeared at the IEEE
ICDCS 2021 conferenc
3-D geological and petrophysical models with synthetic geophysics based on data from the Hamersley region (Western Australia)
No full text3-D geological and petrophysical models with synthetic geophysics based on data from the Hamersley region (Western Australia)
M. Jessell 1,2, J. Giraud 1,2, M. Lindsay 1,2
1 Centre for Exploration Targeting (School of Earth Sciences), University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Crawley, Australia
2 Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre, School of Earth Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, WA Crawley 6009, Australia
Contact author: Jeremie Giraud ([email protected])
Companion dataset to the paper:
Structural, petrophysical and geological constraints in potential field inversion using the Tomofast-x open-source code, J. Giraud, V. Ogarko, R. Martin, M. Lindsay, M. Jessell, Geoscientific Model Development Discussions.
This dataset contains models and data shown in the paper, in both 2D and 3D:
1. Geological model
Reference lithology voxet:
The reference geological model was obtained using public data from the Geological Survey of Western Australia and modified subsequently (stretched vertically and flattened at surface level) for the purpose of this study.
Probability voxet
The lithology probability voxet was derived using Monte Carlo simulations for uncertainty estimation as mentioned in the paper.
2. True and inverted models for density and magnetic susceptibility
Derivation is detailed in the paper; it uses fictitious density and magnetic susceptibility values.
3. Bouguer and total magnetic field anomaly
Calculation is detailed in the paper.
The authors are supported, in part, by Loop – Enabling Stochastic 3D Geological Modelling (LP170100985) and the Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre (MinEx CRC) whose activities are funded by the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centre Program. This is MinEx CRC Document 2021/3. Mark Lindsay acknowledges funding from the ARC and DECRA DE190100431.
It is a companion dataset to:
Vitaliy Ogarko, Jeremie Giraud, & Roland. (2021, February 5). Tomofast-x v1.0 source code (Version 1.0). Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.445262
A parametric study of vestibular stimulation during centrifugation
No full textThesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections."February 2006."Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-160).Artificial Gravity (AG) provided by short-radius centrifugation is a promising countermeasure to the health problems associated with long duration human spaceflight. Head-turns performed during centrifugation, however, trigger a disturbing vestibular response that is only qualitatively understood. In order to design an efficient incremental adaptation procedure, the present study investigates the quantitative aspect of the vestibular side effects associated with AG, in particular, the relationship among crosscoupled stimulation, vestibular response, and adaptation. We tested 20 young adults with supine right-quadrant yaw head-turns performed in a dark environment during short-radius centrifugation. We studied the changes in vestibular response and adaptation to head-turns at different levels of cross-coupled stimulation. Nine combinations of head-turn angle (20°, 40° or 80°) with centrifugevelocity (12, 19 or 30 rpm) were tested over two consecutive days.(cont.) There were four key findings: 1. All measures, except the slow-phase velocity (SPV) peak amplitude of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, decrease significantly between the two experimental days, which demonstrates that significant adaptation is achieved. 2. Large head-angles lead to longer vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex time-constants than smaller angles do, but do not lead to greater adaptation. 3. In the nose-up position, the perceived body-tilt is highly correlated with the true tilt of the gravito-inertial force at mid-chest level. 4. The SPV-peak amplitude and all subjective ratings except body-tilt show significant correlation with the intensity of the cross-coupled stimulus (CCS): the larger the CCS, the stronger the vestibular response.by Jeremie M. Pouly.S.M
Intrusion Resilience Systems for Modern Vehicles
No full textCurrent vehicular Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems either incur
high false-positive rates or do not capture zero-day vulnerabilities, leading
to safety-critical risks. In addition, prevention is limited to few primitive
options like dropping network packets or extreme options, e.g., ECU Bus-off
state. To fill this gap, we introduce the concept of vehicular Intrusion
Resilience Systems (IRS) that ensures the resilience of critical applications
despite assumed faults or zero-day attacks, as long as threat assumptions are
met. IRS enables running a vehicular application in a replicated way, i.e., as
a Replicated State Machine, over several ECUs, and then requiring the
replicated processes to reach a form of Byzantine agreement before changing
their local state. Our study rides the mutation of modern vehicular
environments, which are closing the gap between simple and resource-constrained
"real-time and embedded systems", and complex and powerful "information
technology" ones. It shows that current vehicle (e.g., Zonal) architectures and
networks are becoming plausible for such modular fault and intrusion tolerance
solutions,deemed too heavy in the past. Our evaluation on a simulated
Automotive Ethernet network running two state-of-the-art agreement protocols
(Damysus and Hotstuff) shows that the achieved latency and throughout are
feasible for many Automotive applications
AcTinG: Accurate Freerider Tracking in Gossip
No full textGossip-based content dissemination protocols are a scalable and cheap alternative to centralised content sharing systems. However, it is well known that these protocols suffer from rational nodes, i.e., nodes that aim at downloading the content without contributing their fair share to the system. While the problem of rational nodes that act individually has been well addressed in the literature, colluding rational nodes is still an open issue. Indeed, LiFTinG, the only existing gossip protocol addressing this issue, yields a high ratio of false positive accusations of correct nodes. In this paper, we propose AcTinG, a protocol that prevents rational collusions in gossip-based content dissemination protocols, while guaranteeing zero false positive accusations. We assess the performance of AcTinG on a testbed comprising 400 nodes running on 100 physical machines, and compare its behaviour in the presence of colluders against two state-of-the-art protocols: BAR Gossip that is the most robust protocol handling non-colluding rational nodes, and LiFTinG, the only existing gossip protocol that handles colluding nodes. The performance evaluation shows that AcTinG is able to deliver all messages despite the presence of colluders, whereas both LiFTinG and BAR Gossip suffer heavy message loss. It also shows that AcTinG is resilient to massive churn. Finally, using simulations involving up to a million nodes, we show that AcTinG exhibits similar scalability properties as standard gossip-based dissemination protocols
RepuCoin: Your Reputation is Your Power
No full textExisting proof-of-work cryptocurrencies cannot tolerate attackers controlling more than 50% of the network’s computing power at any time, but assume that such a condition happening is “unlikely”. However, recent attack sophistication, e.g., where attackers can rent mining capacity to obtain a majority of computing power temporarily, render this assumption unrealistic.
This paper proposes RepuCoin, the first system to provide guarantees even when more than 50% of the system’s computing power is temporarily dominated by an attacker. RepuCoin physically limits the rate of voting power growth of the entire system. In particular, RepuCoin defines a miner’s power by its ‘reputation’, as a function of its work integrated over the time of the entire blockchain, rather than through instantaneous computing power, which can be obtained relatively quickly and/or temporarily. As an example, after a single year of operation, RepuCoin can tolerate attacks compromising 51% of the network’s computing resources, even if such power stays maliciously seized for almost a whole year. Moreover, RepuCoin provides better resilience to known attacks, compared to existing proof-of-work systems, while achieving a high throughput of 10000 transactions per second (TPS)
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