1,694,020 research outputs found
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
Sobre los problemas de espectro de cofinalidad y p=t
No full textLa noción de problema de espectro de cofinalidad fue introducida en 2016 por Malliaris y Shelah en [11]. Esta noción permite conectar y dar respuesta a dos antiguos problemas abiertos en dos áreas totalmente distintas: el problema en Teoría de Modelos de determinar la maximalidad de SOP2 en el orden de Keisler y el problema en Topología Conjuntista de determinar si los cardinales invariantes del continuo p y t son iguales. En el presente trabajo hacemos un análisis detallado de la noción de problema de espectro de cofinalidad y su conexión con el problema de p = t. Además, estudiamos algunas aplicaciones topológicas de p = t y damos respuesta a una pregunta abierta hecha por TodorcevÍc y Velickovíc en [20] sobre la existencia de un conjunto parcialmente ordenado de tamaño p sin precalibre p como una consecuencia directa de p = tAbstract: The notion of cofinality spectrum problem was introduced by Malliaris and Shelah in [11]. This notion allows to connect and solve two longstanding open problems in quite different areas: the model-theoretic question of determining the maximality of SOP2-theories in Keisler’s order and the set-theoretic Topology problem of determining whether the cardinal invariants of the continuum p y t are the same. In the present dissertation we do a detailed analysis of the notion of cofinality spectrum problem and its connection with the problem p = t. Also, we study some topological applications of p = t and we answer an open question asked by Todorcevíc y Velickovíc in [20] about the existence of a poset of size p without precaliber p as a direct consequence of p = t.Maestrí
Acerca de las funciones t-adjuntas
No full textSe encuentran condiciones necesarias y suficientes para que un homomorfismo de retículos distributivos acotados produzca, mediante el funtor espectro, una función t-adjunta. Se muestra que la categoría de los espacios topológicos con las funciones t-adjuntas no tiene buen comportamiento con respecto límites y co-límites. (Texto tomado de la fuente)We fínd necessary and sufficient conditions for a homomorphism of bounded distributive lattices to be transformed, through the Spec functor, into a t-adjoint function. We show that the category of topological spaces and t-adjoint functions has a bad behavior with respect to limits and co-limits.Maestrí
Estado nutricional e suas relações com populações de linfócitos T e marcadores inflamatórios em indivíduos com diagnóstico recente de neoplasias hematológicas malignas
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Florianópolis, 2013.Neoplasias hematológicas compreendem um grupo heterogêneo de doenças, entre elas, destacam-se as leucemias, os linfomas e o mieloma múltiplo. Reconhecidamente, o componente inflamatório é um fator inerente às neoplasias. Deste processo participam células imunitárias e mediadores inflamatórios que podem repercutir sobre o estado nutricional dos indivíduos acometidos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as proporções de linfócitos T CD4+, T CD4+IL-17+ e T CD8+, concentrações de citocinas plasmáticas (interleucina(IL)-6, IL-10, IL-17 e fator de necrose tumoral (TNF)), e suas relações com o estado nutricional de indivíduos com neoplasias hematológicas malignas. Este é um estudo descritivo, envolvendo dezesseis indivíduos de ambos os sexos com diagnóstico de neoplasias hematológicas malignas foram incluídos no estudo. Para avaliar as proporções das populações linfocitárias, amostras de sangue foram incubadas por 4h em meio de cultura na presença ou não de estimuladores. Posteriormente, as células foram fixadas, permeabilizadas e marcadas com anticorpos (anti-CD4, anti-IL-17A e anti-CD8) ligados a fluoróforos específicos, e adquiridas por citometria de fluxo. As concentrações de citocinas foram determinadas por citometria de fluxo. O estado nutricional foi avaliado pelos parâmetros: índice de massa corporal (IMC), cincunferência muscular do braço (CMB) e percentual de perda de peso. A proporção de linfócitos T CD4+, T CD4+IL-17+ e T CD8+ encontradas foram, respectivamente, 30,2% (16,8; 39,6), 2,5% (2,1; 10,8) e 19,5% (8,2; 25,5) e a razão CD4+:CD8+ foi 1,5 (1,0; 3,5). Em análise por diagnóstico observou-se que os indivíduos com linfoma apresentaram maior proporção de linfócitos T CD8+ (p=0,024) e uma menor razão CD4+:CD8+ (p=0,006) em relação às leucemias. A proporção de células T CD4+IL-17+ foram correlacionadas negativamente com a razão CD4:CD8 e positivamente com a CMB. A concentração de IL-6 encontrada foi aproximadamente 4 vezes superior aos valores descritos na literatura para indivíduos normais. Os indivíduos participantes não apresentaram comprometimento nutricional, com base nos parâmetros antropométricos. A partir dos resultados foi possível constatar que os indivíduos com neoplasias hematológicas em fase inicial não apresentam comprometimento nutricional, considerando a avaliação antropométrica, embora apresentem um quadro inflamatório pronunciado pela elevação de marcadores inflamatórios. Os indivíduos com linfomas mantiveram melhor a proporção de linfócitos T CD8 em relação às leucemias, e a possível relação positiva entre as células Th17, T CD8 e CMB, soma evidências de que essas células podem desempenhar um papel importante na imunidade antineoplásica e prognóstico.Abstract : Hematological neoplasms comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases, among them are the leukemias, lymphomas and multiple myeloma. Admittedly, the inflammatory component is a factor inherent to neoplasms. In this process, there is the participation of immune cells and the inflammatory mediators produced by them, which can, among other functions, modify the nutritional status of the affected individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proportions of CD4+, CD4+IL-17+ and CD8+ T cells, plasma cytokine concentrations (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)), and their relationship to the nutritional status of patients with hematological neoplasms. This is a descriptive study involving sixteen individuals of both sexes diagnosed with hematological neoplasms were included in the study. To assess the proportions of lymphocyte populations, blood samples were incubated for 4h in culture medium in the presence or not of stimulators. Subsequently, the cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with antibodies specific fluorophores linked to (anti-CD4, anti-IL-17A and anti-CD8) and acquired by flow cytometry. Concentrations of cytokines were determined by flow cytometry. Nutritional status was assessed by parameters: body mass index (BMI), arm muscle circumference (AMC) and percentage of weight loss. The proportion of CD4+ T cells, CD4+IL-17+ and CD8+ T cells were, respectively, 30.2% (16.8, 39.6), 2.5% (2.1, 10.8), and 19.5% (8.2, 25.5) and the CD4+:CD8+ was 1.5 (1.0, 3.5). In diagnostic analysis showed that individuals with lymphoma had a higher proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes (p = 0.024) and reduced the CD4+:CD8+ ratio (p = 0.006) compared to leukemias. The proportion of CD4+IL-17+ was negatively correlated with the CD4:CD8 ratio and positively with the AMC. The concentration of IL-6 found was approximately 4 times higher than the values reported in the literature for normal subjects. The individuals involved had no nutritional impairment. Based on the results, it was established that individuals with hematologic neoplasms, in early stage, have no nutritional impairment, based in antropometric evaluation, although showed a pronounced elevation in inflammatory markers. Individuals with lymphomas presented a higher proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes compared to leukemias and a potential positive relationship between Th17 cells, CD8 and AMC. Such data increase evidences that these cells may play an important role in antineoplastic immunity and prognosis
Sobre los problemas de espectro de cofinalidad y p=t
No full textLa noción de problema de espectro de cofinalidad fue introducida en 2016 por Malliaris y Shelah en [11]. Esta noción permite conectar y dar respuesta a dos antiguos problemas abiertos en dos áreas totalmente distintas: el problema en Teoría de Modelos de determinar la maximalidad de SOP2 en el orden de Keisler y el problema en Topología Conjuntista de determinar si los cardinales invariantes del continuo p y t son iguales. En el presente trabajo hacemos un análisis detallado de la noción de problema de espectro de cofinalidad y su conexión con el problema de p = t. Además, estudiamos algunas aplicaciones topológicas de p = t y damos respuesta a una pregunta abierta hecha por TodorcevÍc y Velickovíc en [20] sobre la existencia de un conjunto parcialmente ordenado de tamaño p sin precalibre p como una consecuencia directa de p = t (Texto tomado de la fuente).The notion of cofinality spectrum problem was introduced by Malliaris and Shelah in [11]. This notion allows to connect and solve two longstanding open problems in quite different areas: the model-theoretic question of determining the maximality of SOP2-theories in Keisler’s order and the set-theoretic Topology problem of determining whether the cardinal invariants of the continuum p y t are the same. In the present dissertation we do a detailed analysis of the notion of cofinality spectrum problem and its connection with the problem p = t. Also, we study some topological applications of p = t and we answer an open question asked by Todorcevíc y Velickovíc in [20] about the existence of a poset of size p without precaliber p as a direct consequence of p = t.Maestrí
Diseños experimentales secuenciales para modelos logísticos de regresión
No full textCuando los supuestos habituales de normalidad y varianza constante no se cumplen (e.g. en procesos de Bernoulli o binomiales), el problema de la elección de diseños adecuados ocasiona cierta dificultad a los experimentadores, especialmente cuando lo que se persigue es una exploración secuencial del proceso. Este artículo está basado en De Zan (2006), en donde se proponen dos criterios para evaluar estrategias de diseño. Una de ellas toma en cuenta la cantidad de información contenida en el modelo ajustado, mientras que la otra explora la información contenida en las mejores condiciones de experimentación encontradas en el modelo ajustado. Se desarrolla un ejemplo simulado con el paquete R acerca de cómo funcionan estas estrategias.When the usual hypotheses of normality and constant variance do not hold (e.g. in binomial or Bernoulli processes), the problem of choosing appropriate designs creates problems to researches when pursuing a sequential exploration of process. This paper is based on De Zan (2006), where the author proposes two criteria to evaluate design strategies, that take the amount of information as the main evaluation tool. One into account the information of the fitted model, and the other explores the information that is contained on the approximation of a set of the best conditions of factors found on a fitted model. An example of how these strategies work is also given through a simulation using R software
Estrategias de crecimiento de redes sociales para T&T Mega representaciones
No full textT & T mega representaciones es una empresa que se especializa en el transporte de productos a nivel nacional e internacional, Estados Unidos, Europa y China. Cuenta con transporte de todo tipo de carga en Lima, se encarga de trasladar carga en el menor tiempo posible a nivel nacional, mediante unidades controladas, tarjeta de circulación vigentes, soat y revisión técnico vehicular, transportando embalajes desde mensajería liviana, mobiliario de oficinas, obras de arte, equipos de cómputo hasta máquinas en general. Otros servicios que presta es la distribución y reparto de todo tipo de carga en Lima y sus provincias, hace mudanzas de todo tipo de inmuebles y cuenta con personal calificado con mucha experiencia, cuenta con el servicio de acompañamiento de importación de productos desde el momento de la compra, atención a los proveedores y usuarios, e importación de producto desde las tiendas certificadas.
Todos estos servicios cuentan con el monitoreo de GPS, el cual permite al usuario ver en tiempo real donde está ubicada su compra hasta el momento de la entrega, ofrece el servicio de embolsado y empaquetado a la hora de enviar el producto.
Este plan de mejora tiene varios aspectos importantes que hacen que la empresa crezca a futuro si se proyecta, entre estos están el alcance de nuevos posibles compradores y el reconocimiento de marca a nivel nacional, teniendo como resultado el crecimiento de envíos, todo esto va directamente relacionado con la mejoría que se verá a la hora de tener una relación más cercana con los compradores, se usará como medio de comunicación con el cliente y esto hará que este esté enterado en tiempo real de los productos nuevos y novedades que se tienen.T & T mega representaciones is a company that specializes in the transportation of products nationally and internationally, the United States, Europe and China. It has transportation of all types of cargo in Lima, it is responsible for moving cargo in the shortest possible time at the national level, through controlled units, valid circulation card, soat and vehicle technical review, transporting packaging from light courier, office furniture, works of art, computer equipment to machines in general. Other services it provides are the distribution and distribution of all types of cargo in Lima and its provinces, it makes removals of all types of properties and has qualified personnel with a lot of experience, it has the accompaniment service of importing products from the moment of purchase, service to suppliers and users, and import of product from certified stores.
All these services have GPS monitoring, which allows the user to see in real time where their purchase is located until the moment of delivery, it offers the bagging and packaging service when shipping the product.
This improvement plan has several important aspects that make the company grow in the future if it is projected, among these are the scope of new potential buyers and brand recognition at the national level, resulting in the growth of shipments, all this goes directly related to the improvement that will be seen when having a closer relationship with buyers, it will be used as a means of communication with the customer and this will make them aware in real time of the new products and news that they have.Profesional en Negocios Internacionaleshttp://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.coPregrad
Análisis comparativo de los indicadores de rotación estelar en una muestra de estrellas T-Tauri y post T-Tauri
No full textEn esta tesis se describen los procesos de medición de dos indicadores rotacionales como la velocidad ecuatorial proyectada vsini usando el método de correlación cruzada, en espectros FEROS (The Fiber-fed Extended Range Optical Spectrograph) obtenidos de la base de datos de ESO/ST-ECF Science Archive Facility. Periodos fotommétricos de rotacióon analizando periodogramas, obtenidos a partir de curvas de luz del proyecto ASAS, de una muestra de estrellas T Tauri y Post-T Tauri. Los principales resultados fueron obtenidos en asociaciones como TWA Hya (TWA 10 Myr), Beta Pictoris Moving Group (BPMG 11 Myr), Upper Centaurus Lupus (UCL 14 Myr), Lower Centaurus Crux (LCC 16 Myr) y Tucana Horologium (THA 30 Myr). La comparación de los dos indicadores rotacionales permitió calcular el ángulo de inclinación de 5 estrellas respecto a la visual. Adicionalmente se realizóuna revisión de indicadores de rotación en la literatura para edades entre 2-600Myr que junto con los valores medidos enmarcan la evolución rotacional en estrellas T Tauri, Post-T Tauri y estrellas de la Secuencia Principal. Se confirmó un aumento de la rotación estelar después de 10Myr, resultado que se encuentra en concordancia con la hipótesis de la pérdida del disco de acreción aproximadamente después de los 10Myr y un marcado freno en las velocidades en estrellas de la secuencia principal consistente con la ley de Skumanich. Adicionalmente la relación existente entre masa y velocidad, descrita desde la estructura interna de las estrellas. Se aplica el test estadístico Kolmogorov Smirnov para cuantificar diferencias entre indicadores rotacionales en diferentes asociaciones y cúmulos. / Abstract. This thesis describes two processes of measurement indicators vsini using cross correlation method, though FEROS spectra (The Fiber-fed Extended Range Optical Spectrograph) obtained from the database ESO/ST-ECF Science Archive Facility. Photometric rotation periods, obtained from light curves of the ASAS project, in a sample of T Tauri and post-T Tauri stars. The main results were obtained in associations such as TWA Hya (TWA ~10 Myr), Beta Pictoris Moving Group (BPMG ~11 Myr), Upper Centaurus Lupus (UCL ~14 Myr), Lower Centaurus Crux (LCC ~16 Myr) y Tucana Horologium (THA ~30 Myr). Comparison of the two rotational indicators to calculate the allowed inclination angle of 5 stars with regard to the visual. Also perform a review of indicators of rotation in the literature for ages 2-600Myr together with the measured values frame the rotational evolution of T Tauri stars, post-T Tauri and main sequence stars. It was confirmed especially increased after 10Myr stellar rotation, a result that is consistent with the hypothesis of the loss of the accretion disk after the 10Myr. Additionally, the relationship between mass and velocity, described from the internal structure of stars. It applies the Kolmogorov Smirnov statistic test to quantify differences between rotational indicators in different associations.Maestrí
Ferramenta de autoria de objetos de aprendizagem para televisão digital
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Computação, Florianópolis, 2013.A televisão está presente em mais de 95% das residências brasileiras, servindo como um dos veículos mais importantes para educação em massa. Por isso, o Governo do Brasil desenvolveu um novo padrão para televisão digital terrestre, o SBTVD-T (ou ISDB-TB). Este padrão possibilita novas formas de interação com o telespectador, como a educação a distância. O conteúdo inserido neste formato de ensino, para televisão, atualmente, é criado com o auxílio de profissionais com conhecimento técnico em programação de computadores. Este conteúdo pode ser criado utilizando ferramentas de autoria, possibilitando que os próprios educadores ou designers criem o conteúdo que será transmitido, não exigindo, assim, a necessidade de programadores no processo de elaboração do conteúdo educacional. O material aplicado na educação a distância é padronizado, fundamentado no conceito de objetos de aprendizagem, os quais permitem que o conteúdo seja armazenado e reutilizado. Desta maneira, propõe-se uma ferramenta de autoria para criação de objetos de aprendizagem para Televisão Digital Interativa (TVDi), elaborada a partir: da revisão sistemática da literatura científica, com análise de seis trabalhos similares; da análise de padrões para objetos de aprendizagem utilizados no mundo, em especial o OBAA, criado no brasil e com suporte a TVDi. O resultado alcançado foi fundamentado em requisitos educacionais definidos, apresentando um protótipo, que cria objetos de aprendizagem no padrão OBAA para TVDi, e estimula a educação a distância no brasil por meio da TVDi. O protótipo foi testado por profissionais de EAD, que conseguiram criar um objeto de aprendizagem para TVDi nos padrões Brasileiros. Abstract : Television is present in over 95% of Brazilian homes and can serve as one of the most important vehicles for mass education. Focusing on this coverage, the Government of Brazil has developed a new standard for digital terrestrial television, the SBTVD-T (or ISDB-TB). It enables new forms of interaction with the viewer, such as distance education. The content used in distance education to digital television is currently created with the help of professionals with expertise in computer programming. This content can be created using authoring tools, enabling designers or educators to create their own content to be broadcast, thus ruling out the need for programmers in the creation of educational content. The material used in distance education is standardized using the concept of learning objects, allowing them to be stored and reused. In this context, we propose an authoring tool for creating learning objects for interactive digital television. Thus, we propose an authoring tool for creating learning objects for Interactive Digital Television (iDTV), drawn from: a systematic review of scientific literature, with analysis of six similar works; analysis of standards for learning objects used in the world, especially OBAA, created in Brazil and with support for iDTV. The result achieved was based on defined educational requirements, presenting a prototype that creates learning objects in OBAA standard for iDTV and encourage distance education in Brazil, through iDTV. The prototype has been tested by distance education professionals, that used to create a learning object for iDTV Brazilian standard
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