1,720,958 research outputs found
Narrativas locales, globales y fragmentadas sobre la construcción de carreteras: una invitación a mirar más allá de nuestro espacio disciplinar
No full textEste artículo presenta un panorama de obras seleccionadas sobre carreteras, aportando ejemplos de estudios relacionados con diferentes perspectivas geográficas y disciplinarias, prestando especial atención a los estudios sobre carreteras en el “Sur”. En este sentido, nos parece que aún prevalece la brecha entre la historia externa e interna de la tecnología. Tal brecha ha producido una narrativa fragmentada. Si queremos avanzar en la comprensión de la infraestructura, tenemos que hacer un esfuerzo extra para ampliar nuestra visión más allá del conocimiento establecido: otras disciplinas han investigado algunas dimensiones de los temas y debemos tenerlas en cuenta, al menos como parte de nuestro estado de la técnica. Mostramos que los puntos de vista parciales dejan en la sombra a actores importantes, innovaciones locales y negociaciones, que son esenciales para comprender la economía política de la infraestructura de transporte. Quizás la mejor estrategia sea trabajar con colegas de otras disciplinas.This article presents an overview of selected works on roads, bringing examples from studies concerned with different geographical and disciplinary perspectives, paying special attention to studies about roads in the “South”. In this vein, it seems to us that the gap between external and internal histories of technology still prevails. Such a gap has produced a fragmented narrative. If we want to advance in the understanding of infrastructure, we have to make an extra-effort to widen our view beyond the established knowledge: other disciplines have investigated some dimensions of the issues and we must take into account them, at least as part of our state of the art. We show that partial viewpoints leave in the shadow important actors, local innovations and negotiations, which are essential to understand the political economy of transport infrastructure. Perhaps the best strategy is working with colleagues from other disciplines.Q3Psicologia Integral y Desarrollo Human
Fragmentar as estradas sem dividir a nação na Colômbia, c. 1930: uma história material do “Estado em ação”
No full textColombian historiography identifies the fragmentation of the territory as a central variable to explain the configuration of the state and the nation. This fundamental breakdown has been attributed to exceptional topographic and environmental conditions, on the one hand, and to the density of its population, on the other. Although it is accepted that transport routes are a constitutive part of the topography of the territory, little has been explored regarding their participation in the construction of a “fragmented country”. A controversy between the central government and the Department of Antioquia about the road standards that should be applied in the twenties of the Twentieth Century, serves as the pivot of the analysis. I suggest that the fragmentation of the Colombian territory is the result of the interaction between institutions, infrastructure, and nature. The controversy, which involved engineers, politicians, unions, highways, construction companies, technical standards, and construction materials, was closed through the threat of further division of the nation, effectively invoked by local elites as a resource for political negotiation. I propose the notion of "State in action" to characterize the essential tension inherent in a national physical, institutional, and symbolic space under construction.La historiografía colombiana identifica la fragmentación del territorio como una variable central para explicar la configuración del Estado y la nación. Esta ruptura primordial se ha atribuido a condiciones topográficas y ambientales excepcionales, por un lado, y a la densidad de su población, por el otro. Aunque se acepta que las vías de transporte son parte constitutiva de la topografía del territorio, poco se ha explorado su participación en la construcción de un “país fragmentado”. Una polémica entre el gobierno central y el departamento de Antioquia sobre los estándares de carreteras que debían aplicarse en la década de 1920 sirve de pivote del análisis. Al respecto, sugiero que la fragmentación del territorio colombiano es el resultado de la interacción entre instituciones, infraestructura y naturaleza. La polémica, que involucró a ingenieros, políticos, sindicatos, carreteras, compañías constructoras, normas técnicas y materiales de construcción, se cerró a través de la amenaza de una mayor división de la nación, eficazmente invocada por las élites locales como recurso de negociación política. Propongo la noción de “Estado en acción” para caracterizar la tensión esencial inherente a un espacio físico, institucional y simbólico nacional en construcción.A historiografia colombiana identifica a fragmentação do território como uma variável central para explicar a configuração do Estado e da nação. Essa repartição fundamental foi atribuída a condições topográficas e ambientais excepcionais, por um lado, e à densidade de sua população, por outro. Embora se aceite que as rotas de transporte sejam parte constitutiva da topografia do território, pouco foi explorado em relação à sua participação na construção de um “país fragmentado”. Uma controvérsia entre o governo central e o departamento de Antioquia sobre os normas viárias aplicadas na década de 1920 serve como ponto central da análise. Sugiro que a fragmentação do território colombiano é resultado da interação entre instituições, infraestrutura e natureza. A controvérsia, que envolveu engenheiros, políticos, sindicatos, rodovias, empresas de construção, normas técnicas e materiais de construção, foi encerrada com a ameaça de uma divisão maior do país, efetivamente invocada pelas elites locais como recurso para negociação política. Proponho a noção de “Estado em ação” para caracterizar a tensão essencial inerente a um espaço físico, institucional e simbólico nacional em construção
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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