654 research outputs found
Protective effect of essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and oxidative stress in rat
No full textBackground: Wild fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is a very common plant used in traditional medicine to treat
several diseases. In recent years, scientific research proved its biological properties. However, the protective
effect of fennel against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (BLM-IPF) is not yet study.
Purpose: Fennel essential oil (FEO) composition was characterized and its protective effect was assessed.
Methods: GC–MS was employed to determine the chemical composition of fennel essential oil. The antioxidant
activity was evaluated using TAC, DPPH, RAP and ABTS assays. After inducing fibrosis by bleomycin, several
biological assays were used to evaluate the protective effect [proteins content, malondialdehyde MD, thiol group,
superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)].
Results: FEO was rich in estragole (77.55 %), fenchone (9.23 %), and limonene (9.23 %), and phenolic compounds
and showed a significant antioxidant potential. The effects on BLM-IPF were revealed by disruption and
alteration of oxidative stress biomarkers in lung, liver and kidney. Treatment of rats with FEO improved
abnormal fluctuations in protein and thiol levels, decreased oxidative stress in terms of MDA and also restored
the response of the antioxidant system, measured in terms of SOD and CAT, in lung, liver and kidney. The
biological activity was recorded in a dose response manner. The potential of FEO in limiting the progress of the
histopathologic effects of BLM-IPF was confirmed by microscopic histological observations, with a reduction of
the fibrosis score and the inflammatory index in the FEO treated lung tissue.
Conclusion: These results, proved that FEO could attenuate BLM-induced PF, thus suggesting that the latter could
serve as a potential therapeutic approach for PF
A novel interhemispheric interaction: modulation of neuronal cooperativity in the visual areas
No full textBackground: The cortical representation of the visual field is split along the vertical midline, with the left and the right hemi-fields projecting to separate hemispheres. Connections between the visual areas of the two hemispheres are abundant near the representation of the visual midline. It was suggested that they re-establish the functional continuity of the visual field by controlling the dynamics of the responses in the two hemispheres. Methods/Principal Findings: To understand if and how the interactions between the two hemispheres participate in processing visual stimuli, the synchronization of responses to identical or different moving gratings in the two hemi-fields were studied in anesthetized ferrets. The responses were recorded by multiple electrodes in the primary visual areas and the synchronization of local field potentials across the electrodes were analyzed with a recent method derived from dynamical system theory. Inactivating the visual areas of one hemisphere modulated the synchronization of the stimulus-driven activity in the other hemisphere. The modulation was stimulus-specific and was consistent with the fine morphology of callosal axons in particular with the spatio-temporal pattern of activity that axonal geometry can generate. Conclusions/Significance: These findings describe a new kind of interaction between the cerebral hemispheres and highlight the role of axonal geometry in modulating aspects of cortical dynamics responsible for stimulus detection and/or categorization
Sustainable Catalysts from Industrial FeO Waste for Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Hospital Polypropylene in Cartagena
No full text[EN] During the COVID-19 pandemic, polypropylene waste generated in hospitals increased significantly. However, conventional strategies for the final disposal of environmental waste, such as incineration, proved inefficient due to the generation of toxic chemical species. In this research, these PP wastes were mixed with 1.5, 20, 150, 200, and 400 mg of iron oxide (FeO), extruded, and pelletized to obtain samples HW-PP-0, HW-PP-1, HW-PP-2, HW-PP-3, and HW-PP-4, respectively. XRF, TGA, and GC-MS characterized these samples. The samples were subjected to pyrolysis and thermo-oxidative degradation with controlled currents of nitrogen and oxygen. The characterization of the gases resulting from pyrolysis was carried out with a GC-MS, where the results showed that HW-PP-0 (mixed with 1.5 mg of FeO) presented the highest concentrations of alkanes (35.65%) and alkenes (63.7%), and the lowest levels of alkynes (0.3%), alcohols (0.12%), ketones (0.04%), and carboxylic acids (0.2%). The opposite was observed with the hospital waste HW-PP-4 (mixed with 400 mg of FeO), which presented the highest levels of alkynes (2.93%), alcohols (28.1%), ketones (9.8%), and carboxylic acids (8%). The effect of FeO on HW-PP-O during thermo-oxidative degradation generated values of alkanes (11%) and alkenes (30%) lower than those during pyrolysis. The results showed the catalytic power of FeO and its linear relationship with concentration. This research proposes the mechanisms that can explain the formation of different functional groups of various molecular weights which allow us to understand the presence of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, ketones, and carboxylic acids.Hernandez-Fernandez, J.; Carrascal Sanchez, J.; López-Martínez, J. (2024). Sustainable Catalysts from Industrial FeO Waste for Pyrolysis and Oxidation of Hospital Polypropylene in Cartagena. Sustainability. 16(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16145934S161
Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of the Essential Oil from Calamintha nepeta Plants from the Wild in Southern Italy
No full textThe chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi, collected in the Campania Region, was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. In all, 42 compounds were identified. The oil was characterized by a prevalence of the sesquiterpenic fraction (80.8%). The main components were 1,10-di-epi-cubenol (18.5%), allo-aromadendrene epoxide (11.4%) and cadalene (5.7%). The essential oil was evaluated for its in vitro potential phytotoxic activity against germination and initial radical growth of Raphanus sativus L., Lepidium sativum L., Sinapis arvensis L., Triticum durum L. and Phalaris canariensis L. seeds. The essential oil showed no antioxidant activit
Chemical Identification of Secondary Metabolites from Rhizospheric Actinomycetes Using LC-MS Analysis: In Silico Antifungal Evaluation and Growth-Promoting Effects
No full textThe rhizosphere is a rich source of actinomycetes which can produce several potential biologically active secondary metabolites. The principal goal for this research is to extract, purify, and characterize the bioactive secondary metabolites produced by three different strains of actinomycetes isolated from the rhizosphere of rosemary, black locust, and olive. The plant growth-promoting effect (PGPE) of the studied strains of actinomycetes on Ocimum basilicum L. (basil) and the disease-control effect on necrotic stem lesions of “black leg” caused by Fusarium tabacinum on basil were evaluated in silico. The cell-free culture filtrates from the studied actinomycetes isolates were evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against some common phytopathogens. The secondary metabolites obtained from the cell-free culture filtrates have been chemically characterized using high-resolution electrospray ionization of liquid-chromatography/mass-spectrometric detection (ESI-(HR)Orbitrap-MS). Results of the in silico trial showed that all studied isolates demonstrated PGPE on basil seedlings, improved some eco-physiological characteristics, and reduced the disease incidence of F. tabacinum. The extracted metabolites from the studied actinomycetes demonstrated antimicrobial activity in a Petri-plates assay. The chemical analysis revealed the presence of 20 different components. This research emphasizes how valuable the examined isolates are for producing bioactive compounds, indicating their putative antimicrobial activity and their potential employment as fungal biocontrol agents. In particular, the obtained results revealed the possibility of green synthesis of some important secondary metabolites, such as N-Acetyl-l-histidinol, Rhizocticin A, and Eponemycin, from actinomycetes. The bioactive metabolites may be successively used to develop novel bio-formulations for both crop protection and/or PGPE
Iron oxides in tropical and subtropical brazilian oxisols under long-term no-tillage
No full textO sistema plantio direto (SPD) altera a taxa dos processos que ocorrem no solo, porém pouco se conhece sobre sua influência na mineralogia de solos tropicais e subtropicais. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito do SPD na mineralogia dos óxidos de Fe pedogênicos e sua relação com a matéria orgânica do solo (MOS). Amostras de solos foram coletadas em 14 profundidades da camada superficial (0 a 0,20 m) de dois Latossolos sob SPD e sistema de preparo convencional (SPC), em áreas experimentais de longa duração, no sul do Brasil (Santo Ângelo, RS) e na região do Cerrado (Dourados, MS). A identificação mineralógica foi realizada por difração de raios X (DRX), sendo determinados os teores de Fe extraídos por DCB (Fed) e por oxalato de amônio (Feo) e os teores de carbono orgânico total (COT). Nos dois solos predominaram os minerais caulinita e hematita, e o SPD não afetou os teores médios de Fed, Feo, COT e a razão Feo/Fed na camada de 0–0,20 m, em comparação ao solo em SPC. Entretanto, no Latossolo subtropical (LVdf-1), com boa distribuição de chuvas durante o ano e temperaturas mais amenas, houve aumento dos teores de COT e da fração humina na camada superficial do solo (0–0,03 m) sob SPD. Ademais, essas variáveis apresentaram relação positiva com os teores de Feo e razão Feo/Fed. Contrariamente, no Latossolo tropical (LVdf-2), com concentração das chuvas no verão (outubro a março), não houve efeito do SPD na distribuição do COT e das frações húmicas no solo. Neste solo, os teores de Feo e da razão Feo/Fed apresentaram relação positiva com a profundidade do solo e negativa com os teores de COT e da fração humina. Provavelmente esses resultados são conseqüência do reordenamento dos óxidos de Fe, possivelmente a partir da dissolução redutiva da hematita e da maghemita nas camadas mais superficiais e da neoformação de óxidos de Fe de baixa cristalinidade nas camadas mais profundas.The no-tillage system (NT) affects the rate of soil processes, but little is known about its effect on the mineralogy of tropical and subtropical soils. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effect of NT system on pedogenetic iron oxides and their relationship with soil organic matter (SOM) fractions. Soil samples were taken at 14 depths within the top 0,20 m soil layer from two clayey Oxisols under NT and conventional tillage (CT) systems of the experimental areas located near the counties of Santo Ângelo (RS State, Southern Brazil) and Dourados (MS State, Center-Western Brazil). The soil mineralogy was analyzed by X ray diffraction, and the contents of sodium dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (Fed), ammonium oxalate (Feo) iron oxides, total organic carbon (TOC), and humic fractions were evaluated. Kaolinite and hematite were the predominant minerals in both soils, and the NT system had not effect on the mean concentration of Fed, Feo, TOC and the Feo/Fed ratio in the 0–0.20 m soil layer, in comparison with CT soil. However, in the soil in southern Brazil, under well-distributed annual rainfall and cooler temperatures in the winter, the TOC content and humine fraction in the surface layer (0–0.03 m) of NT soil were higher. These variables were also closely related with the Feo contents and Feo/Fed ratio. On the contrary, in the Oxisol under tropical conditions, with rainfall concentrated from October to March, no effect of the tillage system was observed on TOC and humic fractions of SOM contents. In this soil, the Feo content and Feo/Fed ratio were positively related to soil depth and negatively to TOC and humine contents. These results probably are a consequence of iron oxide rearrangements, possibly through the reductive dissolution of hematite and maghmite from soil surface layer, and neo-genesis of low crystalline iron oxides in the deeper soil layers
Bacillus mojavensis: biofilm formation and biochemical investigation of its bioactive metabolites
No full textBacillus mojavensis is an endophytic bacterium which has been
reported to have fungicidal effect against some phytopathogens.
Bioactive secondary metabolites produced by B. mojavensis could
have promising applications in agricultural, food industry and clinical
fields. The current research has been conducted to: i) evaluate
the antagonistic effect of B. mojavensis isolate against some phytopathogens;
ii) characterize chemically the principal bioactive substances
produced by the studied isolate of B. mojavensis using Gas
Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS); iii) evaluate its
ability to produce a biofilm using ELISA technique. Results showed
that the studied isolate has an antagonistic activity against the
majority of tested microorganisms. Results showed also that the
studied isolated produced a biofilm in Supplemented Luria-Bertani
Casamino acid (SLB) and Minimal Mineral (MM) medium. The
substantial attached growth in SLB was significantly higher than
MM media. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 9 compounds
accounting 87.8% of the total extract, where oxygenated monoterpenes
are the main constituents
Chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil of Skimmia laureola leaves
No full textThe composition of the essential oil from leaves of Skimmia laureola was determined by GC and GC-MS. Twenty-eight components were identified, accounting for 93.9% of the total oil. The oil is mainly composed of monoterpenes (93.5%), of which monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes represent 11.0% and 82.5%, respectively. Sesquiterpenes constitute only 0.3% of the total oil. Linalyl acetate is the main component (50.5%), with linalool (13.1%), geranyl acetate (8.5%) and cis-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (6.2%) as other principal constituents. The essential oil showed a significant antispasmodic activity, in a dose range of 0.03-10 mg/mL. The essential oil also possesses antibacterial and antifungal activities against some pathogenic strains. The phytotoxic and cytotoxic activities were also assessed
Pro fidelium defunctorum // Commemoratione // Oratorium. // Persone. // Nabuchodonasor [sic] Rex. Sidrac. // Misac. Abdenago // 1731 (manuscrit autographe)
No full textTitre uniforme : Feo, Francesco (1691-1761). Compositeur. [Oratorium pro fidelium defunctorum. Voix (4), orchestre, bc (1731)]Oratorio en deux parties. - Librettiste inconnu. - Daté également à la fin : "Finis. [17]31". - Rôles : Nabuchodonosor (Fa 4), Sidrac (Ut 1), Misac (Ut 1), Abdenago (Ut 3). - Vl 2, vla, ob 2, "Trombe da caccia" 2, bc. - La sinfonia d'ouverture est reprise de l'oratorio Thermutis pietas (1728) du même compositeur, mais transposée en fa majeur (voir Ms. 1958). - Foliotation ajoutée. - Rel. du cons.Présentation musicale : [Partition]Incipit : Quid o fratres dilectiAppartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RISM2Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RISMMssOratorio
Termuthis Pietas // sive // pro fidelium defunctorum // Commemoratione. // Carmen. // Persone // Pharao Rex Egypti, Termuth filia Pharaonis, // Amram Pater Moysis, Jochabed Mater Moysis (manuscrit autographe)
No full textTitre uniforme : Feo, Francesco (1691-1761). Compositeur. [Termuthis Pietas. Voix (4), orchestre, bc (1728)]Oratorio en deux parties. - Librettiste inconnu. - Daté à la fin : "Finis [17]28". - Rôles : Pharao (Ut 4), Termuth (Ut 1), Amram (Ut 3), Jochabed (Ut 1). - Vl 2, vla, fl 2, ob 2, "Trombe da caccia" 2 (en si bémol), bc. - La sinfonia d'ouverture fut reprise et transposée en fa majeur pour servir d'introduction à l'Oratorium pro fidelium defunctorum de 1731 (voir Ms. 1957). - Foliotation ajoutée. - Rel. du cons.Présentation musicale : [Partition]Incipit : Conjux dilecta cernisAppartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RISM2Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RISMMssOratorio
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