48 research outputs found
Histoire du peuple de Dieu depuis la naissance du Messie jusqu'a la fin de la synagogue : tirée des seuls livres saints ... : seconde partie.
No full textDescripción hecha a partir vol. 2.Índice.Esta obra es continuación de "Histoire du peuple de Dieu depuis son origine jusquà la venue du Messie" y continúa con "Histoire du peuple de Dieu, IIIe partie, ou Paraphrase littérale des ép res des apõtres"Número de vol. tomado de repertorios.Sign.: vol. 2: [ ]4, (A-Pp)8-4 ; vol. 4: [ ]4, (A-Gg)8-4, Hh2 ; vol. 5: [ ]4, (A-Ll)8-4, Mm4 ; vol. 6: [ ]4, (A-Ll)8-4, Mm6 ; vol. 7: [ ]4, (A-Hh)8-4.Notas a pie de p. a 2 col., apostillas marginales.Viñetas a final de cap., frisos, filetes y algunas capitales orn. tip
Role of cardiac resynchronization therapy in the development of new-onset atrial fibrillation: A single-center prospective study.
No full textAlbeit several studies examined the association between cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart failure (HF), results are still unclear and quite conflicting. We thereby designed a single-center prospective study to determine whether CRT has a favorable effect on the incidence of new-onset AF in a homogeneous population of patients with non-ischemic idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and severe heart failure HF. We enrolled 58 patients, AF naïve when received CRT. After 1 year of follow-up our population was subdivided into responders (72.4%) and non (27.6%), so to compare the incidence of AF after 1, 2 and 3 years of follow-up in these two groups. Already after 1 year, there is a significant (p<0.05) difference in new-onset AF in non-responder patients respect to responders (18.2% vs 3.3%). These data are confirmed at 2 year (33.3% vs 12.2%) and 3 year (50.0% vs 15.0%) follow-up. In particular, at 3 year follow-up, non-responders have an increased risk to develop new-onset AF (OR=5.67, 95% confidence interval = 1.36-23.59, p=0.019). The present work suggests a possible favorable role of this non-pharmacological therapy, on the prevention of AF
Estudo do mecanismo de ação antinociceptiva da agmatina em camundongos
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências.O presente trabalho avaliou a atividade antinociceptiva da agmatina em diversos modelos comportamentais de nocicepção química, bem como alguns dos mecanismos envolvidos em sua ação antinociceptiva em camundongos. A agmatina (1-30 mg/kg), administrada pela via i.p., 30 min antes, causou inibição significativa e dependente da dose da nocicepção induzida pelo ácido acético com DI50 de 5,6 mg/kg. Quando administrada oralmente, 60 min antes, a agmatina (10-300 mg/kg) também inibiu de forma dependente da dose a nocicepção causada pelo ácido acético com DI50 de 147,3 mg/kg. A agmatina (3-100 mg/kg, i.p.) também inibiu de maneira significativa e dependente da dose a nocicepção induzida pela capsaicina e glutamato, com DI50 de 43,7 e 19,5 mg/kg, respectivamente. Além disso, a agmatina (1-100 mg/kg, i.p.) causou significativa inibição de ambas as fases da nocicepção causada pela formalina com valores de DI50 para as fases neurogênica e inflamatória de 13,7 e 5,6 mg/kg, respectivamente. A antinocicepção causada pela agmatina (10 mg/kg, i.p.) no modelo do ácido acético foi significativamente revertida pelo pré-tratamento dos animais com L-arginina (precursor de óxido nítrico, 600 mg/kg, i.p.), naloxona (antagonista dos receptores opióides, 1 mg/kg, i.p.), PCPA (inibidor da síntese de serotonina, 100 mg/kg, i.p. por 4 dias consecutivos), cetanserina (antagonista dos receptores 5-HT2A, 0,3 mg/kg, i.p.), ondansetron (antagonista dos receptores 5-HT3, 0,5 mg/kg, i.p.), ioimbina (antagonista dos receptores a2-adrenérgico, 0,15 mg/kg, i.p.), efaroxan (antagonista dos receptores I1 imidazólicos/a2-adrenérgicos, 1 mg/kg, i.p.), toxina pertussis (inibidor da proteína Gi/o, 0,5 mg/i.t) ou por cloreto de cálcio (doador de íons Ca2+, 200 nmol/i.c.v.). No entanto, a antinocicepção produzida pela agmatina não foi afetada pelo pré-tratamento dos animais com pindolol (antagonista dos receptores 5-HT1A/1B, 1 mg/kg) ou idazoxan (antagonista dos receptores I2 imidazólicos/a2-adrenérgicos, 3 mg/kg). De maneira semelhante, a antinocicepção causada pela agmatina (10 mg/kg, i.p.) não foi afetada pelo tratamento neonatal dos animais com capsaicina (50 mg/kg, s.c.). Assim, estes resultados indicam que a agmatina produz antinocicepção significativa e de forma dependente da dose em vários modelos de nocicepção por mecanismos que envolvem uma interação com os sistemas opióide, serotonérgico (através dos receptores 5-HT2A e 5-HT3), a2-adrenérgico, imidazólico (através dos receptores I1) com a via da L-arginina-óxido nítrico, bem como por uma interação com a proteína Gi/o sensível à toxina pertussis e canais de cálcio
Current concepts on oxidative/carbonyl stress, inflammation and epigenetics in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
No full textChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem. The current therapies for COPD are poorly effective and the mainstays of pharmacotherapy are bronchodilators. A better understanding of the pathobiology of COPD is critical for the development of novel therapies. In the present review, we have discussed the roles of oxidative/aldehyde stress, inflammation/immunity, and chromatin remodeling in the pathogenesis of COPD. An imbalance of oxidants/antioxidants caused by cigarette smoke and other pollutants/biomass fuels plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD by regulating redox-sensitive transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB), autophagy and unfolded protein response leading to chronic lung inflammatory response. Cigarette smoke also activates canonical/alternative NF-κB pathways and their upstream kinases leading to sustained inflammatory response in lungs. Recently, epigenetic regulation has been shown to be critical for the development of COPD because the expression/activity of enzymes that regulate these epigenetic modifications have been reported to be abnormal in airways of COPD patients. Hence, the significant advances made in understanding the pathophysiology of COPD as described herein will identify novel therapeutic targets for intervention in COPD
Els polifenols presents en els aliments com a components funcionals en la prevenció i possible tractament de la hipertensió arterial.
No full text[cat] La hipertensió és un dels principals factors de risc cardiovascular, sent el problema més important de salut pública i la principal causa de mort i discapacitat en els països desenvolupats. El primer pas per a prevenir la hipertensió és seguir una dieta saludable, com és la dieta Mediterrània i millorar l'estil de vida, augmentant l'activitat física o reduint el pes corporal. Diversos estudis epidemiològics relacionen de manera inversa el consum d'aliments rics en polifenols com el cacau, fruites, verdures i hortalisses (F&V), te, oli d'oliva verge, nous o vi, i el risc de mortalitat total o malalties cardiovasculars. L'objectiu principal del present treball ha estat posar a punt i validar la metodologia per a l'anàlisi dels polifenols totals en mostres d'orina i la seva correlació amb la hipertensió i la pressió arterial sistòlica i diastòlica en pacients d'alt risc cardiovascular. S'ha desenvolupat un mètode sensible, específic, ràpid i senzill per a la quantificació de polifenols totals en un gran nombre de mostres d'orina obtinguda de forma puntual, amb un tractament de mostra molt senzill. Aquest mètode és més barat i respectuós amb el medi ambient en utilitzar menys reactius que els mètodes anteriors. La validació del mètode es basa en els resultats obtinguts a partir d'un estudi prospectiu aleatoritzat, creuat, amb diferents períodes d'intervenció i es va corroborar en un estudi transversal amb 60 voluntaris amb una població free-living. En aquests estudis es van trobar associacions positives entre els polifenols totals excretats en l'orina del matí, el consum de polifenols totals i el consum total de F&V; pel que es va poder considerar als polifenols totals excretats en orina com a biomarcador del consum de polifenols totals. S'ha avaluat l'efecte del consum dels polifenols en la hipertensió arterial en 263 homes i 326 dones amb alt risc cardiovascular, amb edats compreses entre 55 i 80 anys, dins d'un sub-estudi transversal amb dades de l'estudi PREDIMED. En els individus en el quartil més alt d'excreció de polifenols totals, el risc d'hipertensió va disminuir en un 36% a comparació amb el quartil més baix d'excreció de polifenols totals. La ingesta de polifenols totals, avaluats a través de la seva excreció en orina, es va associar negativament amb els nivells de pressió arterial sistòlica i diastòlica. En un altre treball es van revisar els principals estudis epidemiològics que relacionen el consum de polifenols totals i la pressió arterial. En l'últim treball es presenta un sub-estudi d'intervenció amb 1139 participants d'alt risc cardiovascular dins de l'estudi PREDIMED. Els participants van ser assignats a una dieta baixa en greix (dieta control), n=379 o a dues dietes estil mediterrània, una suplementada amb oli d'oliva verge, n=394 i l'altra amb fruits secs, n=366. La dieta mediterrània suplementada amb fruits secs o oli d'oliva verge es va correlacionar positivament amb els polifenols totals excretats en les mostres d'orina puntual. Novament els increments estadísticament significatius en l'excreció de polifenols totals, en un estudi d'intervenció, es van associar negativament amb la pressió arterial sistòlica i diastòlica, en una població mediterrània d'avançada edat. Per tant, una intervenció dietètica dirigides a incrementar la ingesta d'aliments rics en polifenols, podria ser eficient en la prevenció i el tractament de la hipertensió, unit a una disminució la pressió arterial, per tal de reduir el seu risc cardiovascular.[eng] "The polyphenols present in food as functional components in the prevention and possible treatment of hypertension". TEXT: Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factors, being the most important problem of public health and the leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. The first step to prevent hypertension is to follow a healthy diet as the Mediterranean and improving lifestyle. The main objective of this study was to develop and validate the methodology for the analysis of total polyphenols (TP) in urine samples to evaluate if the TP in urine are correlated with polyphenol intake, to be considered as a marker of intake of these compounds, and its correlation with hypertension and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients at high cardiovascular risk. We have developed a sensitive, specific, rapid and simple assay for quantification of polyphenols in a large number of spot urine samples. This method is cheaper and environmentally friendly by using less reactive than previous methods. It was performed a prospective randomized crossover trial and one cross-sectional study with 60 volunteers from the PREDIMED trial. These studies found positive associations between TP excreted in spot urine samples and consumption of TP, and with total fruits and vegetables intake. We evaluated the effect of consumption of polyphenols in arterial hypertension in 589 patients at high cardiovascular risk, within the PREDIMED study. In individuals in the highest quartile of excretion of TP, the risk of hypertension decreased by 36% compared with the lowest quartile. The TP intake assessed by excretion in urine was negatively associated with levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In the sub-intervention study (1139 participants), participants were assigned to a low-fat diet (n=379) or two Mediterranean-style diet. The Mediterranean diet supplemented with nuts (n=366) or virgin olive oil (n=394) were positively correlated with TP content excreted. Statistically significant increases in the excretion of TP were negatively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure after the Mediterranean diet supplemented. Therefore, a dietary intervention aimed at increasing the intake of foods rich in polyphenols, may be efficient in the prevention and treatment of hypertension, coupled with a decrease in blood pressure, to reduce their cardiovascular risk
Effect of acute and chronic pressure-threshold inspiratory muscle training on upper and lower airway function
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.There is evidence to suggest that inspiratory muscle training (IMT) may influence the functional properties of the muscles of the upper (UA) and lower (LA) airway. However, the nature and functional relevance of this influence is currently unclear. This thesis examined the effect of acute and chronic IMT in the context of UA and LA function. The ability of IMT to activate the UA dilator muscles, genioglossus (GG) and geniohyoid (GH), was examined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as was the effect of chronic training on these muscles. In addition, the effect of acute and chronic IMT upon LA resistance (Rrs) and function was investigated in people with asthma using the Forced Oscillation Technique and conventional spirometry. For the UA, an acute bout of IMT at 60% maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (MIP) resulted in significant GG and GH activation (P < 0.001) as demonstrated by increases in the transverse relaxation time of muscle water (T2). Despite this, MRI was unable to detect any effect of chronic IMT upon UA function. For the LA, the usual increase in Rrs, following deep inhalation (DI) in people with asthma was attenuated with both single and multiple breaths against a pressure-threshold load equal to 50% MIP. However, six weeks IMT had no effect on baseline airway function or response to DI. In conclusion, an acute effect of pressure-threshold IMT upon UA and LA function was demonstrated. A strong rationale for a beneficial influence of chronic pressure-threshold IMT was therefore demonstrated. However, the data were insufficient to either reject, or accept the hypothesis that IMT exerts more than a transient influence upon UA and LA function, but insights are presented that support the need for further investigations.This work is funded by Harry Brar and HaB International Ltd
Predicting urinary creatinine excretion and its usefulness to identify incomplete 24h urine collections
No full textStudies using 24 h urine collections need to incorporate ways to validate the completeness of the urine samples. Models to predict urinary creatinine excretion (UCE) have been developed for this purpose; however, information on their usefulness to identify incomplete urine collections is limited. We aimed to develop a model for predicting UCE and to assess the performance of a creatinine index using para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) as a reference. Data were taken from the European Food Consumption Validation study comprising two non-consecutive 24 h urine collections from 600 subjects in five European countries. Data from one collection were used to build a multiple linear regression model to predict UCE, and data from the other collection were used for performance testing of a creatinine index-based strategy to identify incomplete collections. Multiple linear regression (n 458) of UCE showed a significant positive association for body weight (ß = 0·07), the interaction term sex × weight (ß = 0·09, reference women) and protein intake (ß = 0·02). A significant negative association was found for age (ß = - 0·09) and sex (ß = - 3·14, reference women). An index of observed-to-predicted creatinine resulted in a sensitivity to identify incomplete collections of 0·06 (95 % CI 0·01, 0·20) and 0·11 (95 % CI 0·03, 0·22) in men and women, respectively. Specificity was 0·97 (95 % CI 0·97, 0·98) in men and 0·98 (95 % CI 0·98, 0·99) in women. The present study shows that UCE can be predicted from weight, age and sex. However, the results revealed that a creatinine index based on these predictions is not sufficiently sensitive to exclude incomplete 24 h urine collections
Phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate is involved in <i>Toxoplasma</i> apicoplast biogenesis
No full textApicomplexan parasites cause devastating diseases including malaria and toxoplasmosis. They harbour a plastid-like, non-photosynthetic organelle of algal origin, the apicoplast, which fulfils critical functions for parasite survival. Because of its essential and original metabolic pathways, the apicoplast has become a target for the development of new anti-apicomplexan drugs. Here we show that the lipid phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate (PI3P) is involved in apicoplast biogenesis in <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>. In yeast and mammalian cells, PI3P is concentrated on early endosomes and regulates trafficking of endosomal compartments. Imaging of PI3P in <i>T. gondii</i> showed that the lipid was associated with the apicoplast and apicoplast protein-shuttling vesicles. Interference with regular PI3P function by over-expression of a PI3P specific binding module in the parasite led to the accumulation of vesicles containing apicoplast peripheral membrane proteins around the apicoplast and, ultimately, to the loss of the organelle. Accordingly, inhibition of the PI3P-synthesising kinase interfered with apicoplast biogenesis. These findings point to an unexpected implication for this ubiquitous lipid and open new perspectives on how nuclear encoded proteins traffic to the apicoplast. This study also highlights the possibility of developing specific pharmacological inhibitors of the parasite PI3-kinase as novel anti-apicomplexan drugs
TSLP levels and disease control in patients diagnosed with asthma, systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textilustraciones, graficasIntroducción: El asma es una enfermedad heterogénea, caracterizada por inflamación crónica de la vía aérea, con síntomas respiratorios variables relacionados con limitación al flujo aérea. En el asma con inflamación tipo 2, las células epiteliales estimulan a las células dendríticas y a otros grupos celulares como las células linfoides innatas (CLI), mediante unas citoquinas denominadas “alarminas”, que polarizan la respuesta inmune hacia este tipo de inflamación en el pulmón, una de estas citoquinas es la linfopoyetina del estroma timico (TSLP) por sus siglas en ingles, la cual esta implicada en la fisiopatología del asma, Se ha evidenciado en varios estudios que altos niveles de esta citoquina se relacionan con pobre control de la enfermedad.
Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles de TSLP y control de la enfermedad en el paciente con diagnóstico de asma.
Métodos de búsqueda: Se realizó una búsqueda con una fecha de corte para el 6 julio de 2020, en las bases de datos MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, LILACS, Clinical trials.gov y open grey.
Criterios de selección: Se incluyeron estudios observacionales analíticos de tipo casos y controles, prospectivos y retrospectivos y ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados. Se incluyeron estudios que compararan los niveles de TSLP en pacientes con asma y personas sanas, y entre los grupos de severidad de la enfermedad en cualquier muestra analizada.
Recolección de datos y análisis: Dos revisores identificaron los criterios de inclusión de los estudios de manera independientemente, con revisión por título, resumen y texto completo. Se realizó la extracción de los datos, evaluación de riesgo de sesgo y metaanálisis a través del método de varianza inversa medias estandarizadas con pesos obtenidos a través del métodos de efectos aleatorios. Se realizó un gráfico de albatros para la correlación de los niveles de TSLP y volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (VEF1).
Resultados principales: 31 estudios (2709 participantes) cumplieron los criterios de selección de los cuales 29 se incluyeron en el metaanálisis. Se analizaron los niveles de TSLP en pacientes asmáticos y controles según la muestra obtenida y la severidad de la enfermedad. Se encontró evidencia de mayores niveles de TSLP en pacientes con asma respecto a controles (2.76 SMD IC 95% 1.99-3.53), y mayores niveles en paciente con asma moderada-severa respecto a asma leve (0.81 SMD IC 95% 0.58-1.04). Se encontró correlación negativa entre los niveles de TSLP y el VEF1.
Conclusión: Basados en lo hallazgos de los estudios incluidos en esta revisión, se considera que existe evidencia suficiente para afirmar que los niveles de TSLP son mayores en pacientes con asma y que estos se incrementan conforme la severidad de la enfermedad. Se encontró también que los niveles de TSLP se correlacionan de manera negativa con el VEF1. (Texto tomado de la fuente)Introduction: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, characterized by chronic inflammation of the airway, with variable respiratory symptoms related to airflow limitation. In asthma with type 2 inflammation, epithelial cells stimulate dendritic cells and other cell groups such as innate lymphoid cells (ILC), through cytokines called "alarmins", which polarize the immune response towards this type of inflammation in the lung , one of these cytokines is thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which is involved in the pathophysiology of asthma. Several studies have shown that high levels of this cytokine are related to poor disease control.
Objective: To evaluate the levels of TSLP and disease control in patients diagnosed with asthma.
Search methods: A search was conducted with a cut-off date of July 6, 2020, in the MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, LILACS, Clinical trials.gov, and open gray databases.
Selection criteria: Prospective and retrospective case-control analytical observational studies and controlled clinical trials were included, randomized. Studies were included that compared TSLP levels in patients with asthma and healthy people, and between disease severity groups in any sample analyzed.
Data collection and analysis: Two reviewers independently identified study inclusion criteria, reviewing by title, abstract, and full text. Data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and meta-analysis were performed using the standardized mean inverse variance method with weights obtained using the random effects method. An albatross plot was made for the correlation of TSLP levels and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1).
Main results: 31 studies (2709 participants) met the selection criteria of which 29 were included in the meta-analysis. TSLP levels were analyzed in asthmatic patients and controls according to the sample obtained and the severity of the disease. Evidence of higher levels of TSLP was found in patients with asthma compared to controls (2.76 SMD CI 95% 1.99-3.53), and higher levels in patients with moderate-severe asthma compared to mild asthma (0.81 SMD CI 95% 0.58-1.04). . A negative correlation was found between TSLP levels and FEV1.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the studies included in this review, it is considered that there is sufficient evidence to affirm that TSLP levels are higher in patients with asthma and that they increase with the severity of the disease. TSLP levels were also found to be negatively correlated with FEV1.MaestríaMagíster en Inmunologí
Consenso latinoamericano de hipertensión en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 y síndrome metabólico
No full textThe present document has been prepared by a group of experts, members of cardiology, endocrinology, internal medicine, nephrology and diabetes societies of Latin American countries, to serve as a guide to physicians taking care of patients with diabetes, hypertension and comorbidities or complications of both conditions. Although the concept of metabolic syndrome is currently disputed, the higher prevalence in Latin America of that cluster of metabolic alterations has suggested that metabolic syndrome is a useful nosography entity in the context of Latin American medicine. Therefore, in the present document, particular attention is paid to this syndrome in order to alert physicians on a particular high-risk population, usually underestimated and undertreated. These recommendations result from presentations and debates by discussion panels during a 2-day conference held in Bucaramanga, in October 2012, and all the participants have approved the final conclusions. The authors acknowledge that the publication and diffusion of guidelines do not suffice to achieve the recommended changes in diagnostic or therapeutic strategies, and plan suitable interventions overcoming knowledge, attitude and behavioural barriers, preventing both physicians and patients from effectively adhering to guideline recommendations.O presente documento foi preparado por um grupo de especialistas, membros das Sociedades de Cardiologia, Endocrinologia, Medicina Interna, Nefrologia e Diabetes dos países da América Latina, para que sirva de diretriz para médicos que cuidam de pacientes com diabetes, hipertensão e fatores de risco concomitantes ou complicações de ambas as condições. Embora o conceito de síndrome metabólica seja atualmente muito discutido, a alta prevalência na América Latina do conjunto de alterações metabólicas que a compõem sugere que a síndrome metabólica é uma entidade nosográfica útil no contexto da medicina latino-americana. Devido a isso, no presente documento presta-se especial atenção a essa síndrome com a finalidade de alertar aos médicos sobre uma população particularmente de alto risco, que, por ser subestimada, não é tratada de forma adequada para os fatores de risco que constituem a síndrome metabólica. As recomendações deste documento são o resultado de apresentações e debates que ocorreram durante um encontro de dois dias em Bucaramanga (Colômbia), em outubro de 2012. Todos os participantes aprovaram as decisões finais. Os autores reconhecem que a publicação e difusão das diretrizes não serão suficientes para alcançar as mudanças recomendadas tanto em estratégias diagnósticas como terapêuticas, por isso programaram intervenções que permitirão identificar as barreiras do conhecimento, as atitudes e comportamento, o que permitirá tanto aos médicos como aos pacientes uma adequada adesão às recomendações sugeridas nestas diretrizes
