3,451 research outputs found
La filosofía del derecho de Alexandre Kojève
No full textThis article is a presentation of Alexandre Kojève’s philosophy of law, exposed in his Esquisse d’une phénoménologie du droit (1981). Little attention has been paid to this work. So there is a gap that has to be filled with a critical reflection of its strengths. Among them, undoubtedly, we count the fact that Kojève is introducing a conception of international justice that casts a singular light on current debates about cosmopolitanism and globalization. According to this author, citizenship is the key element of the process of global expansion of the juridical sphere. In sum, Kojève’s philosophy is useful to reflect upon the contrast between the juridical and the political, which is the basis for all philosophy of law, in order to achieve world peace and international justice.Este artículo es una presentación de la filosofía del derecho de Alexandre Kojève contenida en su Esquisse d’une phénoménologie du droit (1981). La poca atención que dicha obra ha recibido es un vacío que debiera llenarse con una reflexión crítica de sus puntos fuertes. Entre ellos destaca una concepción de la justicia internacional que proyecta una luz muy singular sobre los actuales debates en torno a la globalización y el cosmopolitismo. A ojos de este autor, la ciudadanía es el elemento clave para aquilatar la expansión global de lo jurídico. En suma, Kojève aparece como un valioso referente en la labor de pensar la contraposición entre lo jurídico y lo político que está en la base de toda filosofía del derecho, con la aspiración al logro de la justicia internacional y la paz mundial en el horizonte
Reconfiguração do consensualismo contratual: as ações tituladas nominativas e os limites à transmissão
No full textPartimos da evolução histórica do consensualismo contratual salientando os
principais carateres que, nos diversos momentos históricos, se foram evidenciando.
Numa segunda etapa exploramos os fundamentos dogmáticos do modelo de
transmissão contratual assumido pelo legislador e a sua viabilidade no sistema
jurídico global, em particular, no direito dos valores mobiliários. Constatamos a
crescente necessidade na prática mercantil e inevitabilidade no sistema jurídico
global da admissibilidade da existência de contratos de compra e venda de natureza
meramente obrigacional. Num terceiro momento desenvolvemos os principais
aspetos do regime jurídico aplicável às ações tituladas nominativas fora do mercado
regulado, em particular, os principais limites à transmissão, enquanto instrumentos/barreiras ao consensualismo contratual.We start from the historical evolution of contractual consensualism emphasizing the
main aspects that, in different historical moments, were showing up. In a second
stage we explore the dogmatic foundations of the transmission model contractual
assumed by the legislator and its viability in the global legal system, in particular, in
securities law. We note the growing need in commercial practice and inevitability in
the global legal system the admissibility of the existence of contracts of sale purely
obligatory. In the third stage we develop the main aspects of the legal regime
applicable to nominative titled actions outside the regulated market, in particular,
the main limits to the transmission, as instruments / barriers to contractual
consensualism
“Era por Alexandre tod’esto demostrado”: ¿pruebas verídicas y pruebas engañosas en el Libro de Alexandre?
No full textEl Libro de Alexandre es un texto de s. XIII, que se escribió en la España medieval. En este escrito, el autor pretende demostrar que, en el Alexandre, algunas de las situaciones que se ponen a prueba son aceptadas, pero eso no significa que el macedonio gane la prueba. El articulo esta dividido en tres apartados. En el primero, el autor da cuenta de la historia textual de la obra y también dedica ciertas líneas al Estado de la cuestión del texto; mientras que, en la segunda parte, nos guía a conceptos etimológicos de los términos prueba, evidencia y demás. En el tercer apartado se centra en algunas pruebas expuestas en el Libro de Alexandre.The Libro de Alexandre is a literary work, written during the medieval Spain. In this paper, the author tries to demonstrate that, carefully reading the L.A, some of the situations that are set as proves are accepted, but it does not mean that Alexander can be a victor. This paper is divided in three sections: firstly, the author tells the textual history of the L.A and, then, tries to update the State of art: on the other hand, in the second part, the author offers meanings about terms as: prueba and evidencia. Finally, the author focuses on certain passages contained in the Libro de Alexandre that can be taken as failed proves
Mixing the Immiscible: Improvisation within Fixed-Media Composition
No full textThis paper will explore ways in which mastered improvisation practice, with the studio as an instrument, is a proposed avenue to bridge the historical dichotomy between what Ted Gioia describe as ‘the aesthetics of perfection’ and ‘the aesthetics of imperfection’. It is proposed as a way to re-embody fixed music, as experimented by the author through the composition of his last fixed-media work. This will be put in the context of a wider trend observed amongst the current emerging generation of composers interested in the aesthesics of the work, by opposition to the previous generations that placed the value of the work in its poietics. The vital and primal importance of practice outcome as practice-based research’s main document will also be advocated for, as these trends are happening in the laboratory of live music
Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660)
No full textBiografia do jesuíta francês Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660), missionário na Cochinchina (Vietname) e no Tonquim. Autor do Dicionário Anamita-Português-Latim (1651), Rhodes foi uma figura central no choque de interesses entre o Padroado Português e as ambições diplomáticas e políticas da França na Indochina e na China.Biography of the French Jesuit Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660), missionary in Cochinchina (Vietnam) and Tonkin. Author of the Anamita-Portuguese-Latin Dictionary (1651), Rhodes was a central figure in the clash of interests between the Portuguese Padroado and France's diplomatic and political ambitions in Indochina and China.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
La Clerecía de "Alexandre"
No full textEl artículo reflexiona sobre la educación que recibe Alexandre “El grande” a manos de su profesor Aristóteles, retratado en el “Libro de Alexandre”; a continuación analiza las disciplinas que compusieron dicho programa con el interés de proponer una interpretación de la lista de las siete artes liberales mencionadas. Este artículo ofrece una visión de las diferentes maneras en las que los textos reflejan la “clerecía” del protagonista así como de otros personajes, incluyendo el anónimo autor de los mismos. Cualquiera que se dedique a las mencionadas artes liberales será glorificado y Alexandre se presenta él mismo como modelo ideal de un príncipe en quien la nobleza y al inteligencia van unidas, una defensa clara de la “clerecía” como fuente fundamental de toda excelencia. This article deals with the education imparted on Alexander the Great by Aristotles, as portrayed in the “Libro de Alexandre”, analyzes the disciplines and proposes an interpretation of the list of the seven liberal arts mentioned therein. This article also offers an encompassing view of the different ways in which the text reflects the “clerecía2 of the protagonist as well as that of the other characters, including the anonymous author himself. Anyone who dedicates him or herself to the aforementioned liberal arts is thereby glorified, and Alexander presents himself as the ideal model of a prince in whom nobility and cleverness are joined, in a clear defense of the “clerecía” as the fundamental source of all excellence
The role of the schizophrenia risk gene DiGeorge Critical Region 2 in projection neuron maturation in the medial prefrontal cortex
No full textSchizophrenia spectrum disorders have been linked to developmental alterations in the migration, maturation and function of projection neurons in brain regions such as the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. To explain these defects, many candidate risk genes have been proposed, some of which belonging to the 22q11.2DS region. This is the case of DGCR2, a schizophrenia risk gene previously shown in the lab to control the migration of superficial layer neocortical projection neurons.
For this thesis, we focused on the implication of Dgcr2 in the post-natal maturation of projection neurons dendritic spines. In this purpose, we performed a morphological analysis of spines coming from mice brains which underwent knock-down of Dgcr2 expression specifically in projection neurons during their development. We noticed a globally more immature dendritic spine profile in the Dgcr2 knock-down condition, a result compatible with previous findings in schizophrenia.
As a second aim, we also analysed results from a new genetic transfection method: in utero electroporation using a triple-electrode probe. We tested if this approach allows us to target efficiently, selectively and bilaterally a murine brain region called medial prefrontal cortex. This latter is known for its strong anatomical and functional homologies with the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We showed that this technique presents a lot of advantages in comparison with its previous version using two electrodes, but also some limitations. We also identified some parameters in the procedure we have to improve in order to create a valid murine behavioural model of a medial prefrontal Dgcr2 knock-down alteration. </p
Impact of early-life serotonin dysregulation on cortical interneuron development
No full textEarly-life deficiency of the serotonin transporter (SERT) gives rise to a wide range of psychiatric-relevant phenotypes. Among the targets of early-life serotonin, the serotonin receptor 3A (5-HT3AR) specifically controls the embryonic migration and postnatal cortical laminar positioning of caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE) derived cortical interneurons (cINs). Here we investigated the impact of early-life SERT deficiency on the migration and positioning of CGE-derived cortical INs in SERT-ko mice and in mice exposed to the SERT inhibitor fluoxetine during the late embryonic period using microarray-based expression analysis and confocal imaging. We further aimed to identify the genetic programs that control the diversity of 5-HT3AR-expressing interneurons using single-cell RNA sequencing. Postnatal studies revealed that SERT-deficiency affects the cortical laminar distribution of specific CGE-derived interneuron. Preliminary single-cell results indicate that the combinatorial expression of transcription factors Nr2f2 and Sp8 may be a promising method to start re-classifying 5-HT3AR-expressing IN subtypes into biologically relevant subgroups
The role of DiGeorge Critical Region 2 in cortical circuit formation
No full textThe generation, migration and integration of different subtypes of neurons in cortical circuits has emerged as a key process in the pathophysiology of a variety of developmental disorders including autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ). Historical candidate-gene studies, as well as recent genome-wide association studies identified numerous genetic loci associated with schizophrenia. Many of these risk genes regulate embryonic cellular events involved in the formation of neural circuits. However, the functional role that schizophrenia-risk genes plays in the development of the disease is still largely unknown. During my PhD, I investigated the impact of a novel risk gene for schizophrenia, Di-George Critical Region 2 (Dgcr2) on cortical circuit formation. Dgcr2 is expressed throughout brain development and encodes for an activity-dependent adhesion protein. This gene is located in the 22q11.2 locus, in the minimal critical region that produces - when heterozygously deleted in humans - the 22q11 micro-deletion syndrome, also known as Di-George syndrome. This genetic micro-deletion is one of the highest known risk factors for schizophrenia, and DGCR2 has been highlighted as an important susceptibility gene from this locus, conferring increased risk for schizophrenia to 22q11 micro-deletion carriers. Additionally, exome sequencing of idiopathic schizophrenia family trios identified a rare de novo mutation in DGCR2 strongly associated with the disease, supporting the idea that DGCR2 is an important schizophrenia risk gene per se. However, evidence is still lacking about the function of DGCR2 in the pathophysiology of the disease. Here I aimed to describe the molecular mechanisms by which Dgcr2 impacts the construction of cortical microcircuits. In order to generate a developmental mouse model for schizophrenia, I performed in utero electroporation targeted to upper-layer pyramidal neurons (PN) and assessed the consequences of the shRNA-mediated Knock-Down (KD) of Dgcr2 on different steps of cortical circuit formation such as the proliferation of neuronal progenitors, neuronal migration and dendritogenesis. KD of the expression of mouse (m)Dgcr2 affected the laminar positioning of PN in a persistent manner in the somatosensory cortex. PN mispositioning due to Dgcr2 KD could be fully rescued by overexpressing the shRNA-resistant human (h)DGCR2 but not the (h)DGCR2 containing the SZ-risk mutation P429R, indicating a deleterious impact of this SZ-risk mutation on the migratory function of DGCR2. Surprisingly, I discovered that the P429R mutation is associated to a drastic reduction in the protein concentration of DGCR2, thus leading to a state of Dgcr2 haplo-insufficiency in a similar fashion as in the 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome. Live-imaging techniques revealed that Dgcr2 KD significantly affected the dynamic locomotion of PN, indicating that Dgcr2 is likely to regulate key molecular pathways involved in the migration of PN. Using co-immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays, I discovered that DGCR2 is part of the REELIN complex, a key pathway regulating cortical neuron migration.(17) Moreover, Dgcr2 KD affected the REELIN-dependent phosphorylation of Akt and the expression of REELIN-dependent genes. This results allowed me to uncover the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which the SZ-risk gene Dgcr2 acts on early steps of cortical circuit formation. As a next step and in a collaborative manner, I aimed to assess the impact of Dgcr2 KD on the later functional maturation of upper-layer PN in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a key brain region involved in schizophrenia. At more mature time point (postnatal day 30), we found that Dgcr2 KD alters the morphology of the apical dendritic arbors of PN. Overall, this study revealed novel molecular mechanisms involved in schizophrenia-related developmental alterations, and opens the way to study in more details the functional impact of such early cortical circuits impairments on schizophrenia-related phenotypes
The monarchy of Portugal in Alexandre Herculano's work
No full textA pesquisa A Monarquia Portuguesa na Obra de Alexandre Herculano analisa a construção do modelo ideal de monarca por Alexandre Herculano, com especial ênfase na produção histórica em que os monarcas portugueses foram retratados com maior riqueza de detalhes e analisados de forma mais criteriosa. A pesquisa se dá a partir da conjuntura histórica portuguesa marcada pelo estabelecimento do Estado Liberal e pelos debates entre os diferentes grupos políticos em que a participação dos intelectuais é um ponto relevante. No tocante a Alexandre Herculano, o envolvimento do autor em diversas polêmicas e articulações políticas é uma evidência da importância e da atuação da intelligentsia na sociedade portuguesa do século XIX. Ao lado da conjuntura histórica na qual a obra de Herculano foi produzida, o universo conceitual forjado pelo autor com fundamento nos pressupostos teóricos e políticos também foi contemplado, pois o modelo de monarca construído pelo autor foi elaborado a partir deste universo conceitual que, conforme os pressupostos teóricos empregados nesta pesquisa atuam e interferem nos debates contemporâneos à obra.The research The Portuguese Monarchy in Alexandre Herculanos work analyses the building of the monarchs ideal model (by Alexandre Herculano) especially focusing on the historical production on which the Portuguese monarchs were detailedly portrayed and discerningly analysed. Considering the Portuguese historical conjuncture marked not only by the establishment of the Liberal State but also by the debates among the different political groups in which the intellectuals partaking is relevant. Concerning Alexandre Herculano, the authors involvement in several debates and political articulations is an evidence of the intelligentsias outstanding role in the Portuguese society of the nineteenth century. Along with the historical context in which Herculanos work was produced, the conceptual universe created by the author reasoned on theoretical and political assumptions was also considered because the monarchs model built by the author was created from this universe of concepts that, according to the theoretical assumptions used in this research, act and expand their sphere of influence towards the contemporary debates to his work
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