564 research outputs found
Vedic Voices: Intimate Narratives of a Living Andhra Tradition. By David M. Knipe
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Vedic Voices: Intimate Narratives of a Living Andhra Tradition. By David M. Knipe. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015. Pp. xxii + 340, illus. $35 (paper).


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Herpes Simplex Virus Infection Blocks Events in the G1 Phase of the Cell Cycle
No full textAbstractInfection of cells in G1 phase with herpes simplex virus (HSV) prevents their progression into S phase (de Bruyn Kops, A., and Knipe, D. M., 1988, Cell 55, 857–868). We have examined G1-phase events in infected cells to determine whether this effect was the result of inhibition of G1 phase progression or of entry into S phase. We observed that HSV infection decreased pRb phosphorylation and induced a new phosphorylated form of pRb. Furthermore, HSV infection prevented the normal G1 increases in cyclin D1 and D3 protein levels, and blocked the normal G1 appearance of new electrophoretic forms of cdk2 and cdk4. Thus, HSV infection inhibits several events that normally occur in the cell cycle during G1 phase, arguing that the HSV-induced block in the cell cycle occurs in early to mid-G1 phase
A Dominant Mutant Form of the Herpes Simplex Virus ICP8 Protein Decreases Viral Late Gene Transcription
No full textAbstractThe herpes simplex virus (HSV) infected cell protein 8 (ICP8) is required for viral DNA replication and normal viral gene expression. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that ICP8 may play a role in stimulating late gene expression. In V2.6 cells which express thed105 mutant form of ICP8, synthesis of late proteins and accumulation of late gC mRNA are reduced during HSV infection (Gao, M., and Knipe, D. M.,J. Virol.65, 2666–2675, 1991). To determine if the negative effect ofd105 ICP8 on late gene expression was exerted at the transcriptional level, we measured the levels of mRNAs and transcription from three late genes, gC, UL47, and gD, in V2.6 cells and Vero cells infected with the HSV-1 wild-type virus. In infected V2.6 cells, the levels of late gC and UL47 mRNA were 7- to 12-fold lower than those of infected Vero cells under conditions where the levels of viral DNA replication in these two cell types were similar. The transcription levels of these two late genes in infected V2.6 cells were reduced to similar extents (9- to 14-fold). The levels of accumulated mRNA and transcription of the early–late gD gene also showed parallel reductions in infected V2.6 cells (about 6-fold). In contrast, transcription of the β pol gene was reduced only slightly (about 2-fold) byd105 ICP8. These results demonstrate that thed105 ICP8 inhibits expression of three viral late genes at the transcriptional level, and in general, the effect ofd105 ICP8 on viral gene expression appears to correlate with the extent to which expression of the gene is stimulated by viral DNA synthesis
Viromic analysis of wastewater input to a river catchment reveals a diverse assemblage of RNA viruses
No full textAbstract
Detection of viruses in the environment is heavily dependent on PCR-based approaches that require reference sequences for primer design. While this strategy can accurately detect known viruses, it will not find novel genotypes, nor emerging and invasive viral species. In this study, we investigated the use of viromics, i.e. high-throughput sequencing of the biosphere viral fraction, to detect human/animal pathogenic RNA viruses in the Conwy river catchment area in Wales, UK. Using a combination of filtering and nuclease treatment, we extracted the viral fraction from wastewater, estuarine river water and sediment, followed by RNASeq analysis on the Illumina HiSeq platform for the discovery of RNA virus genomes. We found a higher richness of RNA viruses in wastewater samples than in river water and sediment, and assembled a complete norovirus GI.2 genome from wastewater effluent, which was not contemporaneously detected by conventional qRT-PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first environmentally-derived norovirus genome sequence to be available from a public database. The simultaneous presence of diverse rotavirus signatures in wastewater indicated the potential for zoonotic infections in the area and suggested run-off from pig farms as a possible origin of these viruses. Our results show that viromics can be an important tool in the discovery of pathogenic viruses in the environment and can be used to inform and optimize reference-based detection methods provided appropriate and rigorous controls are included.
Importance
Enteric viruses cause gastro-intestinal illness and are commonly transmitted through the faecal-oral route. When wastewater is released into river systems, these viruses can contaminate the environment. Our results show that we can use viromics to find the range of potentially pathogenic viruses that are present in the environment and identify prevalent genotypes. The ultimate goal is to trace the fate of these pathogenic viruses from origin to the point where they are a threat to human health, informing reference-based detection methods and water quality management.
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Department of Animal Sciences research and reviews: poultry and swine
No full textSkeletal muscle collagen organization may be associated with proteoglycan expression / Sandra G. Velleman -- Influence of adult body weight and egg weight on hatching time in selected and random bred control lines of turkeys / K. E. Nestor and D. O. Noble -- Effect of crossing a line selected for increased shank width with two commercial sire lines on performance and walking ability of turkeys / Karl E. Nestor and John W. Anderson -- The energy used for maintenance each day by broiler chickens / David Latshaw and Matthew Toussant -- Variation at microsatellite loci in the large white, Yorkshire, and Hampshire breeds of swine / S. L. Kacirek, K. M. Irvin, P. I. Dimsoski, M. E. Davis, and H. C. Hines -- The estimation of maternal and individual heterosis in Yorkshire, large white, and Hampshire swine and their crosses / M. J. Barhorst, K. M. Irvin, S. J. Moeller, and S. M. Neal -- Investigation of the estrogen receptor gene and its association with reproductive tract traits in swine / B. Isler, K. M. Irvin, and S. M. Neal -- Effects of exogenous testosterone on follicular responsiveness to gonadotrophins during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle in gilts / M. B. Cunningham and W. F. Pope -- Evaluation of the further-processing quality of ham muscles from Hampshire hogs / C. L. Knipe, D. L. Meeker, B. D. Paxton, S. J. Moeller, K. M. Irvin, D. M. Wulf, and R. C. Emnett -- Frequency and effects of the napole gene in the U.S. pork industry / D. L. Meeker, S. J. Moeller, K. M. Irvin, D. M. Wulf, C. L. Knipe, and R. C. Emnet
Herpes simplex virus co-infection facilitates rolling circle replication of the adeno-associated virus genome
No full textAdeno-associated virus (AAV) genome replication only occurs in the presence of a co-infecting helper virus such as adenovirus type 5 (AdV5) or herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). AdV5-supported replication of the AAV genome has been described to occur in a strand-displacement rolling hairpin replication (RHR) mechanism initiated at the AAV 3’ inverted terminal repeat (ITR) end. It has been assumed that the same mechanism applies to HSV-1-supported AAV genome replication. Using Southern analysis and nanopore sequencing as a novel, high-throughput approach to study viral genome replication we demonstrate the formation of double-stranded head-to-tail concatemers of AAV genomes in the presence of HSV-1, thus providing evidence for an unequivocal rolling circle replication (RCR) mechanism. This stands in contrast to the textbook model of AAV genome replication when HSV-1 is the helper virus
Cervical cancer with Human Papilloma Virus and Epstein Barr Virus positive
No full textThe Early-7 (E7) protein of HPV binds to the underphosphorelated form of the tumor suppressor
protein – pRb and displaces the E2F transcription factor that is normally bound by pRb. The latent
membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) of EBV prevents apoptosis of B cells by up regulating the expression
of bcl-2, and it activates growth promoting pathway that are normally triggered by T cell – derivate
signal. The aims of this study to know that in cervical cancer stay HPV and EBV.
DNA was isolated from nineteen sample cervical cancer tissues frozen section. Diagnose related
with HPV and EBV was made by Polymerase Chains Reaction (PCR).
The result of this experiment showed that from 19 samples diagnosed as cervical cancer, 17
samples are positive HPV and 13 samples had HPV and EBV positive. The conclusion of this
experiment is 89% of cervical cancers are infected with HPV and 68% also infected with HPV and
EBV
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