10 research outputs found
Translation and introduction of Sayyid Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn b. Nūr al-Dīn al-Ḥusaynī al-Kāshānī's Work Titled Mufarriḥat al-Anām fī Ta'sīs Bayt Allāh al-Ḥarām
No full textBu çalışmada Osmanlı padişahı IV. Murad (1623/1640) döneminde Mekke'de meydana gelen Büyük Sel (1039/1630) hadisesi sonrasında Kâbe'nin temelden yıkılıp yeniden inşa edilme süreci ele alınmış, bu hadiseyi aktaran Seyyid Zeynülâbidîn b. Nûreddîn el-Kâşânî'nin (ö.?) kaleme aldığı Müferrihetü'l-Enâm fî Te'sîsi Beytillahi'l-Harâm adlı eseri incelenmiştir. Bu çerçevede eserin Türkçe'ye çevirisi ve değerlendirmesi yapılmış, dil ve üslup özellikleri başta olmak üzere nitelik bakımından eser incelenmiştir. Müellif eserinde bizzat katıldığı bu imar sürecini gün gün kayıt altına almış, en önemlisi de XI/XVII yüzyıl Mekke'sinde bulunan kutsal mekânları irdelemiştir. Eser özellikle Şiî âlimler arasında büyük bir itibar görmüştür. Müellifin Kâbe'nin yeniden inşa sürecine doğrudan katılması ayrıca önemli görülmüştür. Çalışmada Seyyid Zeynülâbidîn b. Nûreddîn'in hayatına değinilmiş, bunun yanı sıra Kâbe'nin XI/XVII yüzyılda yaşanan yıkım ve yeniden imar süreci ele alınarak bu süreci anlatan diğer dönem kaynakları incelenmiştir. Böylece önemli bir tarihi olaya ışık tutulmuş, Kâbe'nin imar tarihine ilişkin süreç incelenerek bu mukaddes yapının tarihsel gelişimi ve mimari evreleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Mekke, Kâbe, Büyük Sel, IV. Murad, Seyyid Zeynülâbidîn b. Nûreddîn, Müferrihetü'l-EnâmIn this study, the process of the Kaaba being demolished from its foundation and rebuilt following the Great Flood (1039/1630) incident that occurred in Mecca during the reign of Ottoman Sultan Murad IV (1623/1640) has been discussed, and the work Mufarriḥat al-Anām fī Ta'sīs Bayt Allāh al-Ḥarām written by Sayyid Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn b. Nūr al-Dīn al-Kāshānī (d.?), who narrated this event, has been examined. In this context, the work has been translated into Turkish and evaluated, and it has been examined in terms of quality, including its language and style features. In his work, the author recorded this reconstruction process, which he personally participated in, day by day, and most importantly, he scrutinize the holy places in Mecca in the XI/XVII the century. The work has been highly regarded, especially among Shiite scholars. The author's direct involvement in the reconstruction process of the Kaaba is also considered important. In this study, the life of Sayyid Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn b. Nūr al-Dīn is mentioned, as well as the destruction and reconstruction process of the Kaaba in the XI/XVII th century, and other period sources describing this process are examined. Thus, an important historical event has been shed light on, and the process of the Kaaba's construction history has been examined, and the historical development and architectural phases of this sacred structure have been tried to be revealed. Keywords: Mecca, Kaaba, Great Flood, Murad IV, Sayyid Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn b. Nūr al- Dīn, Mufarriḥat al-Anā
Assessing the Adaptive Capacity of Slum Households to Flooding in the Coastline of Portee and Rokupa, Freetown, Sierra Leone
No full textFrequent flooding has been a significant problem in Freetown, causing loss of lives and properties. The situation is worse for coastal residents, who are more vulnerable and exposed to the impacts. The government has made commitments to strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity by 2030. However, there is currently insufficient information to comprehend the coastal residents of Portee and Rokupa’s capacity to adapt to the yearly flooding to which they are subjected. This study aims to assess the adaptive capacity of 204 slum households selected by purposive sampling and using the local adaptive capacity framework. The results show that the widespread adaptive concerns are unflood-proofed housing; low membership in community-based organizations; and the lack of innovative, flexible and forward-looking flood management initiatives. This study argues that the inhabitants have reached their adaptation limit and are now fated to more loss and damage. The author recommends future studies to forecast the assets in the study location that will potentially be affected by different flood intensities when subjected to future climate change scenarios
Infection after penetrating brain injury—An Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter study oral presentation at the 32nd annual meeting of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma, January 15–19, 2019, in Austin, Texas
No full text2019 EAST PODIUM PAPER Infection after penetrating brain injury—An Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter study oral presentation at the 32nd annual meeting of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma, January 15–19, 2019, in Austin, Texas Harmon, Laura A. MD; Haase, Daniel J. MD; Kufera, Joseph A. MA; Adnan, Sakib BS; Cabral, Donna BNS; Lottenberg, Lawrence MD; Cunningham, Kyle W. MD, MPH; Bonne, Stephanie MD; Burgess, Jessica MD; Etheridge, James MD; Rehbein, Jennifer L. MD; Semon, Gregory DO; Noorbakhsh, Matthew R. MD; Cragun, Benjamin N. MD; Agrawal, Vaidehi PhD; Truitt, Michael MD; Marcotte, Joseph MD; Goldenberg, Anna DO; Behbahaninia, Milad MD; Keric, Natasha MD; Hammer, Peter M. MD; Nahmias, Jeffry MD; Grigorian, Areg MD; Turay, Dave MD; Chakravarthy, Vikram MD; Lalchandani, Priti MD; Kim, Dennis MD; Chapin, Trinette; Dunn, Julie MD; Portillo, Victor MD; Schroeppel, Thomas MD, MS; Stein, Deborah M. MD, MPH Author Information Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 87(1):p 61-67, July 2019. | DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002327 Buy CME Test Erratum Abstract BACKGROUND
Fatality rates following penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI) are extremely high and survivors are often left with significant disability. Infection following pTBI is associated with worse morbidity. The modern rates of central nervous system infections (INF) in civilian survivors are unknown. This study sought to determine the rate of and risk factors for INF following pTBI and to determine the impact of antibiotic prophylaxis. METHODS
Seventeen institutions submitted adult patients with pTBI and survival of more than 72 hours from 2006 to 2016. Patients were stratified by the presence or absence of infection and the use or omission of prophylactic antibiotics. Study was powered at 85% to detect a difference in infection rate of 5%. Primary endpoint was the impact of prophylactic antibiotics on INF. Mantel-Haenszel χ2 and Wilcoxon\u27s rank-sum tests were used to compare categorical and nonparametric variables. Significance greater than p = 0.2 was included in a logistic regression adjusted for center. RESULTS
Seven hundred sixty-three patients with pTBI were identified over 11 years. 7% (n = 51) of patients developed an INF. Sixty-six percent of INF patients received prophylactic antibiotics. Sixty-two percent of all patients received one dose or greater of prophylactic antibiotics and 50% of patients received extended antibiotics. Degree of dural penetration did not appear to impact the incidence of INF (p = 0.8) nor did trajectory through the oropharynx (p = 0.18). Controlling for other variables, there was no statistically significant difference in INF with the use of prophylactic antibiotics (p = 0.5). Infection was higher in patients with intracerebral pressure monitors (4% vs. 12%; p = \u3c0.001) and in patients with surgical intervention (10% vs. 3%; p \u3c 0.001). CONCLUSION
There is no reduction in INF with prophylactic antibiotics in pTBI. Surgical intervention and invasive intracerebral pressure monitoring appear to be risk factors for INF regardless of prophylactic use. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, level IV
THREE FUTUWWATNĀMES WRITTEN IN PERSIAN ON THE BUTCHER'S CRAFTSMAN
No full textSafeviler dönemiyle başlayan ve Farsça cevanmerd olarak nitelenen fütüvvet ehlinin tarihine, pirlerine, edep ve erkanına yer veren Farsça fütüvvetnameler arasında, kasaplara ait risaleler de mevcuttur. Bu eserlerin yazımı Selçuklular döneminde Büyük Horasan havzasında başlamıştır. Bu eserler 13. yüzyıl Anadolu Ahiliğinin temel kaynakları sayılmıştır. Farsça fütüvvetnamelerde bu meslek Hz. İbrahim’e dayandırılmıştır. Mesleğin piri Hz. Ömer ve Hz.Ali sayılmış, mesleğin kahramanı olarak ise soyu yedi kuşakta Hz. Ali’ye dayanan ve Muhammed Hanefiyye’nin (ö.81) yakın adamlarından sayılan Reyli Cevanmerd-i Gassab kabul edilmiştir.
Farsça olarak kaleme alınan fütüvvetnameden ilki ‘’Fütüvvetname-i Gassab’’ adıyla İran Meclis Kütüphanesi 8898 numaralı el yazma mecmuada bulunmaktadır. Molla Muhammed Bagir Meclisi’ye (ö.1699) ait olduğu ve Safeviler döneminde yazıldığı ifade edilmiştir. Diğer risale Ravzatü’ş Şüheda adlı meşhur eserin sahibi olan Molla Hüseyin Vaiz Kaşifi Sebzevari’ye (ö.1504) ait olup ‘’Fütüvvetname-i Sultani’’ adlı eserdeki‘’ Fasl der Beyan-i Gabze-i Kard, Satur, Kardmal ve Tir ‘’başlıklı bölümde yer alır. Üçüncü ve son risale ise ‘’Risaley-i Gassaban ve Sallahan’’ adıyla İran Sipahsalar Medresesi Kütüphanesi el yazmaları arasında yer almaktadır. Müellifi meçhuldür. Kitabet kaydı ise1879 yılıdır.
Bu üç eserde kasaplıkla ilgili benzer konular ele alınmış, mesleğin temel prensipleri belirlenmiştir. Kasapların pirleri hakkında detaylı bilgi verilmiştir. Hz.İbrahim’in oğlu İsmail’i kurban ediş sırrı üzerinde durulmuş, mesleğin pirleri tanıtılmış, mesleğe ait ayet ve hadisler zikredilmiştir. Kasap esnafının edep ve erkanı sıralanmış, kasaplığın ve kasapların ahlaki kuralları soru-cevap şeklinde dikte edilmiştir. Bu makale kasaplık mesleğine dair Farsça Fütüvvetnamelerin tanıtım ve tercümesiyle iki dildeki fütüvvetnamelerin benzerliklerine dikkat çeker. Bu eserlerin birbirinin devamı olduğuna, birlikte okunması ve bilinmesi gerektiğine vurgu yapar.Among the Persian futuwwatnāmes, which started with the Ṣafavid period and are described as Persian Cevânmerd,there are also epistles belonging to butchers. The writing of these works began in the Great Khorasan basin duringthe Seljuk period. These works are considered as the main sources of the 13th century Anatolian Akhism. In Persianfutuwwatnāmes, this profession is attributed to Prophet Ibrahim. The master of the profession Hazrat (Excellency) Aliwere counted, and as the hero of the profession, Reyli Cevânmerd-i Kassâb, based on Hazrat Ali and considered oneof the close men of Muhammed Hanafiyya (d.81), was accepted. The first of the Futuwwatnāme written in Persianbelongs to Molla Hüseyin Vaizi Kâşifi Sabzevari (d.1504), who is the owner of the famous work called Ravzatü'şŞüheda.and in the section titled " Fasl der Beyân-i Gabze-i Kârd, Sâtur, Kârdmâl ve Tir ". The other treatise, namedFutuwwatnāme-i Kassâb, is in the manuscript magazine numbered 8898 in the Iranian Parliament Library. It is statedthat it belongs to Molla Muhammed Bagir Majlis (d.1699) and was written during the Ṣafavid period. The third andlast treatise is among the manuscripts of the Iranian Sipahsalar Madrasa Library, with the name of Der Beyan-i Kar-iKassâban ve Sellahân. Its author is unknown. The inscription record is 1879. In these three works, similar issuesrelated to butchery were discussed and the basic principles of the profession were determined. Detailed information isgiven about the butchers' chefs. The secret of the sacrifice of Prophet Ibrahim's son Ismail has been emphasized, themasters of the profession have been introduced, and the verses and hadiths of the profession have been mentioned. Thedecency and manners of the butcher shopkeepers were listed, and the moral rules of butchers were dictated in the formof questions and answers. This article draws attention to the similarities between the introduction and translation of thePersian Futuwwatnāmes on the butchery profession and the futuwwatnāmes in two languages. He emphasizes thatthese works are the continuation of each other and that they should be read and known together.Keywords: Persian Futuwwatnāmes, Butcher Craftsman, History of Akhi Order, Muhammed Baghir,Molla Huseyin Kashifî, Safavids
THREE FUTUWWATNĀMES WRITTEN IN PERSIAN ON THE BUTCHER'S CRAFTSMAN
No full textSafeviler dönemiyle başlayan ve Farsça cevanmerd olarak nitelenen fütüvvet ehlinin tarihine, pirlerine, edep ve erkanına yer veren Farsça fütüvvetnameler arasında, kasaplara ait risaleler de mevcuttur. Bu eserlerin yazımı Selçuklular döneminde Büyük Horasan havzasında başlamıştır. Bu eserler 13. yüzyıl Anadolu Ahiliğinin temel kaynakları sayılmıştır. Farsça fütüvvetnamelerde bu meslek Hz. İbrahim’e dayandırılmıştır. Mesleğin piri Hz. Ömer ve Hz.Ali sayılmış, mesleğin kahramanı olarak ise soyu yedi kuşakta Hz. Ali’ye dayanan ve Muhammed Hanefiyye’nin (ö.81) yakın adamlarından sayılan Reyli Cevanmerd-i Gassab kabul edilmiştir.
Farsça olarak kaleme alınan fütüvvetnameden ilki ‘’Fütüvvetname-i Gassab’’ adıyla İran Meclis Kütüphanesi 8898 numaralı el yazma mecmuada bulunmaktadır. Molla Muhammed Bagir Meclisi’ye (ö.1699) ait olduğu ve Safeviler döneminde yazıldığı ifade edilmiştir. Diğer risale Ravzatü’ş Şüheda adlı meşhur eserin sahibi olan Molla Hüseyin Vaiz Kaşifi Sebzevari’ye (ö.1504) ait olup ‘’Fütüvvetname-i Sultani’’ adlı eserdeki‘’ Fasl der Beyan-i Gabze-i Kard, Satur, Kardmal ve Tir ‘’başlıklı bölümde yer alır. Üçüncü ve son risale ise ‘’Risaley-i Gassaban ve Sallahan’’ adıyla İran Sipahsalar Medresesi Kütüphanesi el yazmaları arasında yer almaktadır. Müellifi meçhuldür. Kitabet kaydı ise1879 yılıdır.
Bu üç eserde kasaplıkla ilgili benzer konular ele alınmış, mesleğin temel prensipleri belirlenmiştir. Kasapların pirleri hakkında detaylı bilgi verilmiştir. Hz.İbrahim’in oğlu İsmail’i kurban ediş sırrı üzerinde durulmuş, mesleğin pirleri tanıtılmış, mesleğe ait ayet ve hadisler zikredilmiştir. Kasap esnafının edep ve erkanı sıralanmış, kasaplığın ve kasapların ahlaki kuralları soru-cevap şeklinde dikte edilmiştir. Bu makale kasaplık mesleğine dair Farsça Fütüvvetnamelerin tanıtım ve tercümesiyle iki dildeki fütüvvetnamelerin benzerliklerine dikkat çeker. Bu eserlerin birbirinin devamı olduğuna, birlikte okunması ve bilinmesi gerektiğine vurgu yapar.Among the Persian futuwwatnāmes, which started with the Ṣafavid period and are described as Persian Cevânmerd,there are also epistles belonging to butchers. The writing of these works began in the Great Khorasan basin duringthe Seljuk period. These works are considered as the main sources of the 13th century Anatolian Akhism. In Persianfutuwwatnāmes, this profession is attributed to Prophet Ibrahim. The master of the profession Hazrat (Excellency) Aliwere counted, and as the hero of the profession, Reyli Cevânmerd-i Kassâb, based on Hazrat Ali and considered oneof the close men of Muhammed Hanafiyya (d.81), was accepted. The first of the Futuwwatnāme written in Persianbelongs to Molla Hüseyin Vaizi Kâşifi Sabzevari (d.1504), who is the owner of the famous work called Ravzatü'şŞüheda.and in the section titled " Fasl der Beyân-i Gabze-i Kârd, Sâtur, Kârdmâl ve Tir ". The other treatise, namedFutuwwatnāme-i Kassâb, is in the manuscript magazine numbered 8898 in the Iranian Parliament Library. It is statedthat it belongs to Molla Muhammed Bagir Majlis (d.1699) and was written during the Ṣafavid period. The third andlast treatise is among the manuscripts of the Iranian Sipahsalar Madrasa Library, with the name of Der Beyan-i Kar-iKassâban ve Sellahân. Its author is unknown. The inscription record is 1879. In these three works, similar issuesrelated to butchery were discussed and the basic principles of the profession were determined. Detailed information isgiven about the butchers' chefs. The secret of the sacrifice of Prophet Ibrahim's son Ismail has been emphasized, themasters of the profession have been introduced, and the verses and hadiths of the profession have been mentioned. Thedecency and manners of the butcher shopkeepers were listed, and the moral rules of butchers were dictated in the formof questions and answers. This article draws attention to the similarities between the introduction and translation of thePersian Futuwwatnāmes on the butchery profession and the futuwwatnāmes in two languages. He emphasizes thatthese works are the continuation of each other and that they should be read and known together.Keywords: Persian Futuwwatnāmes, Butcher Craftsman, History of Akhi Order, Muhammed Baghir,Molla Huseyin Kashifî, Safavids
Anomaly localization in regular textures based on deep convolutional generative adversarial networks
No full text© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Pixel-level anomaly localization is a challenging problem due to the lack of abnormal training samples. The existing adversarial network methods attempt to segment anomalies by reconstructing the image then comparing the reconstructed image with the original. However, reconstructing an image with adversarial networks involve complex training procedures and result in long run-times. This paper proposes a simpler and intuitive anomaly localization approach based on generative adversarial networks (GAN) for regular textured images. In the proposed method, a discriminator network generates an anomaly map and is trained by a generator network that generates imitations of anomalous samples. To lower computational costs, strided convolutions are used in the discriminator network to produce anomaly map for pixel blocks instead of individual pixels. Discriminator that is trained in the proposed scheme gains ability to segment the anomalies in images. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method is almost equivalent to that of the state-of-the-art methods. Besides, with an accompanying low-cost training phase it is faster and simpler to implement
Outcomes and management approaches of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta based on the income of countries
No full text© 2020 The Author(s). Background: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) could provide a survival benefit to severely injured patients as it may improve their initial ability to survive the hemorrhagic shock. Although the evidence supporting the use of REBOA is not conclusive, its use has expanded worldwide. We aim to compare the management approaches and clinical outcomes of trauma patients treated with REBOA according to the countries' income based on the World Bank Country and Lending Groups. Methods: We used data from the AORTA (USA) and the ABOTrauma (multinational) registries. Patients were stratified into two groups: (1) high-income countries (HICs) and (2) low-to-middle income countries (LMICs). Propensity score matching extracted 1:1 matched pairs of subjects who were from an LMIC or a HIC based on age, gender, the presence of pupillary response on admission, impeding hypotension (SBP ≤ 80), trauma mechanism, ISS, the necessity of CPR on arrival, the location of REBOA insertion (emergency room or operating room) and the amount of PRBCs transfused in the first 24 h. Logistic regression (LR) was used to examine the association of LMICs and mortality. Results: A total of 817 trauma patients from 14 countries were included. Blind percutaneous approach and surgical cutdown were the preferred means of femoral cannulation in HICs and LIMCs, respectively. Patients from LMICs had a significantly higher occurrence of MODS and respiratory failure. LR showed no differences in mortality for LMICs when compared to HICs; neither in the non-matched cohort (OR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.36-1.09; p = 0.1) nor in the matched cohort (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 0.63-3,33; p = 0.3). Conclusion: There is considerable variation in the management practices of REBOA and the outcomes associated with this intervention between HICs and LMICs. Although we found significant differences in multiorgan and respiratory failure rates, there were no differences in the risk-adjusted odds of mortality between the groups analyzed. Trauma surgeons practicing REBOA around the world should joint efforts to standardize the practice of this endovascular technology worldwide
Somatic evolution following cancer treatment in normal tissue
No full textThe extent to which exogenous sources, including cancer treatment, contribute to somatic evolution in normal tissue remains unclear. Here we used high-depth duplex sequencing1 (more than 30,000× coverage) to analyse 168 cancer-free samples representing 16 organs from 22 patients with metastatic cancer enroled in the PEACE research autopsy study. In every sample, we identified somatic mutations (range 305-2,854 mutations) at low variant allele frequencies (median 0.0000323). We extracted 16 distinct single-base substitution mutational signatures, reflecting processes that have moulded the genomes of normal cells. We identified alcohol-induced mutation acquisition in liver, smoking-induced mutagenesis in lung and cardiac tissue, and multiple treatment-induced processes, which correlated with therapy type and duration. Exogenous sources, including treatment, underpinned, on average, more than 40% of mutations in liver but less than 10% of mutations in brain samples. Finally, we observed tissue-specific selection, with positive selection in tissues such as lung (PTEN and PIK3CA), liver (NF2L2) and spleen (BRAF and NOTCH2), and limited selection in others, such as brain and cardiac tissue. More than 25% of driver mutations in normal tissue exposed to systemic anti-cancer therapy, including in TP53, could be attributed to treatment. Immunotherapy, although not associated with increased mutagenesis, was linked to driver mutations in PPM1D and TP53, illustrating how non-mutagenic treatment can sculpt somatic evolution. Our study reveals the rich tapestry of mutational processes and driver mutations in normal tissue, and the profound effect of lifetime exposures, including cancer treatment, on somatic evolution
