13 research outputs found
Congruence patients - thérapeutes et dropout en psychiatrie ambulatoire publique
No full textDanielle Goerg, Eric Zbinden, Biaise Duvanel: Patient-therapist congruence and treatment dropouts in public outpatient psychiatry.
This study, which was undertaken in a public outpatient psychiatrie service, concerning new patients and their therapists, shows that the probability of treatment being abandoned is greater when the patients do not share the values of the psychiatrie institution and when there is poor congruence between patients and therapists concerning the definition of the problems and expectations. The findings that a number of patients however do stay in treatment in spite of the absence of congruence should probably be analyzed in terms that are structural rather than cultural.Résumé. L'étude entreprise dans un service de psychiatrie ambulatoire publique auprès de patients nouveaux cas et de leurs thérapeutes montre que les probabilités d'abandon de traitement sont plus grandes lorsque les patients ne partagent pas les valeurs de l'institution psychiatrique et lorsque la congruence est faible entre patients et thérapeutes dans les définitions des problématiques et des attentes. La constatation qu'un certain nombre de patients restent cependant en traitement malgré une absence de congruence devrait s'analyser sans doute en termes plus structurels que culturels.Danielle Goerg, Eric Zbinden, Biaise Duvanel : Congruencia entre pacientes y terapeutas en relación al abandono de la terapéutica en la siquiatría pública ambulatoria.
El estudio realizado en un servicio público de siquiatría, a partir de pacientes considerados como casos nuevos y de sus terapeutas, demuestra que las probabilidades de abandono del tratamiento crecen cuando los pacientes no comparten los valores de la institu- ciôn siquiâtrica y cuando pacientes y terapeutas poco concuerdan en sus definiciones de las problemâticas y expectativas. S in embargo, es probable que el hecho de que un cierto numéro de pacientes siguen el tratamiento aûn cuando no haya congruencia, tenga que ser analizado en términos mâs estructurales que culturales. tas, demuestra que las probabilidades de abandono del tratamiento crecen cuando los pacientes no comparten los valores de la institución siquiátrica y cuando pacientes y terapeutas poco concuerdan en sus definiciones de las problemáticas y expectativas. Sin embargo, es probable que el hecho de que un cierto número de pacientes siguen el tratamiento aún cuando no haya congruencia, tenga que ser analizado en términos más estructurales que culturales.Goerg Danielle, Zbinden Eric, Duvanel Blaise. Congruence patients - thérapeutes et dropout en psychiatrie ambulatoire publique. In: Sciences sociales et santé. Volume 8, n°3, 1990. pp. 49-71
Remerciements
No full textCes études offertes à Omar Carlier ont bénéficié du soutien du CESSMA (Centre d’études en sciences sociales sur les mondes africains, américains et asiatiques) et de l’IMAf (Institut des mondes africains). Nous tenions aussi à remercier les auteurs des études ainsi que Frédéric Abécassis, Bahri Afane, Paul Benoît, Richard Castanet, Danielle Cazala, Sophie Cœuré, Armelle Couvreur, Jacques Frémeaux, Odile Goerg, Gilbert Grandguillaume, Nancy Green, Alain Mahé, Thierry Michalon, Françoise Miche..
Local Residents' Perceptions of Tourism Development Impacts: The Case of Aqaba, Jordan
No full textABSTRACT
This study revolves around a rigorous investigation of the delicate balance between tourism development itself, and the considerable impacts that it has on the local society where, and when, it flourishes. Taking the city region of Aqaba (Jordan) as an example, the study aims to explore the residents’ perception(s) towards tourism development and how the community perceives the development impacts.
The main purpose of this study is to address the matters related to the local residents’ perceptions towards tourism development and its impacts on the Aqaba city region. Therefore, a study on Aqaba city was conducted to explore the following objectives: to identify, investigate, and evaluate the local residents’ perception of tourism and how it affects the socio-cultural, economic and environmental fields. It also investigates how these primary elements affect their personal and societal satisfaction, and examines the levels of awareness that local residents have of the tourism sector and tourists, as shown through their perceptions toward the most important touristic sites in their local area.
The study also discusses the degree of involvement that the local residents have in the tourism sector, by asking local investors and employees in tourism for their perceptions and opinions about the opportunities offered by tourism generally. Furthermore, the study has explored how residents perceive the jobs now available to them, and how they perceive women who decide to be involved and work in the sector. The final section deals with the considerations of the local community in the formation of tourism sector policies, by exploring the extent to which the government stimulates local entrepreneurship.
The study design and findings were primarily based on methods of interpretive and qualitative social studies. In a total of more than 55 qualitative interviews with heads of households, employees in the tourism sector, local investors, representatives of the local and national administration, as well as some additional expert interviews, the main patterns of the development of tourism in Aqaba and its perception have been identified. The results of the study show the need to qualify, educate and empower the local community, in order to participate effectively in the process of tourism development.
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The residents’ participants were divided into three groups: local residents (which include heads of households), employees and investors in the tourism sector, the national and local representatives’ authorities in the tourism sector, local and national experts, and international organisations which are operating in Aqaba.
The research utilized qualitative methods for social research, using the techniques of the problem- centred interview according to Witzel (1982), which deals with a brief questionnaire, dialogue guidelines, audio recordings and a postscript.
The fieldwork was carried out from January the 1st to the end of August 2017 in the Aqaba city sites. The spring and the summer are the best seasons to observe tourism activity and, accordingly, the community reactions towards tourism. In contrast, in June the number of tourists slowly declined until the end of August, at which point Jordanians working abroad return and Arab visitors begin to arrive due to the summer holidays.
Most interviews took place at the subjects’ workplaces and the duration varied from 45 minutes to an hour and a half. The interviews were located in the homes of personal friends and their relatives, making the process more comfortable and easier for everyone involved in an interview. The experts from Amman and other cities in Jordan were contacted directly by the author of this dissertation.
The process of interpreting qualitative data began from physically categorizing slips of paper to using a computer software program, such as the programme MAXQDA 10. After the completion of the interviews, the tape recordings and researcher notes were transcribed. Then the transcripts were categorized according to the responses of the participants to the interview, in order to help to determine the issues relating to the study problem.
The study discovered the following main outcomes: Firstly, the residents' perception towards tourism development has an impact on their relationship to the cultural and historical sites, however ill-defined. It has also been discovered that local residents have very poor awareness of cultural and historical sites in general, and the sites in their vicinity in particular. With concern to the residents’ attitudes towards tourism and tourists, the overall opinions and perceptions expressed by most of those interviewed show positive feelings about the presence of tourists in their city. That perception of tourists among most of
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the residents is enhanced by the levels of economic potential gained from tourism, along with a persistent supposition held by many local residents that ‘tourists are all wealthy people’.
The second issue deals with the economic impacts that tourism development has on the local residents near the tourist attractions in Aqaba, where many residents have become dependent on the tourism sector, and others have yet to see any significant economic benefit. The reason for this is that Aqaba is now considered the second most important tourist attraction in Jordan after Petra, thus many hotels have been developed, and the impacts of this development on the locals and their culture are still somewhat restricted. Some participants expressed the view that tourism does not contradict their religion in any way, while some of them fear the potential of negative impacts on the younger generations. In the context of the environmental impacts, the research shows that most of the residents at tourist sites have become increasingly aware of the cleanliness of the city sites due to tourism development, while also holding that the development of tourism to some extent is a type of modernity and does little harm to the environment.
Furthermore, some local residents’ perception toward the environmental impact of tourism and the satisfaction with the change in the residents' lives was recorded positively. However, careful consideration of the environmental impacts of tourism development is needed in order to sustain a balance between tourism development and the local residents’ satisfaction. The perceptions of the local residents are important and can directly affect the development of the tourism industry. In order to ensure the success of tourism planning, the involvement of the local residents in these areas is of utmost importance.
Moreover, the main reason for the government’s commitment to tourism development is due to the potential of creating new jobs. Regarding this, it was noteworthy to discover that on the local level of a resident of Aqaba city the tourism sector is still not yet looked upon as reasonable and suitable employment by resident job seekers. The main reasons behind these perceptions are the inadequate role of the present education and training centres, the low rate of wages paid to employees who do enter into tourism services and activities, the lack of health insurance and job security, and, to some extent, the traditions, beliefs and social values of the community.
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In addition, there are some fears which most of the interviewed residents have in recommending women for positions in the tourism sector. Reasons that lead to this attitude are the lack of awareness of the sector in general, the perceptions that the services or activities in the tourism sector may contradict the local customs or values, and the substantial fear that interaction with ‘tourism’ will affect gender relations in their community.
Furthermore, regarding the question if government regulations facilitate the inclusion of small and medium local investors, and therefore encourage further tourism investments and projects, many local investors stated that the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquity (MoTA) and the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA) are not doing enough to enhance their investments in tourism. They regularly added that tourism is managed primarily by favouritism and a lot of bureaucratic formalities.
A final note related to this study is that the interviewed residents feel largely excluded from the participation and planning process of tourism development, and that they state that the benefits for locals from tourism investments is subsequently very limited.
Regarding tourism planning and development at the tourist sites in Aqaba, the research shows a need for more public awareness of the importance of tourism, and its benefits and positive influences, in order to better manage and plan for the future. Thus, there is an obvious need for effective education and training centres for all groups of residents to improve the human resource development, and continue to support the small and medium enterprises and their products. Finally, there is a need for improving the knowledge, vision and interests of all residents in the planning and managing of projects purposed to develop the inclusion of local residents.
Based on its findings, this study argues that local residents’ perceptions are a vitally important factor in understanding their desires and needs regarding tourism development and its impacts in Aqaba. Moreover, based on the findings collected by this qualitative method, this research concludes that the local residents do indeed wish to have a real role in the tourism development, decision-making and management process. In fact, they want to see decisions about tourism development in their area made jointly by the Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA) and the local community. They wish to be involved in the benefits of hosting tourism and tourists. The community also wants to see a tourism impact which contributes positively towards poverty alleviation, the prices of goods and services,
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employment, entrepreneurial training, income-generating projects and generally household incomes. Aqaba residents look upon tourism development with the hope of it prospering in the future and to the improvement of everyone involved.
Finally, Aqaba is a cultural and historical tourist destination and, although cultural tourism is almost entirely dependent on the Small and Medium Entrepreneurs (SMEs), the tourism sector in Aqaba and Jordan, in general, are focusing on the international markets, which are represented by foreign investments in Amman, Aqaba and the Dead Sea. Thus, the study suggests considering this move of tourism policy towards local investments and assessing the impact of this process to the overall benefit of the tourism product
Facteurs liés aux douleurs du dos chez des employés d'une entreprise avec évaluation de l'effet d'une intervention préventive: 1990 - 1993
No full textEtude des facteurs sociaux, professionnels, biographiques et psychologiques liés aux lombalgies dans la population active d'une entreprise ainsi qu'à la consommation de soins et à l'absentéisme, évaluation de l'impact d'une intervention préventive primaire, analyse des processus de chronicisation et de déchronicisation des douleurs du dos. Problématique et hypothèses: impact des facteurs sociaux, professionnels, biographiques et psychologiques sur la santé en général et sur la santé du dos en particulier; stratégies d'adaptation des sujets aux maux de dos par la consommation de soins, l'absentéisme, les modifications des modes de vie; incidence des douleurs, en particulier chroniques, sur les différentes sphères de la vie; degré d'efficacité d'une intervention préventive; influence du système de santé sur la chronicisation des douleurs du dos.Study of the social, professional, biographical and psychological factors related to low back pain in the working population of a company as well as to the care consumption and absenteeism, evaluation of the impact of a primary preventive intervention, analysis of the processes of chronicisation and de-chronicisation of back pain. Problems and hypotheses: impact of social, occupational, biographical and psychological factors on health in general and on back health in particular; individual strategies for coping with back pain through care consumption, absenteeism, lifestyle changes; impact of pain, especially chronic pain, on different spheres of life; degree of effectiveness of preventive intervention; influence of the health system on chronic back pain
Diferenciación en las representaciones sociales de los trastornos mentales y los tratamientos psiquiátricos
No full textOptimizing Treatment Regimes to Hinder Antiviral Resistance in Influenza across Time Scales
No full textabstract: The large-scale use of antivirals during influenza pandemics poses a significant selection pressure for drug-resistant pathogens to emerge and spread in a population. This requires treatment strategies to minimize total infections as well as the emergence of resistance. Here we propose a mathematical model in which individuals infected with wild-type influenza, if treated, can develop de novo resistance and further spread the resistant pathogen. Our main purpose is to explore the impact of two important factors influencing treatment effectiveness: i) the relative transmissibility of the drug-resistant strain to wild-type, and ii) the frequency of de novo resistance. For the endemic scenario, we find a condition between these two parameters that indicates whether treatment regimes will be most beneficial at intermediate or more extreme values (e.g., the fraction of infected that are treated). Moreover, we present analytical expressions for effective treatment regimes and provide evidence of its applicability across a range of modeling scenarios: endemic behavior with deterministic homogeneous mixing, and single-epidemic behavior with deterministic homogeneous mixing and stochastic heterogeneous mixing. Therefore, our results provide insights for the control of drug-resistance in influenza across time scales.The article is published at http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.005952
Learning in networks: An experimental study using stationary concepts
No full textOur study analyzes theories of learning for strategic interactions in networks. Participants played two of the 2 x 2 games used by Selten and Chmura (2008) and in the comment by Brunner, Camerer and Goeree (2009). Every participant played against four neighbors and could choose a different strategy against each of them. The games were played in two network structures: a lattice and a circle. We compare our results with the predictions of different theories (Nash equilibrium, quantal response equilibrium, action-sampling equilibrium, payoff-sampling equilibrium, and impulse balance equilibrium) and the experimental results of Selten and Chmura (2008). One result is that the majority of players choose the same strategy against each neighbor. As another result we observe an order of predictive success for the stationary concepts that is different from the order shown by Selten and Chmura. This result supports our view that learning in networks is different from learning in random matching. --experimental economics,networks,learning
The Timing and Targeting of Treatment in Influenza Pandemics Influences the Emergence of Resistance in Structured Populations
No full textabstract: Antiviral resistance in influenza is rampant and has the possibility of causing major morbidity and mortality. Previous models have identified treatment regimes to minimize total infections and keep resistance low. However, the bulk of these studies have ignored stochasticity and heterogeneous contact structures. Here we develop a network model of influenza transmission with treatment and resistance, and present both standard mean-field approximations as well as simulated dynamics. We find differences in the final epidemic sizes for identical transmission parameters (bistability) leading to different optimal treatment timing depending on the number initially infected. We also find, contrary to previous results, that treatment targeted by number of contacts per individual (node degree) gives rise to more resistance at lower levels of treatment than non-targeted treatment. Finally we highlight important differences between the two methods of analysis (mean-field versus stochastic simulations), and show where traditional mean-field approximations fail. Our results have important implications not only for the timing and distribution of influenza chemotherapy, but also for mathematical epidemiological modeling in general. Antiviral resistance in influenza may carry large consequences for pandemic mitigation efforts, and models ignoring contact heterogeneity and stochasticity may provide misleading policy recommendations.The article is published at http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.100291
Role of atrial natriuretic factor, cyclic GMP and the renin-aldosterone-system in acute volume regulation of healthy human subjects
No full textSurrealism, photography and the periodical press: an investigation into the use of photography in surrealist publications (1924 - 1969) with specific reference to themes of sexuality and their interaction with commercial photographic images of the period
No full textThis thesis examines the use of photographs in surrealist publications in Paris between 1924 and 1969, analysing how images functioned both in relation to surrealism and a wider cultural, social and political context. The thesis contends that developments in the illustrated press had a substantial impact on surrealist publications and that commercial photographic practices were both exploited and subverted by the group. I defend this assertion by demonstrating how photographers associated with the surrealist movement in its formative years, were closely involved in the process by which the photographic image became a major means of communication. I argue that the surrealists were conscious that photography was central to the circulation of ideas and developed a radical notion of the illustration of text. The thesis examines how photographs used in surrealist publications were integrated into the complex surrealist project and how due to the currency in images in society, the medium offered opportunities for disruption. In each of the five chapters I examine the surrealist deployment of photographic images to articulate cultural and political radicalism. The thesis argues that the photographs published by the surrealists made an important contribution to contemporary discourse on sexuality This thesis makes an original contribution to knowledge as it expands the understanding of photographs published by the surrealist group by exploring their relationship to contemporary commercial images circulating in the press. It analyses works that have been marginalised, many of the images in the first two journals in the inter war period, the images in the illustrated books 1929, Banalité, Le septième face du dé and the images in the post war journals have been neglected as subjects of study
