30 research outputs found
Farny, Daniel Henry (Birth, 1908-02-20)
No full textAddress: Straight657/Pg 17/1908/M W/Ger/Cinti/Dr. A. GaitherOriginal record filed in drawer labeled 'EWRY-FARRICK'
Correction to: Gel‐like inclusions of C‐terminal fragments of TDP‐43 sequester stalled proteasomes in neurons (EMBO reports, (2022), 23, 6, (e53890), 10.15252/embr.202153890)
No full text(Figure presented.)</p
Financial integration within the European Union: Towards a single market for insurance
No full textOur study analyses the extent of integration of the EU market for life and non-life insurance. The main integration indicator used is the market share (premium based) of foreign companies in domestic markets. For the calculation of this indicator, three different kinds of foreign presence are taken into account: foreign presence through merger and acquisitions, through branches and agencies and direct cross-border sales without physical presence. Whereas the static view reveals a high degree of national fragmentation the dynamic view indicates advancing integration. The results also show that integration is even less advanced for life than for non-life insurance and that mergers and acquisitions are the dominant strategy to access a foreign market. Besides summarising the liberalisation history of the European insurance sector and discussing consumer benefits from further integration, the study contributes to a better understanding of obstacles to insurance market integration.European Financial Integration; Insurance Sector; Internal Market
The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Small Businesses: A Case Study of the Entrepreneurial Coping Strategies in the hardest hit industries in Finland
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has hit small businesses especially hard with lockdown measures and limitations to operating models. As a response, businesses have cut back on costs, attempted to op-
erate per usual and some have found new revenue streams. These can be categorized as entrepreneurial coping strategies. However, what factors influencing the adoption of these strategies and understanding of the most successful coping strategy in the short term is unclear. Finding the answer to this provides practical benefits for other small businesses going through a pandemic crisis.
This qualitative study explores the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Finnish small business in some of the hardest hit industries, including services such as restaurants and hospitality. Through
the investigation of relevant literature and the application of multiple case studies aiming to understand the adverse effects of the pandemic on these industries, the businesses entrepreneurial coping strategies, and resources available for survival and ideally thriving, the “what”, “how”, and by “what
means” can be explored.
The study aims to answer the research questions: (1) “What entrepreneurial coping strategies have SMEs in Finland adopted during the Coronavirus pandemic?”, (2.1) “What adverse effects has the Coronavirus pandemic cause for SMEs in Finland?”, and (2.2) “What policy measures enable and constrain the implementation of entrepreneurial coping strategies during the Coronavirus pandemic?”
The qualitative case study approach includes seven semi-structured interviews, which were conducted among the top executives or management of the various organizations. The interviewees were identified with purposeful and convenience sampling strategy through a personal network and LinkedIn. Additionally, secondary data was utilized to find further information on interviewees.
The results and analysis of the results indicate that a combination of entrepreneurial coping strategies is often adopted after the initial shock of the crisis. The strategies include the combination of retrenchment, perseverance, and innovation, where those that adopted an innovation strategy tend
to survive and succeed better at the time. Even so, retrenchment was often visible at the start, whereas perseverance was more fluid. The businesses saw major adverse effects through furloughs, decline in customers, liquidity issues, for example. The actions by the government clearly provided an ease of mind for the struggling businesses and, in fact, enabled innovation. However, the lockdown measures clearly forced businesses to change operational practices.
Further, this research mostly agrees with and adds to existing research on 1) strategic and crisis management 2) SME (crisis) research and 3) COVID-19 crisis and policy research. The study provides practical measures companies can take to survive the pandemic
EVALUASI IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PAUD TERPADU DI TK NEGERI 1 PEMBINA SAMARINDA
No full textThis evaluation study aims to determine the effectiveness of the implementation program for the integration of early childhood in the 1 Trustees State Kindergarten in 2017/2018. The evaluation study was chosen as a research method, using the CIPPO Model from Daniel Stufflebeam developed by Gilbbert Sax. This study uses multi techniques and instruments to collect data and analyze data using descriptive statistics and qualitative techniques. The results of the study show: (1) Component Context: TK 1 Country Pembina Samarinda has several legal documents of all implementations. Parental and community support has been shown well, so the perspective of managers who register for implementation shows that they are developing programs. (2) Input Components: student groups are relevant to age. The qualifications and number of teachers are relevant to the criteria. TK Negeri 1 Pembina Samarinda has very complete resources, but does not have natural resources. Financial reports show good results from resource financing. Planning the implementation of the program shows the relevance of the criteria. (3) Process Components: Implementation of reference for children's development milestones and BCCT concepts. There are some disabled children who cannot adapt to learning. In the evaluation refer to Permendikbud Number 137, 146, and 31 of 2014 and a milestone in the development of children. (4) Product Components: Reports on research results indicate school development and readiness. (5). Component of Results (outcome): The perspective of elementary school teachers shows that graduates of Samarinda State 1 Kindergarten Kindergarten have adapted in the learning process in grade 1 elementary school
Gel-like inclusions of C-terminal fragments of TDP-43 sequester and inhibit proteasomes in neurons
No full textCongenic expression of poly-GA but not poly-PR in mice triggers selective neuron loss and interferon responses found in <em>C9orf72</em> ALS.
No full textExpansion of a (G(4)C(2))(n)repeat inC9orf72causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but the link of the five repeat-encoded dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins to neuroinflammation, TDP-43 pathology, and neurodegeneration is unclear. Poly-PR is most toxic in vitro, but poly-GA is far more abundant in patients. To directly compare these in vivo, we created congenic poly-GA and poly-PR mice. 40% of poly-PR mice were affected with ataxia and seizures, requiring euthanasia by 6 weeks of age. The remaining poly-PR mice were asymptomatic at 14 months of age, likely due to an 80% reduction of the transgene mRNA in this subgroup. In contrast, all poly-GA mice showed selective neuron loss, inflammation, as well as muscle denervation and wasting requiring euthanasia before 7 weeks of age. In-depth analysis of peripheral organs and blood samples suggests that peripheral organ failure does not drive these phenotypes. Although transgene mRNA levels were similar between poly-GA and affected poly-PR mice, poly-GA aggregated far more abundantly than poly-PR in the CNS and was also found in skeletal muscle. In addition, TDP-43 and other disease-linked RNA-binding proteins co-aggregated in rare nuclear inclusions in the hippocampus and frontal cortex only in poly-GA mice. Transcriptome analysis revealed activation of an interferon-responsive pro-inflammatory microglial signature in end-stage poly-GA but not poly-PR mice. This signature was also found in all ALS patients and enriched inC9orf72cases. In summary, our rigorous comparison of poly-GA and poly-PR toxicity in vivo indicates that poly-GA, but not poly-PR at the same mRNA expression level, promotes interferon responses inC9orf72disease and contributes to TDP-43 abnormalities and neuron loss selectively in disease-relevant regions
Acoustic sensing of renal stone fragmentation in extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
No full textThis thesis describes the research carried out by the author on the exploitation of acoustic emissions
detected during extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (a non-invasive procedure for the treatment of
urinary stones) to develop a new diagnostic system. The work formed part of a research project on
lithotripsy undertaken by the University of Southampton in collaboration with Guy's and St Thomas'
NHS Foundation Trust (London) and a UK based company, Precision Acoustics Ltd (Dorchester). It
takes to a clinical conclusion the proposition made by Leighton and Coleman in 1992 that it might be
possible to build a sensor which would automatically exploit these passive acoustic emissions to
monitor the efficacy of a lithotripsy treatment. The work, predominantly experimental, involved both
in vitro and in vivo investigations. In particular, a first prototype diagnostic system (i.e. sensor plus
analysis software) was developed and tested in vitro during trials which included the use of a novel
cavitation sensor (on loan from the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington) and stone phantoms
designed by the author. This initial system was, then, refined and tested during clinical trials that
involved 130 patients. A preliminary trial on 51 patients aimed at refining the system and gathering
knowledge on the features of emissions recorded in vivo to produce an on-line monitoring system.
This trial was followed by other two trials that compared the output of the on-line acoustic system
against the ‘gold standard’ X-Ray assessment of treatments outcomes. The former of these two trials
involved 30 patients, and empirically defined the values of the key parameters (identified during the
in vitro tests) that would be used as the basis of the diagnosis. In particular, a classification rule of
treatments as being successful or unsuccessful was identified, and shown to agree significantly
(kappa=0.95) with the ‘gold standard’ follow-up assessment. The latter trial tested the final system
on 49 patients and confirmed an accurate treatment classification (kappa=0.94) in terms of the
successful/unsuccessful criterion
Gel-like inclusions of C-terminal fragments of TDP-43 sequester stalled proteasomes in neurons
No full textAggregation of the multifunctional RNA-binding protein TDP-43 defines large subgroups of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and fronto-temporal dementia and correlates with neurodegeneration in both diseases. In disease, characteristic C-terminal fragments of similar to 25 kDa ("TDP-25") accumulate in cytoplasmic inclusions. Here, we analyze gain-of-function mechanisms of TDP-25 combining cryo-electron tomography, proteomics, and functional assays. In neurons, cytoplasmic TDP-25 inclusions are amorphous, and photobleaching experiments reveal gel-like biophysical properties that are less dynamic than nuclear TDP-43. Compared with full-length TDP-43, the TDP-25 interactome is depleted of low-complexity domain proteins. TDP-25 inclusions are enriched in 265 proteasomes adopting exclusively substrate-processing conformations, suggesting that inclusions sequester proteasomes, which are largely stalled and no longer undergo the cyclic conformational changes required for proteolytic activity. Reporter assays confirm that TDP-25 impairs proteostasis, and this inhibitory function is enhanced by ALS-causing TDP-43 mutations. These findings support a pathophysiological relevance of proteasome dysfunction in ALS/FTD
Moral hazard in a mutual health-insurance system: German Knappschaften, 1867-1914
No full textThis paper studies moral hazard in a sickness-insurance fund that provided the model for social-insurance schemes around the world. The German Knappschaften were formed in the medieval period to provide sickness, accident, and death benefits for miners. By the mid-nineteenth century, participation in the Knappschaft was compulsory for workers in mines and related occupations, and the range and generosity of benefits had expanded considerably. Each Knappschaft was locally controlled and self-funded, and their admirers saw in them the ability to use local knowledge and good incentives to deliver benefits at low cost. The Knappschaft underlies Bismarck’s sickness and accident insurance legislation (1883 and 1884), which in turn forms the basis of the German social-insurance system today and, indirectly, many social-insurance systems around the world. This paper focuses on a problem central to any insurance system, and one that plagued the Knappschaften as they grew larger in the later nineteenth century: the problem of moral hazard. Replacement pay for sick miners made it attractive, on the margin, for miners to invent or exaggerate conditions that made it impossible for them to work. Here we outline the moral hazard problem the Knappschaften faced as well as the internal mechanisms they devised to control it. We then use econometric models to demonstrate that those mechanisms were at best imperfect.sickness insurance, moral hazard, Knappschaft, social insurance
