1,720,985 research outputs found
Rappresentazione dello spazio ed egocentrismo percettivo
Full text linkThis paper presents the results of a research on perspective taking, aimed to investigate two specific themes: the age when the child leaves perceptive egocentrism, and gender differences in the management of spatial reference systems. The innovative contribution of this work is that it has addressed the issue with a not abused tool for this field: the videogame, which has been the data collecting instrument for the experimental research project. The paper addresses the issue of the representation of space in the child, from Piaget to neurosciences, describing the reference systems competing in the representation of space and the Piagetian conceptual framework, and reporting the scientific debate on the "three mountains task" and the spatial theory of empathy. Once described the conceptual framework, the text presents the research design, the path for design and development of the videogame, the methods for data collection and discusses the results obtained. The experimental process has led to observe how the cognitive processes involved in space representation are processes also involved in the management of inter- subjective relationship modes. The age range 6-7 years and 12-13 years is the period in which the child learns the change of point of view, in the literal sense, and, in a broad sense, realizes that the world can not be seen one way, that space can be manipulated, that it is possible to consider the thoughts and emotions of others. It is the age in which the capacity for empathy develops, understood as the ability to see the world through the eyes of others.L’articolo presenta i risultati di una ricerca sulla rappresentazione dello spazio e sul perspective taking in età evolutiva, volta ad indagare due temi specifici: l’età in cui il bambino abbandona, di norma, l’egocentrismo percettivo, e le differenze di genere nella gestione dei sistemi di riferimento spaziale. Il lavoro affronta il tema con uno strumento non abusato per questo campo, un videogame, progettato e sviluppato ad hoc, che ha costituito lo strumento di raccolta dei dati per il progetto di ricerca sperimentale. Il lavoro inizialmente approfondisce il tema della rappresentazione dello spazio nel bambino, da Piaget alle neuroscienze, descrivendo i sistemi di riferimento concorrenti nella rappresentazione dello spazio, l’impianto concettuale piagetiano, riportando il dibattito scientifico sulle “tre montagne” e sulla teoria spaziale dell’empatia. Descritto il framework concettuale, il testo illustra il disegno di ricerca, il percorso di design e sviluppo del videogame, la modalità di raccolta dei dati e discute i risultati ottenuti. Il percorso sperimentale ha portato a constatare come i processi cognitivi coinvolti nelle attività peculiari di rappresentazione dello spazio siano processi coinvolti nella gestione delle modalità di relazione intersoggettiva. La fascia di età compresa tra 6-7 anni e 12-13 anni è il periodo in cui il bambino apprende il cambiamento di punto di vista, in senso letterale e, in accezione ampia, realizza che il mondo non può essere visto a senso unico, che lo spazio si può manipolare, che è possibile prendere in considerazione i pensieri e le emozioni altrui. È l'età in cui si sviluppa la capacità di empatia, intesa come la capacità di rimanere se stessi mettendosi al posto degli altri posto di altri, per vedere il mondo con gli occhi altrui
Physical education during the first school cycle: A brief social psycho-pedagogical summary
No full textThe article investigates the educational value of physical activity and the condition of the relationship between physical activity and learning in childhood, highlighting the need of motor space, as a potential place of education and formation of the personality. It is discussed the interdependence aspect between physical activity and learning in the evolutionary path of the child, but above all it is given a certain pedagogical importance of the playful activity, as the most important source of learning and relationship, which allows the child to transform reality according to his inner needs and to realize its potential. The child feels the need to recuperate space and time to the playful-motor activity, because it is thanks to it that shows the true communication between children and the world around. The aim of the theoretical argumentative study is to summarize the meaning and overall aspects of the physical-motor-sport of the educative value of education through a linear bibliographic review that would give prominence to the complexity of the study in this field. The importance of physical activity is unquestionable, especially in childhood and preadolescent to the particular interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary nature of knowledge about the body and movement
Situation awareness in sports science: Beyond the cognitive paradigm | [Situacijska svijest u sportskoj nauci: Van kognitivne paradigme]
No full textn sports, the awareness that cognitive-perceptual abilities, such as anticipation, decision-making, and
awareness of the situation are prerequisites for excellent performance is increasingly spread. Experienced
athletes develop, as a result of a long practice, sophisticated task-specific knowledge structures that enable
them to deal with situations more effectively and efficiently than others. Elite athletes, for example, selectively
perform a visual scan of the scene, focusing their attention on relevant sources and discarding irrelevant
information at the same time. Additionally, experienced athletes are more aware of events that can be
probabilistically occurring in a given situation and are able to capture contextual signals that can facilitate
predicting future events. These skills act in complementarity with a vast repertoire of strategies and tactics
available and with the knowledge of their rapid speediness in a given situatio
BMI e percezione dell’attività fisica: studio di correlazione
No full textThe development of obesity is a complex problem, conditioned by heterogeneous factors. Despite the impressive amount of research, the phenomenon is difficult to investigate, due to the inadequacy of quantitative methods to assess the negative spiral that triggers between self-efficacy perception and physical activity levels. The present study uses tools from quantitative research relating to conditional motor skills and tools coming from qualitative research relating to psychological factors. The hypothesis is that overweight affects not only motor performance, but also related psychological factors (perceived self-efficacy and enjoyment). The survey was conducted on a group of 177 adolescents (85 males and 92 females) aged between 14 and 18 years in the Puglia region. The subjects, once the quantitative tests were carried out, completed the PAQ_C scales (levels of physical activity in the last week), PACES (Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale) and Motor Self-efficacy questionnaire. Attested a negative relationship between overweight and motor tests results, a Spearman ranks correlation analysis was carried out to investigate the BMI relationship with the scores obtained at the qualitative scales. A negative correlation was identified between BMI and the scores of scales for all subjects (rs = -0.03; -0.15; -0.09 for PAQ_C, PACES and SEM). Based on the analysis of the collected data, adolescents with a high BMI have a high probability of developing adverse perceptions of their effectiveness and facing a high risk of sedentary behavior
Tactis-based water polo training
No full textNotational analysis quantifies the technical and tactical playing aspects of a game through game-related statistics based mainly on frequencies and effectiveness percentages (Lozovina et al., 2004). Several studies applied the notational analysis technique to water polo (Argudo et al., 2007; Hughes et al., 2006). This work concerns the assessment of tactical aspects in high performance water polo trough performance analysis. The analysis was conducted on 9 matches of the Italian Serie A1 Women's Water Polo played by Volturno. Tactical patterns suggested by the coach were compared with tactical patterns implemented during the game and to actions outcome, in order to acquire elements useful to create a codified tactic system. The results showed a positive correlation between the compliance of tactical patterns implemented during playing with patterns designed by the coach and the final outcome of the action. The data recruitment has been entrusted to the performance analysis, conducted by a team of performance analysts, coaches and statisticians. The video analysis of matches was conducted using the Dartfish TeamPro software. The measurement involved the following technical and tactical parameters: frequency of occurrence of actions, time duration, average number of players involved and passes, frequency of occurrence of turnovers, and frequency of occurrence of number, result, position and type of conclusions. The assessment of compliance for the tactical patterns has prescribed by the coach with the tactical patterns implemented in training session, based on previously determined parameters. The performance analysis was performed to evaluate parameters as frequency of occurrence of actions, time duration, number, result, position and type of shots in relation to tactical patterns, and an evaluation table was constructed by combining the Boolean evaluation of the coach on the compliance of patterns with the action final outcome. The results show a positive and statistically significant correlation coefficient between tactical compliance and action outcome. The result showed a significant correlation between the tactical patterns compliance and offensive effectiveness. This correlation confirmed the need of developing a common methodology for teaching and training water polo through tactics
Motor imagery, perspective taking and gender differences: A VVIQ2-based study
Full text linkScientific literature highlighted gender differences in spatial orientation. In particular, men and women differ in terms of the navigational processes they use in daily life. Scientific literature highlighted that women use analytical strategies while men tend to use holistic strategies. Furthermore, studies exploring gender differences in self-reported dream perspectives reported that women dream mainly in first person and men mainly in third person. This work used Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire-2 to verify if gender differences in perspective taking last also in motor imagery practice. The aim of VVIQ2 questionnaire is to determine the vividness of movement imagery. In the VVIQ2, the image can be obtained watching oneself while performing the movement from an external point of view (External Visual Imagery), or from an internal point of view, as if you were looking out through your own eyes while performing the movement (Internal Visual Imagery). The Questionnaire was administered to students of Sports Sciences Degree from University of Salern
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