117,458 research outputs found
Spoken discourse segmentation and the paradox of discourse markers.
No full textIn this talk I will give an overview of my work on spoken discourse segmentation and on discourse markers in order to explore further research avenues about what is so specific about the discourse level, i.e. to make progress in investigating why discourse is a crucial notion for understanding human communication (Sanders & Spooren, 2007), even more whether it is the case that “Discourse is what makes us human” (Graesser, Millis, and Zwaan, 1997). The paradox of discourse markers On the level of the sentence (syntax and semantics), DMs are optional, they are not even considered as a (morpho-)syntactic category, but in human communication they are obligatory (in the sense of Diewald 2011). Thus, human communication (in any context) is not possible without DMs. It follows that the study of DMs should learn us more about the underlying cognitive and functional principles of human communication, i.e. as indices of fundamental cognitive processing during (spoken) language production. The iconoclastic idea I would like to raise is: Are DMs indices of egocentricity in language, i.e. as speaker-oriented traces of discourse planning rather than as hearer-oriented signals as they are mainly conceived as in (written) discourse processing? How could this question be empirically and experimentally investigated? Basic Discourse Units Discourse segmentation in units is a crucial process in order to understand discourse production and comprehension. We developed a method for segmenting spoken discourse in Basic Discourse Units (BDUs), based on the interaction between syntactic units (dependency clauses) and prosodic units (major intonation units). BDUs result from the coincidence of syntactic and prosodic boundaries, corresponding to distinct but complementary linguistic encodings. This mapping gives rise to different types of discourse units (congruent, syntax-bound, intonation-bound, regulatory) (Degand & Simon 2009a, Simon & Degand, 2011). Thus, our claim is that the prosody-syntax interface gives rise to a distinct discursive level of analysis contributing to the unfolding (linear) discourse, e.g. in the form of different discursive strategies (Degand & Simon, 2009b; Martin, Degand, & Simon 2014). The BDU segmentation has been applied to a corpus of spoken French, LOCAS-F (Degand, Martin & Simon, 2014; Degand & Simon, in prep.) comprising 14 different speech situations (political debate, interview, spontaneous conversation, conference, …). The data is now available to explore whether these BDUs have cognitive validity in production and/or comprehension. Here too, methodological feedback is welcome. References Degand, L. & Simon, A.C. (2009a). On identifying basic discourse units in speech: theoretical and empirical issues. Discours 4 (online-journal). [available online at URL: http://discours.revues.org/index54.html] Degand, L. & Simon, Anne Catherine (2009b). Mapping prosody and syntax as a strategic choice. Dagmar Barth-Weingarten, Nicole Dehé, and Anne Wichmann (eds). Where Prosody Meets Pragmatics. Bangalore: Emerald. [Studies in Pragmatics, Volume 8], 79-105. Degand, Liesbeth, Laurence J. Martin, and Anne-Catherine Simon. 2014. “Unités discursives de base et leur périphérie gauche dans LOCAS-F, un corpus oral multigenres annoté.” In CMLF 2014 - 4ème Congrès Mondial de Linguistique Française 2014, edited by EDP Sciences. Berlin, Allemagne. Diewald, Gabriele. 2011. “Pragmaticalization (defined) as Grammaticalization of Discourse Functions.” Linguistics 49 (2): 365–90. doi:doi: 10.1515/LING.2011.011. Graesser, Arthur C, Keith K. Millis, and Rolf A. Zwaan. 1997. “Discourse Comprehension.” Annual Review of Psychology 48: 163–89. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.163. Martin, Laurence J., Degand, Liesbeth & Simon, Anne Catherine. (2014). Forme et fonction de la périphérie gauche dans un corpus oral multigenres annoté. Corpus 13. 243-265. [available on-line : http://corpus.revues.org/2154] Sanders, Ted, and Wilbert Spooren. 2007. “Discourse and Text Structure.” In Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics, D. Geeraerts & H. Cuykens, 916–43. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Simon, Anne Catherine & Degand, Liesbeth (2011). L’analyse en unités discursives de base : pourquoi et comment ? Langue française 170, 45-59
On the use of automatic techniques to determine the semantics of connectives in large newspaper corpora: an exploratory study
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Square Dancing with the Stars to Enhance Dynamic Hirschman Linkages?
No full textIn this Presidential Address, the author takes the reader on a reconnaissance of his life and time as a regional scientist. He points out scenery he found scintillating along the way, hoping that some may pick up the banner and chew on a few of the ideas for a while. He suggests a revisit to Albert O. Hirschman’s notion of key sectors and more empirical analysis related to Marcus Berliant’s and Masahisa Fujita’s notion of knowledge creation and transfer.Presidential Address, San Antonio, Texas, March 29, 2014 (53rd Meetings of the Southern Regional Science Association
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
C bien alors. Contraintes communicatives sur la périphérie droite en conversations spontanées : le cas du face-à-face, du chat et du SMS (Uygur-Distexhe D. e Degand L.)
No full textlangage, chat, sm
Letter from unknown writer to Jesse L. Boyce
No full textLetter to Jesse L. Boyce from unknown author (possibly Jack) about the investigation into the powder magazine located in the Grand Canyon. Some personal news is included in the letter such as the writer's marriage to the daughter of C.A. Taylor, former Supervisor of Cochise County
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Sarah L. Blum Author Visit - Warrior Nurse: PTSD and Healing
No full textHear Sarah L. Blum, author of Women Under Fire: Abuse in the Military, discuss her newest book, Warrior Nurse: PTSD and Healing followed by a Q&A and book signing.
Sarah L. Blum is a decorated Vietnam veteran who served as an operating room nurse during the intense fighting of 1967. In recognition of her service, she was awarded the Army Commendation Medal.
Sponsored by CWU Veterans Center and CWU Libraries.https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/libraryevents/1252/thumbnail.jp
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