2,609 research outputs found
Quantum state protection using all-optical feedback
No full textAn all-optical feedback scheme in which the output of a cavity mode is used
to influence the dynamics of another cavity mode is considered. We show that
under ideal conditions, perfect preservation against decoherence of a generic
quantum state of the source mode can be achieved.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the Dan Walls Memorial Volume,
edited by H. Carmichael, R. Glauber, and M. Scully, to be published by
Springe
Professional sports economics and competitive balance. Limits of a very used approach: "noll-Scully measure of Competitive Balance"
No full textL'équilibre compétitif constitue un concept fondateur de l'économie du sport professionnel. Il postule un lien central entre l'incertitude du résultat et la demande du public. La mesure la plus utilisée dans la littérature est l'approche « Noll-Scully ». Elle confronte l'écart dans le classement des équipes entre le réel observé et le théorique idéal compte tenu du nombre de matchs. L'objet de cette contribution est de discuter la pertinence de l'approche. Après un aperçu de la littérature, la 2e partie aborde les points d'achoppement que sont son objectif (intégrer l'influence du nombre de matchs) et sa formulation (incorporer une valeur théorique idéale). L'article oriente ensuite la discussion sur une mesure alternative susceptible d'éviter les lacunes de l'approche « Noll-Scully »
Marginal revenue product and salaries: Moneyball redux
No full textScully (1974) used a two equation regression model to estimate a baseball player’s salary to compare to the actual salary the player earned in order to determine if a player is paid his net marginal revenue product. We replicate the spirit of that paper, but introduce several useful innovations to estimate net marginal revenue products for a large sample of free-agent baseball players. Our results suggest that the highest paid free agents are overpaid, while all other free agents are underpaid or paid appropriately. We found no evidence for the notion that some clubs may be more adept at finding “bargain” free agents.net marginal revenue product; free agents; baseball
Searching for traces of Planck-scale physics with high energy neutrinos
No full textHigh-energy cosmic neutrino observations provide a sensitive test of Lorentz invariance violation (LIV), which may be a consequence of quantum gravity theories. We consider a class of nonrenormalizable, Lorentz invariance violating operators that arise in an effective field theory (EFT) description of Lorentz invariance violation in the neutrino sector inspired by Planck-scale physics and quantum gravity models. We assume a conservative generic scenario for the redshift distribution of extragalactic neutrino sources and employ Monte Carlo techniques to describe superluminal neutrino propagation, treating kinematically allowed energy losses of superluminal neutrinos caused by both vacuum pair emission (VPE) and neutrino splitting. We consider EFTs with both nonrenormalizable CPT -odd and nonrenormalizable CPT -even operator dominance. We then compare the spectra derived using our Monte Carlo calculations in both cases with the spectrum observed by IceCube in order to determine the implications of our results regarding Planck-scale physics. We find that if the dropoff in the neutrino flux above similar to 2 PeV is caused by Planck-scale physics, rather than by a limiting energy in the source emission, a potentially significant pileup effect would be produced just below the dropoff energy in the case of CPT -even operator dominance. However, such a clear dropoff effect would not be observed if the CPT -odd, CPT -violating term dominates
Polyphenols, oral health and disease: A review
No full textObjective: Polyphenols (PPs) are reactive metabolites abundant in plant-derived foods, particularly fruits, seeds and leaves. In the tissues of the digestive tract, particularly the oral mucosa, active PPs reach the highest concentration. Although excessively high and monotonic intake may be toxic (such an effect is countered by salivary proline-rich proteins), PPs exert preventive activity against infectious and degenerative diseases and may also help prevent oral diseases, via mechanisms like antioxidant activity and neutralisation/modulation of human/bacterial/viral proteins/enzymes. This review seeks to investigate the preventive PP activity against oral diseases. Methods: Studies published during the last 15 years were searched using MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE. The quality of evidence was rated using the three-point scale used by the US Preventive Services Task Force to assess the merits of preventive measures. Results: Consistent, well-designed, epidemiological, animal and in vitro studies directly and indirectly support the preventive PP effect against oral cancer with good evidence. Consistent studies showing that PPs inactivate periodontal pathogens and increase antioxidant capacity of oral fluids, suggest a preventive effect against periodontal disease with fair evidence. Animal and in vitro studies showing that PPs decrease mutans streptococci virulence and dental plaque accumulation, suggest a preventive effect against dental caries with fair evidence. Meta-analysing clinical trials on subjects refraining from oral hygiene, PP-containing mouthrinses decrease mutans streptococci level by almost 50% and Plaque Index score. Conclusions: Regular and frequent PP intake may help protect against oral cancer, while human studies are needed to confirm the promising preventive activity against periodontal disease and caries. (D 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Motors and Impossible Firing Patterns in the Parallel Chip-Firing Game
No full textThe parallel chip-firing game is an automaton on graphs in which vertices “fire” chips to their neighbors. This simple model contains much emergent complexity and has many connections to different areas of mathematics. In this work, we study firing sequences, which describe each vertex's interaction with its neighbors in this game. First, we introduce the concepts of motors and motorized games. Motors both generalize the game and allow us to isolate local behavior of the (ordinary) game. We study the effects of motors connected to a tree and show that motorized games can be transformed into ordinary games if the motor's firing sequence occurs in some ordinary game. Then, we completely characterize the periodic firing sequences that can occur in an ordinary game, which have a surprisingly simple combinatorial description
AN APPLICATION OF THE KEKUL\'E MODEL TO A CONDENSED AROMATIC SYSTEM: NAPHTHALENE
No full textScully, D. B. and Whiffen, D. H., Spectrochim, Acta 16, 1409 (1961). Freeman, D. E. and Ross, I. G. Spectrochim, Acta 16, 1393 (1961).Author Institution: Chemical Physics Research Laboratory, The Dow Chemical CompanyAn extension of the Urey-Bradley force field for aromatic rings has been applied to a calculation of the planner vibration fundamentals of naphthalene, using only sixteen force constants transferred from benzene. The results of a zero-order calculation are compared with those obtained from an unmodified UBFF and these are in turn, compared with the assignments proposed by Scully and and Freeman and $Ross.^{2}
The Existence and Persistence of a Winner’s Curse: New Evidence from the (Baseball) Field
No full textThis study takes advantage of recent developments in the measurement and valuation of individual output in the baseball labor market to (i) reassess prior evidence that this market is afflicted by the winner’s curse phenomenon and (ii) test whether bidders learn to avoid this curse over time. Though we find no evidence of negative average returns on player contracts for the earliest cohort of baseball free agents, we conclude that teams in that era failed to efficiently discount their bids in accord with available information, especially about risk. What is more, evidence from a larger sample of players signed in the late 1990s shows that teams have continued to overvalue inconsistent free agents and failed to limit their bids to conform to players’ lower values in small markets. This is consistent with experimental evidence that finds bounded-rational behavior when bidders are faced with complex valuation problems involving multiple elements.market efficiency, bounded rationality, overbidding
Welcher-Weg Experiment (Compendium entry)
No full textThis is an entry to the Compendium of Quantum Physics, edited by F Weinert, K Hentschel and D Greenberger, to be published by Springer-Verlag
Recent Decisions
No full textComments on recent decisions by Francis W. Collopy, William J. Verdonk, Vincent C. A. Scully, John F. Mendoza, James L. O\u27Brien, Bernard L. Weddel, William B. Wombacher, Thomas L. Smith, Henry M. Shine, Jr., James D. Matthews, Clifford A. Goodrich, Jr., Wilmer L. McLaughlin, and William M. Dickson
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