1,242 research outputs found
Cobertura e fatores associados aos exames de detecção precoce do câncer de colo do útero e mama em Florianópolis, SC, 2009: um estudo transversal de base populacional
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Florianópolis, 2010Introdução: a detecção precoce do câncer de colo de útero e mama, através do exame de Papanicolaou e da mamografia, é a principal estratégia para a redução das taxas de morbi/mortalidade destas neoplasias. Objetivos: Identificar a cobertura do Papanicolaou e da mamografia e os fatores associados em mulheres adultas do município de Florianópolis, SC. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional com amostragem aleatória por conglomerados, realizado com mulheres de 20 a 59 anos de idade, residentes na zona urbana de Florianópolis (SC) em 2009. Realizou-se entrevistas domiciliares, utilizando-se um questionário estruturado constituído por questões relacionadas aos aspectos demográficos, socioeconômicos, condições e comportamentos de saúde, uso e acesso aos serviços de saúde, além do registro quanto ao relato de realização dos exames de Papanicolaou e mamografia. Os desfechos investigados foram a cobertura do teste de Papanicolaou e a cobertura da mamografia. Para cada desfecho investigou-se a realização do exame em algum momento da vida e a realização de acordo com a faixa etária e periodicidade recomendadas pelo Programa Nacional de Prevenção do Câncer de colo de útero e mama. A análise foi ajustada pelo efeito de delineamento. Utilizou-se a regressão de Poisson para análise dos fatores associados. Resultados: entre as 952 mulheres entrevistadas, 93,0% (IC95%: 91,5 94,7) realizam o teste de Papanicolaou e 53,4% (IC95%: 50,2 56,5) realizaram a mamografia pelo menos uma na vida. A cobertura adequada de acordo com a idade e periodicidade recomendadas foi de 86% (IC95%: 83,8 88,2) para o Papanicolaou e 77,2% (IC95%: 74,5 79,8) para a mamografia. Apresentaram-se associados à realização do teste de Papanicolaou em algum momento da vida e sua cobertura nos últimos três anos a ocorrência de duas ou mais doenças crônicas e a realização de consulta médica. Idade e internação hospitalar no último ano foram associadas somente a realização do Papanicolaou na vida. Ser solteira e ter escolaridade menor que doze anos de estudo apresentaram-se como aspectos sugestivos de risco para a não realização do teste de Papanicolaou na vida e nos últimos três anos. A realização da mamografia em algum momento da vida mostrou-se associada com a idade mais avançada, com maior renda familiar e presença de doenças crônicas. A realização de atividade física no trimestre anterior a pesquisa (RP=1,1 IC95%: 1,0 1,2) esteve associada com a cobertura adequada da mamografia, de acordo com o programa nacional de prevenção do câncer. A idade entre 30 e 39 anos (RP=0,70 IC95%: 0,6 0,8) configurou-se negativamente associada com a realização adequada da mamografia. Conclusões: a cobertura a cobertura dos exames preventivos do câncer de câncer de colo de útero e mama foi adequada em Florianópolis no ano de 2009, atingindo a meta preconizada pelos órgãos oficiais nacionais e internacionais. Apesar disto, os grupos sociais menos favorecidos apresentaram menor cobertura destes exames, indicando a influência das disparidades socioeconômicas e demográficas, bem como a necessidade de planejamento e desenvolvimento de ações direcionadas para melhorar o acesso destes grupos aos serviços de saúde.Introduction: The early detection of cervical and breast cancer by Papanicolau smear test and mammography remains the main strategy to reduce their impact on morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To identify the coverage of Pap smear and mammography exams and the factors associated with coverage in adult women in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study of the women aged 20 to 59 years residing in the urban area of the city of Florianopolis in 2009. The study used cluster random sampling. Home interviews were held using a structured questionnaire asking about demographic and socioeconomic conditions and health behaviors, access to and utilization of health services, including the screening by Papanicolau smear test and mammography which were the main outcomes of this study. For each outcome, the questionnaire asked about taking up the exam ever and within the period recommended by the national program for prevention of cervical and breast cancer. All analyses were adjusted for complex survey effects. Poisson regression was used to estimate the impact of the predictors on screening in terms of relative risk. Results: Among 952 women analyzed, the percentages of those who had ever done the Papanicolau smear test and mammography were 93.0% (with 95% confidence interval 91.5#94.7%) and 53.4% (with 95% confidence interval 50.2#56.5%), respectively. The adequate periodicity of these exams was reported by 86% (with 95% confidence interval 83.8#88.2%) for the Papanicolau test and 77.2% (with 95% confidence interval 74.5#79.8%) for mammography. Taking up these exams within recommended intervals of the national screening program was associated with the occurrence of two or more chronic diseases and seeing a medical doctor for other reasons, whereas taking up these exams ever was associated only with age and hospitalization in the past year. Being single and having less than twelve years of scholarly education was associated with a higher risk of not taking up the Papanicolau smear test. Mammography screening ever was associated with age, family income and presence of chronic diseases. Doing regular physical exercises in the last three months increased the chance of adequate periodicity of mammography by 10% (with 95% confidence interval 0#20%), whereas the age of 30 to 39 years reduced the chance of this outcome by 30% (with 95% confidence interval 20#40%). Conclusions # In Florianópolis, the coverage of screening for cervical and breast cancer was within the targets established by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in the year of 2009. However, poor people had worse coverage, indicating the influence of social, economic and demographic disparity, as well as the need for a better planning and development of specific actions targeting these groups in order to improve their access to the screening program
Signal to noise ratio analysis in virtual source array imaging
No full textWe consider correlation-based imaging of a reflector located on one side of a passive array where
the medium is homogeneous. On the other side of the array the illumination by remote impulsive sources
goes through a strongly scattering medium. It has been shown in [J. Garnier and G. Papanicolaou, Inverse Problems 28 (2012), 075002] that
migrating the cross correlations of the passive array gives an image whose resolution is as good as if
the array was active and the array response matrix was that of a homogeneous medium.
In this paper we study the signal to noise ratio of the image as a function of statistical properties of the
strongly scattering medium, the signal bandwidth and the source and passive receiver array characteristics.
Using a Kronecker model for the strongly scattering medium we show that image resolution is as
expected and that the signal to noise ratio can be computed in an essentially explicit way. We
show with direct numerical simulations using full wave propagation solvers in random media that
the theoretical predictions based on the Kronecker model are accurate
Mache Papanicolaou (1890-1982), the dedicated companion of the great benefactor: An interview with Dr Julie Kokkori, one of the only living relatives of Dr George N. Papanicolaou
No full textMache Papanicolaou (Volos, Greece, 1890 - Miami, Florida, USA, 1982) was the soul of absolute dedication to research, science and humanity of her lifelong partner, Dr George N. Papanicolaou (Kymi, Greece, 1883 - Miami Florida, USA, 1962). Her devotion to him, her endless support during their first years in the USA, as well as during the period before the approval of the Pap smear test and her selfless contribution to this revolutionary work were invaluable, indeed. In this article, which is dedicated to the memory of Mache Papanicolaou, we have the great honour to host the testimony of one of the only living relatives of Dr George N. Papanicolaou. Dr Julie Kokkori is the granddaughter of Nasos N. Papanicolaou (Kymi, Greece, 1880-Athens, Greece, 1958), the oldest brother of Dr George N. Papanicolaou, and daughter of the niece of Dr George N. Papanicolaou, Maria Kokkori (Trikala, Greece, 1918 - Athens, Greece, 2012), author of the first book in the Hellenic literature on the life of Dr George N. Papanicolaou entitled `George N. Papanicolaou: through his life and work'
Colpocitologia oncótica na gestacão.
No full textTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Tocoginecologia, Curso de Medicina, Florianópolis, 199
Pattern Recognition in Cytopathology for Papanicolaou Screening
No full textA unique space oriented filer is presented in order to detect and isolate the cell of a nucleus for applications in cytopathology. A classification method for nuclei is then considered based on the application of a set of features which includes certain fractal parameters. Segmentation algorithms are considered in which a self-adjustable sharpening filter is designed to enhance object location. Although the methods discussed and the algorithms developed have a range of applications, in this work we focus on the engineering of a system for automating a Papanicolaou screening test using standard optical imagesTheory and Practice of Computer Graphic
Dynamic analysis of EEG signals during spatial working memory used for either perception discrimination or planning of action,
No full text
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