13 research outputs found
PMD99 Economical and Organizational Impact of Adopting Different in Situ Hybridization Technologies to Assess HER2 Gene Amplification in Breast Cancer
No full textHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status identification is established by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation (ISH). Silver in situ hybridisation (SISH) is an alternative technique to the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Both methods are recommended by American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) 2013 guidelines. The primary aim of this analysis is to evaluate the economical and organizational impact by adopting FISH or SISH test for HER2 testing
INHIBITING ACTION OF CHLOROPHENOLS ON BIODEGRADATION OF PHENOL AND ITS CORRELATION WITH STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES OF INHIBITORS
No full textAn activated sludge conditioned to a low concentration of phenol was used for the biodegradation of phenol in the presence of chlorophenols, measuring the inhibiting action of all the latter compounds and expressing it as p///5//0. As a structural property to be correlated with the measured values, the lipophilicity (log P) of the chlorophenols was reevaluated with a new apparatus. Values of p///5//0 are better correlated with the number of chloro substituents in the inhibitor, provided a specific effect of substituents ortho to the phenolic function is considered. New results are compared with previous measurements effected on a different activated sludge
HYDROLYSIS OF INULIN - A KINETIC-STUDY OF THE REACTION CATALYZED BY AN INULINASE FROM ASPERGILLUS-FICUUM
No full textA kinetic study of the hydrolysis of inulin was performed by using as catalyst a commercial inulinase from Aspergillus ficuum. The reaction was studied carrying out initial rate as well as time course measurements. Both inulinase and invertase activities of the enzyme were taken into account, and the corresponding kinetic parameters were determined in the temperature range 30-50°C. The activation energies of the turnover constant for inulinase and invertase activities were found to be similar (56-57 kJ · mol-1). The ratio S/I of invertase to inulinase activity was 1.6 regardless of temperature. The thermal degradation of the enzyme was also investigated up to 70°C, and an activation energy of 350-370 kJ · mol-1 was evaluated
Isolamento e seleção de microorganismos para aplicação no tratamento de efluentes fenolico
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas.Este trabalho ocupa-se do estudo da degradação do fenol utilizando microorganismos selecionados, resultantes do isolamento direto de águas contaminadas com compostos fenólicos ou do enriquecimento seletivo de culturas mistas num reator em regime contínuo. Testa-se microorganismos isolados, selecionados devido sua habilidade de degradar fenol na presença de TSB (tryptic soy broth), quanto a degradação do fenol contido no efluente bruto e em um meio sintético contendo fenol como única fonte de carbono e energia, obtendo-se culturas mistas com microorganismos hábeis na degradação do fenol. Realiza-se ensaios para obtenção de parâmetros cinéticos, avaliação de condições de operação e comportamento destas culturas microbianas. Experimentos em regime descontínuo são realizados para se avaliar etapas do enriquecimento seletivo do sistema em contínuo e a influência do pH na degradação do fenol. De acordo com os resultados obtidos nos ensaios com a cultura mista resultante, esta apresenta um grande potencial de aplicação em processos de biorremediação de solo contaminado com fenol e no tratamento de efluentes fenólicos com vantagens sobre os sistemas convencionais como o aumento da capacidade das estações de tratamento de efluentes e a redução no volume de iodo gerado
Estudo do meio e das condições de cultivo para produção de endo-inulinase microbiana /
No full textDissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico.O presente trabalho teve como principais objetivos investigar o desempenho de microrganismos potencialmente produtores de endo-inulinase e estudar as condições de produção desta enzima. Dezesseis linhagens fúngicas e três linhagens bacterianas foram avaliadas quanto a produção de endo-inulinase. Os resultados indicaram o microrganismo isolado Paenibacillus sp. CDB 003 como sendo o melhor produtor de endo-inulinase. A influência das concentrações de inulina, de extrato de levedura, da concentração de sulfato de amônio, de ácido succínico, do íon fosfato , assim como da freqüência de agitação, do suprimento de oxigênio (KLa), da temperatura de cultivo e do pH do meio sobre a produção de endo-inulinase foi avaliada. Sendo a inulina comercial um substrato de alto custo para a produção industrial de endo-inulinase, o comportamento da cepa Paenibacillus sp. CDB 003 foi investigado em meio contendo extrato de chicória como fonte natural de inulina. Os resultados encontrados foram similares àqueles obtidos com a inulina comercial. Algumas características da enzima, tais como, temperatura ótima de incubação, estabilidade com o tempo e com a temperatura, valores de Km e Vmax e a correlação entre o tempo de hidrólise da inulina e a formação de açúcares redutores também foram avaliados
Exposure to Gastric Acid Inhibitors Increases the Risk of Infection in Preterm Very Low Birth Weight Infants but Concomitant Administration of Lactoferrin Counteracts This Effect
No full textObjective To investigate whether exposure to inhibitors of gastric acidity, such as H2 blockers or proton pump
inhibitors, can independently increase the risk of infections in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants in the
neonatal intensive care unit.
Study design This is a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from a multicenter, randomized controlled
trial of bovine lactoferrin (BLF) supplementation (with or without the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG)
vs placebo in prevention of late-onset sepsis (LOS) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants. Inhibitors
of gastric acidity were used at the recommended dosages/schedules based on the clinical judgment of attending
physicians. The distribution of days of inhibitors of gastric acidity exposure between infants with and without
LOS/NEC was assessed. The mutually adjusted effects of birth weight, gestational age, duration of inhibitors of
gastric acidity treatment, and exposure to BLF were controlled through multivariable logistic regression. Interaction
between inhibitors of gastric acidity and BLF was tested; the effects of any day of inhibitors of gastric acidity
exposure were then computed for BLF-treated vs -untreated infants.
Results Two hundred thirty-five of 743 infants underwent treatment with inhibitors of gastric acidity, and 86 LOS
episodes occurred. After multivariate analysis, exposure to inhibitors of gastric acidity remained significantly and
independently associated with LOS (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.008-1.067; P = .01); each day of inhibitors of gastric acidity
exposure conferred an additional 3.7% odds of developing LOS. Risk was significant for Gram-negative (P < .001)
and fungal (P = .001) pathogens, but not for Gram-positive pathogens (P = .97). On the test for interaction, 1 additional
day of exposure to inhibitors of gastric acidity conferred an additional 7.7% risk for LOS (P = .003) in BLFuntreated
infants, compared with 1.2% (P = .58) in BLF-treated infants.
Conclusion Exposure to inhibitors of gastric acidity is significantly associated with the occurrence of LOS in preterm VLBW infants. Concomitant administration of BLF counteracts this selective disadvantage. (J Pediatr 2018;193:62-7)
Bovine Lactoferrin prevents invasive fungal infections in very low birth weight infants: a randomized controlled trials
No full textBACKGROUND: Lactoferrin is a mammalian milk glycoprotein involved in innate immunity. Recent data show that bovine lactoferrin (bLF) prevents late-onset sepsis in preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial where preterm VLBW neonates randomly received bLF (100 mg/day; group A1), bLF + Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (106 colony-forming units per day; group A2), or placebo (group B) for 6 weeks. Here we analyze the incidence rates of fungal colonization, invasive fungal infection (IFI), and rate of progression from colonization to infection in all groups. RESULTS: This study included 472 neonates whose clinical, nutritional, and demographical characteristics were similar. Overall, the incidence of fungal colonization was comparable (17.6%, 16.6%, and 18.5% in A1, A2, and B, respectively; P = .89 [A1] and .77 [A2]). In contrast, IFIs were significantly decreased in A1 and A2 (0.7% and 2.0%, respectively) compared with B (7.7%; P = .002 [A1] and .02 [A2]), and this was significantly true both in <1000 g (0.9% [A1] and 5.6% [A2], vs 15.0%) and in 1001 to 1500 g infants (0% and 0% vs 3.7%). The progression rate colonization-infection was significantly lower in the bLF groups: 3.7% (A1) and 12% (A2), vs 41.9%; P < .001 (A1) and P = .02 (A2). No IFI-attributable deaths occurred in the treatment groups, versus 2 in placebo. No adverse effects or intolerances occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic oral administration of bLF reduces the incidence of IFI in preterm VLBW neonates. No effect is seen on colonization. The protective effect on IFI is likely due to limitation of ability of fungal colonies to progress toward invasion and systemic disease in colonized infant
Estudo da produção de inulinase por Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC 36907
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro TecnologicoA produção de inulinase por Kluyveromyces marxianus ATCC 36907 foi avaliada quanto aos seguintes parâmetros fermentativos: temperatura, pH, suprimento de oxigênio, composição do meio de cultivo e concentração inicial de substrato. Algumas características da enzima foram também determinadas. Os resultados apresentaram um comportamento estável da inulinase por pelo menos 4 meses de estocagem a -20°C. A enzima extracelular mostrou-se estável até 55°C enquanto que a enzima periplasmática apresentou menor estabilidade térmica (45°C). A temperatura e o pH ótimos de atuação de ambas as enzimas foram semelhantes entre si e equivalentes a 55°C e pH 5,0, respectivamente. A temperatura ideal de cultivo do microrganismo para produção de enzima foi de 37°C, com pH controlado em 4,5. O meio de cultivo mais adequado foi o meio rico (extrato de levedura 10 g/L, bacto peptona 20 g/L e inulina 10 g/L), não sendo possível a substituição da fonte de carbono (inulina comercial) pelo extrato de chicória. Concentrações crescentes de inulina comercial, nas condições testadas, levaram a uma elevada produção de etanol. A substituição de bacto peptona (fonte de nitrogênio) por sulfato de amônio ou uréia também não apresentou resultados favoráveis à produção de enzima. A influência do suprimento de oxigênio foi avaliada baseada no coeficiente de transferência inicial de oxigênio (KLa). Valores de KLa iguais a 21, 36 e 89 h-1 foram testados e os resultados mostraram que o aumento do KLa favorece a formação de biomassa bem como de inulinase
Reductive dechlorination of chlorophenols by hydrogenotrophic membrane bioreactors
No full text氯酚化合物是常見的工業污染物，其污染型態常以水、空氣、土壤及地下水等方式存在於環境中，而在氯酚污染之處理技術中，生物處理方法是較為普遍而經濟的方法，其中又以厭氧生物方法為主流，主要是因為在厭氧環境下，氯酚可被微生物以還原脫氯途徑分解，在此途徑下，氯酚依序被脫氯產生單氯酚，然後再脫氯變成酚而破環分解，由於此代謝途徑會使氯酚之毒性持續降低，因此也較普遍被學者廣泛的研究。本研究利用供氫之薄膜生物反應槽進行氯酚脫氯反應之研究，利用氫氣當成電子供給者，而以氯酚為電子接受者進行還原脫氯反應，此反應途徑不需外加有機物質，因此可避免二次污染的問題。實驗結果顯示在2-CP三個月的馴養期間，已馴養出脫氯氫細菌，可利用氫氣為電子供給者進行2-CP之還原脫氯反應，中間產物為酚，而酚仍可被微生物繼續分解。反應槽在2-CP進流濃度為24.8 mg/L，以及HRT 15小時條件下 (負荷率0.72 g/m2 d)，2-CP之去除率為94 %，而TOC去除率為60 %。2-CP脫氯反應之最佳pH範圍為5.8 ~ 7.2之間，當pH≦5或≧8時，2-CP的去除率則大幅的下降至50 %以下。環境中的硝酸鹽及硫酸鹽均會取代2-CP之電子接受者的角色，因而對脫氯反應產生抑制作用，不過這兩者的抑制機制有些許的差異，主要差異在於硝酸鹽會立即取代2-CP之電子接受者的角色，而硫酸鹽則需經過ㄧ段時間才會完全抑制脫氯反應，其主要的原因可能是本系統之脫氯菌大部分也具有脫硝能力。本系統對於不同氯酚也都具有脫氯能力，其脫氯速率依序為2-CP > 2,4-DCP > 4-CP > 3-CP, 3,4-DCP > 2,4,5-TCP > 2,5-DCP，多氯酚之脫氯反應會依鄰位(ortho)、間位(meta)、對位(para)之順序將氯基脫去。由2-CP馴養反應槽之菌相鑑定與親缘分析結果顯示，大部分菌種屬於Proteobacteria/ β-proteobacteria，其中又以Ralstonia sp. 50為最主要菌種，此菌種可適應不同環境條件，並以不同的代謝途徑來分解各種氯酚。Chlorophenols (CPs) are widely known as industrial pollutants. These chemicals have been recognized as organic pollutants of water, air, soil and groundwater. Commonly, biological methods are used for the remediation of these pollutants, especially the anaerobic biotechnology. By the anaerobic pathway, chlorine substituents are replaced by hydrogen and produces less-chlorinated compounds. This process is widely studied because less chlorinated CPs represent less toxic to the environment. This study utilized hydrogenotrophic membrane bioreactors to cultivate hydrogen bacteria for dechlorinating the CPs. The H2 was used as the electron donor and the CPs were used as the electron acceptors, thus the dechlorination was proceeded. This process needed not the external organics, so it could prevent the secondary pollution. Experimental results showed that the 2-CP dechlorinating bacteria were cultivated after three months acclimation. The 2-CP was dechlorinated to produce phenol, and the phenol could also be degraded. Under the condition of influent 2-CP 24.8 mg/L and HRT of 15 h (loading rate = 0.72 g/m2 d), the 2-CP and TOC removal efficiency was 94% and 60%, respectively. The suitable pH range was 5.8 ~ 7.2. When the pH value was below 5, or higher than 8, the 2-CP removal efficiency will drop to below 50%. Nitrate and sulfate could take the place of 2-CP as the electron acceptor, and thus inhibited the 2-CP dechlorination. However, their inhibition mechanisms were a little different. Nitrate will take the place of 2-CP immediately, while the sulfate take a period of time to reach completely inhibition. The reason might be because the dechlorinating bacteria also possess the denitrification ability. This system could also dechlorinate the other CPs, and their dechlorinating rate were 2-CP > 2,4-DCP > 4-CP > 3-CP, 3,4-DCP > 2,4,5-TCP > 2,5-DCP. The CPs will be dechlorinated by remove the ortho, meta and para chlorine substutes in sequence. From the microbial identification and phylogenetic analysis of the 2-CP bioreactors, the most dominant bacteria belonged to Proteobacteria/ β-proteobacteria. In which, the Ralstonia sp. 50 was the most dominant species and could adapt to different environmental conditions and degrade the CPs by different metabolic pathways.目 錄
第一章 緒論∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙1
1-1 研究緣起∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙1
1-2 研究目的∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙2
1-3 研究內容∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙2
第二章 文獻回顧∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙5
2-1氯酚化合物之特性∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙5
2-1-1氯酚化合物之物理化學性質及其污染來源∙∙∙∙∙∙∙5
2-1-2氯酚化合物之生物毒性∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙5
2-2 氯酚化合物之生物分解途徑∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙6
2-2-1氯酚化合物之好氧代謝途徑∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙6
2-2-2氯酚之厭氧生物代謝途徑∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙7
2-3影響微生物對氯酚脫氯反應之因子∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙8
2-3-1 pH之影響∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙8
2-3-2 溫度之影響∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙8
2-3-3 電子供應者之影響∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙9
2-3-4 電子接受者之影響∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙10
2-4 氯酚於不同還原條件下之生物降解∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙10
2-5厭氧脫氯菌之特性∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙11
2-6薄膜生物反應槽之種類∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙13
2-7 分子生物技術應用於環境樣品中之菌群分析∙∙∙∙∙∙∙16
2-7-1 基因轉植之菌種鑑定方法∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙17
2-7-2 變性梯度明膠電泳∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙18
2-7-3 限制酵素斷片法∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙18
2-7-4 螢光原位雜交法（Fluorescent in situ hybridization, FISH） 20
第三章 供氫之薄膜生物反應槽對2-CP之脫氯反應及其環境影響因子∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙20
3-1 前言∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙21
3-2 材料與方法∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙21
3-2-1 薄膜生物反應槽∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙22
3-2-2 反應槽馴養∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙22
3-2-3 批次實驗∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙22
3-2-4 分析方法∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙24
3-3 結果與討論∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙24
3-3-1 反應槽之馴養∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙25
3-3-2 2-CP 脫氯反應試驗∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙28
3-3-3 pH對2-CP脫氯反應之影響∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙30
3-3-4 硝酸鹽及硫酸鹽對2-CP脫氯反應之影響∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙47
3-3-5 氫氣在2-CP降解中的角色∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙49
3-3-6反應槽之操作條件控制∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙55
3-3-7 小結∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙55
第四章 供氫之薄膜生物反應槽對不同氯酚之脫氯能力試驗∙∙57
4-1 前言∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙57
4-2 材料與方法∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙58
4-2-1 材料∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙58
4-2-2 分析方法∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙58
4-3 結果與討論∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙58
4-3-1 不同單氯酚之生物降解∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙58
4-3-2 二氯酚之降解∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙64
4-3-3 三氯酚之生物降解∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙71
4-3-4 反應槽對不同氯酚之降解效率∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙74
4-3-5 小結∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙80
第五章 氯酚降解反應槽之菌相鑑定∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙81
5-1 前言∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙81
5-2 材料與方法∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙82
5-2-1 DNA純化步驟∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙82
5-2-2 PCR反應步驟∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙83
5-2-3 基因轉植技術∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙84
5-2-4 菌種親緣樹之建立∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙86
5-2-5變性梯度明膠電泳法（DGGE）∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙86
5-3 結果與討論∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙91
5-3-1 反應槽之菌種鑑定及其特性分析∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙91
5-3-2 反應槽菌相之親缘分析∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙97
5-3-3 反應槽於不同環境條件下之菌相變化∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙103
5-3-4 小結∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙111
第六章 結論與建議∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙113
6-1 結論∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙113
6-2 建議∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙114
參考文獻∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙11
供氫薄膜生物反應槽之二氯酚脫氯研究
No full text氯酚化合物被廣泛使用於人造化合物的合成，如殺蟲劑、殺草劑及染料等，由於氯酚化合物對生物體具有毒性，因此氯酚污染物的處置也廣受重視。本研究嘗試以氫氣取代外加之有機碳源，可避免有機物污染之問題，及提供足夠的能量使微生物進行還原脫氯反應，並以生物膜方式培養氫細菌，評估其對二氯酚化合物還原性脫氯之能力。
研究結果顯示以PVA-褐藻膠共聚包埋法建立之氫細菌生物膜系統，對二氯酚有良好的氯酚降解效率。於2,4-DCP進流濃度負荷為0.269 g/m2d時，脫氯效率為58 %，脫氯量達0.156 g/m2d；於3,4-DCP進流濃度負荷為0.179 g/m2d時，脫氯效率為72%，脫氯量達0.134 g/m2d。而由不同二氯酚馴養過程中，推測二氯酚化合物對氫細菌的毒性可能為2,4-DCP＞3,4-DCP＞2,5-DCP。另外由脫氯產物4-CP的產生則驗證了在脫氯反應中，鄰位與間位氯基較對位氯基容易去除。
在氫細菌系統中加入硝酸鹽及硫酸鹽，結果顯示不僅會影響2,4-DCP降解效率，且亦會影響原本的脫氯途徑。硝酸鹽之脫硝作用可能促使中間產物單氯酚進行無氧氧化，因此有利於脫氯後段反應4-CP之降解，而脫硫反應的影響僅止於競爭接收氫氣提供之電子而已。故對2,4-DCP之總體影響而言，推測脫硝反應有利於2,4-DCP之分解，而脫硫反應反而稍會影響2,4-DCP之降解速率。第一章 前言
1-1研究緣起…………………………………………………………01
1-2 研究目的及內容…………………………………………………02
第2章 文獻回顧
2-1氯酚化合物的污染來源…………………………………………03
2-1-1氯酚化合物之特性…………………………………………03
2-2氯酚化合物之生物分解途徑……………………………………05
2-2-1氯酚化合物之好氧代謝途徑………………………………05
2-2-2氯酚化合物之厭氧代謝途徑………………………………06
2-3生物性脫氯的影響因子…………………………………………08
2-3-1酸鹼度之影響………………………………………………08
2-3-2溫度之影響…………………………………………………08
2-3-3電子供給者之影響…………………………………………09
2-3-4電子接受者之影響…………………………………………10
2-3-5不同還原環境之影響………………………………………10
2-4氧化還原電位(ORP)……………………………………………13
2-5厭氧脫氯菌之特性………………………………………………14
2-6薄膜生物反應槽之應用…………………………………………17
2-7固定化細胞擔體之應用…………………………………………19
第三章 材料與方法
3-1 研究架構…………………………………………………………20
3-2 反應槽設備………………………………………………………22
3-3 反應槽建立………………………………………………………23
3-3-1 菌種來源……………………………………………………23
3-3-2 反應槽建立…………………………………………………23
3-3-3 生物膜馴養…………………………………………………24
3-4 反應槽操作條件試驗(連續流試驗)……………………………25
3-4-1 不同二氯酚之降解試驗……………………………………25
3-4-2 環境因子之影響試驗………………………………………26
3-5 批次試驗…………………………………………………………27
3-6 分析方法與實驗設備……………………………………………28
第四章 結果與討論
4-1 反應槽之馴養……………………………………………………30
4-2 氫細菌對2,4-DCP之降解效率探討……………………………32
4-2-1 在2,4-DCP不同進流負荷條件下之分解效率探討………32
4-2-1-1 在2,4-DCP不同進流負荷條件下之分解效率……32
4-2-1-2 反應槽之脫氯反應批次試驗………………………36
4-2-2 硝酸鹽對氯酚脫氯的影響探討……………………………39
4-2-2-1 硝酸鹽對氯酚脫氯效率的影響……………………40
4-2-2-2 硝酸鹽對氯酚脫氯反應途徑的影響………………44
4-2-3 硫酸鹽對氯酚脫氯的影響探討……………………………47
4-2-3-1 硫酸鹽對氯酚脫氯效率的影響……………………47
4-2-3-2 硫酸鹽對氯酚脫氯反應途徑的影響………………51
4-3 氫細菌對3,4-DCP之降解效率探討……………………………54
4-3-1 在3,4-DCP不同進流負荷條件下之分解效率……………54
4-3-2 反應槽之脫氯反應批次試驗………………………………57
4-4 氫細菌對2,5-DCP降解效率探討………………………………61
4-5 氫細菌對不同氯酚化合物之降解效率探討……………………63
第五章 結論與建議
5-1 結論………………………………………………………………65
5-2 建議………………………………………………………………66
參考文
