55,550 research outputs found
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Provincial Patriots: The Hunanese and Modern China
No full textBook review by Thomas D. Curran.
Platt, Stephen R. Provincial Patriots: The Hunanese and Modern China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007. ISBN 978067402665
The Jacquinot Safe Zone: Wartime Refugees in Shanghai
No full textBook review by Thomas D. Curran.
Ristaino, M. R. (2008). The Jacquinot safe zone: Wartime refugees in Shanghai. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978080475793
Using strategic ambiguity as management practice in academic R&D : An ethnographic study of MIT SENSEable City Lab
No full textThis article explores the role of strategic ambiguity (Eisenberg, 2007; March & Olsen, 1976) as a management practice, as used in SENSEable City Lab - a R&D-oriented lab located at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, MA.
Although literature has already explored strategic ambiguity in various organizational settings, studies focusing on how academic institutions use strategic ambiguity in the context of R&D are quite sparse.
The article aims at filling this gap by reporting on a study conducted by the author across 2011 and 2014 in a R&D-oriented academic lab and reflecting on the potential of strategic ambiguity as an effective dialogic strategy to appreciate differences among internal organization members and with external partners. The article also examines some shortcomings of strategic ambiguity, such as the level of anxiety reported by some members of the lab
Preemptive Search and R&D Clustering Revisited
No full textThe results obtained by Cardon and Sasaki (1998) on R&D clustering are derived under the specific assumption that firms only can own one patent. When multiple patents are allowed, R&D clustering will come about more frequently if search costs are substantial.R&D clustering; persistence of monopoly
Do alpha-acyloxy and alpha-alkoxycarbonyloxy radicals fragment to form acyl and alkoxycarbonyl radicals?
No full textThe generation of α-acyloxy and α-alkoxycarbonyloxy radicals under reductive conditions in fragmentable probe experiments does not provide unequivocal evidence for the fragmentation of such radicals to give ketones and acyl or alkoxycarbonyl radicals. Instead, standard reduction predominates, even at low tin hydride concentrations. Some ketone product is formed in the α-acyloxy substrate at low concentrations, but it is unclear whether this product arises through a slow radical fragmentation process or an inefficient, chain-breaking oxidative process. © 2006 Curran and Turner; licensee Beilstein-Institut
Measuring the Returns to R&D: The Depreciation Problem
No full textMeasuring the private returns to R&D requires knowledge of its private depreciation or obsolescence rate, which is inherently variable and responds to competitive pressure. Nevertheless, most of the previous literature has used a constant depreciation rate to construct R&D capital stocks and measure the returns to R&D, a rate usually equal to 15 per cent. In this paper I review the implications of this assumption for the measurement of returns using two different methodologies: one based on the production function and another that uses firm market value to infer returns. Under the assumption that firms choose their R&D investment optimally, that is, marginal expected benefit equals marginal cost, I show that both estimates of returns can be inverted to derive an implied depreciation rate for R&D capital. I then test these ideas on a large unbalanced panel of U.S. manufacturing firms for the years 1974 to 2003. The two methods do not agree, in that the production function approach suggests depreciation rates near zero (or even appreciation) whereas the market value approach implies depreciation rates ranging from 20 to 40 per cent, depending on the period. The concluding section discusses the possible reasons for this funding.
The Philippine Fisheries R&D Institutions: A Look at Their Publication Record
No full textOne of the indicators to measure the performance of fisheries R&D institutions is their ability to publish, especially in refereed journals in their area of specialization. This Policy Notes examines the publication record of fisheries R&D institutions in the Philippines and concludes that only a few have performed creditably over the years in this aspect. In view of this, the author recommends a number of specific actions to be taken by both the institutions concerned and the national government in order to improve the overall capacity of the fisheries R&D institutions to publish.fisheries R&D institutions, publication record
Relictanum shropshirei Curran 1930, comb. nov.
No full textRelictanum shropshirei (Curran, 1930) comb. nov. Map 1. Figure 45 (f–h). Baccha shropshirei Curran, 1930.— Curran, 1930: 7. Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone. Holotype female AMNH. Hull, 1949 a: 241 (fig. 231, abdomen), 283 (fig. 386, wing) Ocyptamus shropshirei. Thompson et al., 1976: 27 (catalog citation). Male. Male unknown. Female: As in R. braziliensis but wing entirely microtrichose and dark on basal ½ (dark on cells bc, c, sc, r, bm, cu p, most of anal lobe, most of cua 1, basal ½ of r 1, basal ¼ of r 2 + 3, base of r 4 + 5 and basal ⅓ of dm). The female 7 th sternite is distinctly sclerotized, the 8 th tergite is narrower, and the 10 th tergite is narrow, strongly convex posteriorly and with fewer setulae. Length. 6.5–7mm; wing 5–5.5mm. Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz), Panama (Canal Zone), Venezuela (Zulia). Material examined. MEXICO. Veracruz, Acayucan, Frank M. Hull Collection C.N.C. 1981, 23 Oct 1957, R. & K. Dreisbach (1 ♀, CNC Diptera 161210). PANAMA. Canal Zone, Corozal, Type Baccha shropshirei Curran [red label], 16 Jan 1929, C. H. Curran (1 ♀, holotype Baccha shropshirei, AMNH). VENEZUELA. Zulia, El Tucuco (45 km SW of Machiques), 5–6 Jun 1976, A. S. Menke & D. Vincent (1 ♀, USNM ENT 00257662);..., Los Angeles del Tucuco, 15–16 Apr 1981, A. S. Menke & L. Hollenberg (1 ♀, USNM ENT 00257665). Comments. The wing differences between the types of B. braziliensis and B. shropshirei were noted by Reemer (2010) as well, where he stated on page 186 that “These specimens were compared with the holotype of B. braziliensis [...] However the following differences were noted (in parentheses the character state in the Mapane specimens): wing with bare areas on cells r, bm and cu p (entirely microtrichose), wing with vague yellowish anteromedial blotch (infuscated on basal half), pterostigma clearly darker than 2 nd costal cell (pterostigma and 2 nd costal cell of same yellowish brown colour). [...] they are identified as O. shropshirei, with which they agree quite well”.Published as part of Miranda, Gil Felipe Gonçalves, Marshall, Stephen A. & Skevington, Jeffrey H., 2014, Revision of the genus Pelecinobaccha Shannon, description of Relictanum gen. nov., and redescription of Atylobaccha flukiella (Curran, 1941) (Diptera: Syrphidae), pp. 1-154 in Zootaxa 3819 (1) on page 98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3819.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25128
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