200 research outputs found
Van last naar les: Hoe publiek-private samenwerking de regenwateroverlast voor inwoners, woningeigenaren en klanten kan verlagen. Een analyse van schadegegevens en de factoren die van invloed zijn op regenwaterschade
No full textIn het Impactproject ‘Samen met verzekeraars naar een regenbestendige stad’ hebben we de werelden van een verzekeraar, onderzoeker en gemeente/waterbeheerder bij elkaar gebracht. Amsterdam Rainproof, Waternet, Achmea en TU Delft zijn de samenwerking aangegaan om de impact van extreme regenval op bewoners in Amsterdam te analyseren en te verkennen hoe hierop te anticiperen om zo de waterschade te verminderen en het woongenot te vergroten. Het vertrekpunt van het Impactproject is de wateroverlast en schade die inwoners van Amsterdam, waaronder de klanten van Achmea, ondervonden als gevolg van extreme regenval. We willen hierbij in eerste instantie de manieren inzichtelijk maken waarop eigenaren van woningen, huurders, verzekeraars en Waternet alleen en in samenhang met elkaar kunnen anticiperen op een wolkbreuk om waterschade te verminderen. In tweede instantie willen we de werkwijze verbeteren waarmee betrokken organisaties informatie over schade inwinnen en delen. We hebben de schade van de wolkbreuk van 28 juli 2014 onderzocht door middel van een analyse van bestaande verzekeringsdata van Achmea verrijkt met andere openbare data, en meldingen van wateroverlast bij Waternet, de gemeente Amsterdam en de Brandweer. Daarnaast hebben we door middel van een bewonersenquête in Oud-Zuid en Oud-West gekeken naar de factoren die bijdragen aan waterschade en naar de werkelijk ervaren schade. Deze onderzoeken geven een beeld van de wateroverlast en schade die optreedt tijdens en na een wolkbreuk, en inzicht in de effectieve voorzorgsmaatregelen die genomen kunnen worden om schade te verminderen. Om de persoonsgegevens van alle betrokken bewoners in het onderzoeksgebied te beschermen hebben we gezorgd dat bij de aanpak van de onderzoeken informatie van verschillende bronnen (verzekeringsdata, meldingen bij Waternet) niet te combineren is op adresniveau, maar slechts op 6-cijferig postcode niveau. Individuele resultaten van de bewoners enquête heeft de TU Delft niet onderling gedeeld met Waternet en Achmea. In dit rapport zijn alleen geaggregeerde resultaten van de bewonersenquête terug te vinden; zonder verwijzing naar een individueel adres of persoon
On Mahler's conjecture for even s-concave functions in dimensions 1 and 2
No full textIn this paper, we establish different sharp forms of Mahler's conjecture for -concave even functions in dimensions , for and , for s>-1/n, thus generalizing our previous results in \cite{FN} on log-concave even functions in dimension 2, which corresponds to the case . The functional volume product of an even -concave function is where is the -polar function associated to . The analogue of Mahler's conjecture for even -concave functions postulates that this quantity is minimized for the indicatrix of a cube for any s>-1/n. In dimension , we prove this conjecture for all (the case was established by the first author and Mathieu Meyer in \cite[page 17]{FM10}). In dimension , we only consider the case : for s>0, we establish Mahler's conjecture for general -concave even functions; for s<0, the situation is more involved, we only prove a sharp inequality for -concave functions such that admits an asymptote in every direction. Notice that this set of functions is quite natural to consider, when s<0, since it is the largest subset of -concave functions stable by -duality
Uniaxial Pressure Control of Competing Orders in a High Temperature Superconductor
No full textThis file contains the raw data use in the publication 'Uniaxial Pressure Control of Competing Orders in a High Temperature Superconductor' by H.-H. Kim, S. M. Souliou, M.E. Barber, E. Lefrancois, M. Minola, M. Tortora, R. Heid, N. Nandi, R. A. Borzi, G. Garbarino, A. Bosak, J. Porras, T. Loew, M. König, P.M. Moll, A. P. Mackenzie, B. Keimer, C. W. Hicks and M. Le Tacon.
Source code for the first principle calculations is also provided, alongside with the instruction to use them.
This code was developed at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology by Rolf Heid.
Any use of the software beyond the context of this publication requires permission of the author
Fonctions de la haine et de l’amour dans les souffrances extrêmes à l’adolescence
No full textInternational audienceDrawing on the account of a clinical experience, this article is a testimony on two counts. Firstly, the author discusses the close, complex and sometimes paradoxical relations that can exist between hatred and love. It illustrates the different possible expressions of hatred: between open, undisguised hatred and veiled hatred, between hatred of the other and hatred of oneself, between necessary, even fundamental hatred, and the hatred that is present in certain extreme psychopathological situations. Secondly, by talking about his practice and his own experience in the clinical situation, the author shows how hatred acts as a force that is sometimes separating and sometimes uniting. To witness another’s relationship to hatred is to be traversed by specific affects and ideational contents, as well as by the need – at times – to adopt a position in the analysis, whether in words and/or deeds. These developments lead the author to present the links between hatred, the construction of identity and the sense of existing.Cet article, à partir du récit d’une expérience clinique, est un double témoignage. Premièrement, l’auteur évoque l’articulation étroite, complexe et parfois paradoxale qu’il peut y avoir entre la haine et l’amour. Le propos illustre les différentes expressions possibles de la haine : entre la haine manifeste, à visage découvert, et la haine voilée, entre la haine de l’autre et la haine de soi, entre la haine nécessaire, voire fondamentale, et celle présente dans certaines situations psychopathologiques extrêmes. Deuxièmement, en parlant de sa pratique et de son propre vécu dans le moment clinique, l’auteur montre la double force d’une haine tantôt séparatrice tantôt convocatrice. Être témoin du rapport de l’autre à la haine, c’est être traversé par des affects et des représentations spécifiques comme par la nécessité – parfois – de se positionner dans la cure que ce soit en mots et/ou en actes. Les développements aboutissent à présenter les liens entre la haine, la construction identitaire et le sentiment d’exister
Extension of Hamel paradox for the 2D exterior Navier-Stokes problem
No full textIn this paper, we continue the analysis of the stationary exterior Navier-Stokes problem with interior boundary data and vanishing condition at infinity. We first show an existence result that extends a previous contribution of the second author by considering boundary data prescribing a non-trivial flux on the internal boundary. We obtain in particular that the non-uniqueness result of G. Hamel extends to an open set of internal boundary data. We then show that one way to recover uniqueness of a solution is to complement the perturbation of velocity field with a decay condition at infinity for small circulation through the interior boundary. Our method is based on a fine analysis of the linearized Navier-Stokes system around potential flows in the exterior domain
Phylogenomics of plant genomes: a methodology for genome-wide searches for orthologs in plants
No full textAbstract Background Gene ortholog identification is now a major objective for mining the increasing amount of sequence data generated by complete or partial genome sequencing projects. Comparative and functional genomics urgently need a method for ortholog detection to reduce gene function inference and to aid in the identification of conserved or divergent genetic pathways between several species. As gene functions change during evolution, reconstructing the evolutionary history of genes should be a more accurate way to differentiate orthologs from paralogs. Phylogenomics takes into account phylogenetic information from high-throughput genome annotation and is the most straightforward way to infer orthologs. However, procedures for automatic detection of orthologs are still scarce and suffer from several limitations. Results We developed a procedure for ortholog prediction between Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana. Firstly, we established an efficient method to cluster A. thaliana and O. sativa full proteomes into gene families. Then, we developed an optimized phylogenomics pipeline for ortholog inference. We validated the full procedure using test sets of orthologs and paralogs to demonstrate that our method outperforms pairwise methods for ortholog predictions. Conclusion Our procedure achieved a high level of accuracy in predicting ortholog and paralog relationships. Phylogenomic predictions for all validated gene families in both species were easily achieved and we can conclude that our methodology outperforms similarly based methods.</p
Automatic Quantification of Beach Occupation Using Oversegmentation and Machine Learning
No full textDecision- and policymakers responsible for the coastal zone aim at combining measures against for instance long-term erosion, with measures that have a positive social, economic impact on the region. Recreational beach usage has a large social economic impact on a region and therefore quantification of the recreational beach usage can provide information on the social, economic situation in a region. In the Netherlands beach usage quantification is mostly performed by manual counting during a limited number of days in the field and this limits the spatial and temporal resolution. The objective of this study is to develop and test a method for accurate, robust and automatic monitoring of the spatial and temporal distribution of the number of beach users on the Dutch coast.Multiple approaches to quantify the number of persons in an area are reviewed. Comparison of the reviewed approaches showed that a first distinction can be made between methods using a visual light (camera-) sensor and other methods based on the use of Bluetooth, Wifi, GPS-location (all related to phones) and LiDAR. Based on a literature review the visual light sensor is decided upon to best suit beach user quantification. Within the visual light approach a second distinction is made between methods based on the difference in pixel intensity, a method based on variance of pixel intensities over multiple frames and a method using oversegmentation combined with a machine learning framework for classification.The difference in pixel intensity method is observed most often in literature, but has limitations in conditions that are concerned typical for the Dutch coast (e.g. clouds). The method based on the variance of pixel intensities and the method using oversegmentation are possibilities to overcome the problems described in the studies on the pixel intensity method. Based on preliminary tests the oversegmented machine learning approach is selected because it does not require beach users to move to be detected. Moreover, single snapshots can be evaluated which require a limited data infrastructure in-situ and this is considered advantageous regarding the ease of implementation and cost effectiveness.The oversegmented machine learning approach divides images into small regions of similar pixels based on pixel gradients. The regions are called superpixels and superpixels can be characterised by significantly more features than the conventional r,g,b relations corresponding to regular pixels evaluated in the differences in pixel intensity method. The availability of an increased number of features provides more options to distinguish between classes during classification and this can be advantageous in difficult (e.g. cloudy) conditions. Classified beach user superpixels can represent multiple beach users due to for instance occlusion and therefore a regression relation between classified beach user superpixels and a manually counted ground truth is determined for conversion of classified beach user superpixels to the number of beach users. Hence, the oversegmented machine learning method for quantification of beach occupation combines an oversegmented classification model to classify superpixels into classes (e.g. beach user and sand) and a regression model to convert classified beach user superpixels to beach users. The oversegmented machine learning method has previously been evaluated in the study of Hoonhout et al. (2015) for the classification of coastal images into the classes 'water', 'sand', 'objects', 'vegetation' and 'sky' and this led to the open-source toolbox Flamingo (Hoonhout and Radermacher, 2014b). The current study adapts and develops the Flamingo toolbox for the quantification of beach occupation. The impact of changing parameters of the existing toolbox on the oversegmented classification model are evaluated to obtain insight in the parameters that have to be changed to apply the toolbox to the quantification of beach occupation. The influence of the parameters: class aggregation, measures to take account for imbalances in the dataset, regularisation, number of images in the training dataset, image enhancement, addition of articial channels to enable more (new) features and the required number of features are reviewed. Especially changes in the parameters class aggregation, number of images in the training dataset and articial channels affect the overall model performance. The effect on the overall model performance of measures to account for imbalances in the dataset is limited. However, these measures can change the relative distribution of precision and recall corresponding to the false negative and positive rates respectively. The final classification model is trained and validated with a dataset containing 76 manually annotated images, default undersampling to account for the imbalance in the dataset and added articial channels. A 4-class model with classes beach users, sand water and objects proved to be the best performing class aggregation.The classified beach user superpixels are converted into a number of beach users with a regression model obtained by fitting a second order polynomial regression line to the classified beach user superpixels of the training images and the corresponding manually counted ground truth. Evaluation of the fit shows that the oversegmented machine learning method is a suitable method for quantification of beach occupation indicated by a R2 of 0.92. The regression model is validated by application of the combined oversegmented classification- and regression models on a new and 'unseen' dataset of 80 images. Validation shows that the regression model is applicable on images that are not used during development of the model (R2=0.87) and this moreover confirms the suitability of the oversegmented machine learning method. Analysis of the largest errors showed that especially unoccupied beach stretchers and images captured by an unclean lens limit the performance of the oversegmented machine learning method.The developed oversegmented machine learning method is benchmarked against one of the differences in pixel intensity methods representing the current state-of-the-art. The benchmark shows that the oversegmented machine learning method (R2=0.87) has a higher performance on the evaluated evalidation dataset compared to the method representing the current state-of-the-art (R2=0.76). The difference in performance indicates that the newly developed method is more suitable to the varying conditions associated with the Dutch coast.Tests of the oversegmented machine learning model on a different camera station than was used for training of the oversegmented classification model, did not lead to satisfactory results. This indicates that the current approach for application on camera stations not used during training is not suitable. Therefore, at this point, the oversegmented machine learning method lacks robustness with respect to the performance on multiple different camera stations. A number of possible causes for the limitedperformance are treated and provide recommendations for further research. The presented oversegmented machine learning method, despite its limitations, provides an opportunity to quantify beach occupation with a high temporal and spatial resolution in variable (weather) conditions that are known to limit the performance of the current state-of-the-art methods and are typical for the Dutch coast. The method, therefore, enables the possibility to monitor locations in conditions that with the current state-of-the-art would be diffcult to monitor
Author response image 1. Assessment of apoptosis using propidium iodide.
No full textBeyond its role in parturition and lactation, oxytocin influences higher brain processes that control social behavior of mammals, and perturbed oxytocin signaling has been linked to the pathogenesis of several psychiatric disorders. However, it is still largely unknown how oxytocin exactly regulates neuronal function. We show that early, transient oxytocin exposure in vitro inhibits the development of hippocampal glutamatergic neurons, leading to reduced dendrite complexity, synapse density, and excitatory transmission, while sparing GABAergic neurons. Conversely, genetic elimination of oxytocin receptors increases the expression of protein components of excitatory synapses and excitatory synaptic transmission in vitro. In vivo, oxytocin-receptor-deficient hippocampal pyramidal neurons develop more complex dendrites, which leads to increased spine number and reduced γ-oscillations. These results indicate that oxytocin controls the development of hippocampal excitatory neurons and contributes to the maintenance of a physiological excitation/inhibition balance, whose disruption can cause neurobehavioral disturbances.</jats:p
Le Protévangile de Jacques en latin. État de la question et perspectives nouvelles
No full textIn part I, the author describes and classifies the MSS transmitting the Latin text of the Protevangelium of James : 23 Latin MSS, the Irish Infancy Narratives of Liber Flavus Fergusiorum (LFF) and Leabhar Breac (LB). In part II, he clarifies several questions concerning the variety of textual forms of the Protevangelium in Western Christianity. He demonstrates the existence of at least two independent translations. (I) The first one, rather literal, is partially extant in Montpellier 55 (M ) and Paris, n.a.l. 718 (S). (II) The second one, caracterized by various amplifications, is represented by four witnesses : Sainte-Geneviève 2787 (G ; almost complete Latin text) ; the homily Inquirendum est (ch. 1-8, mss KPRBDO) ; the Latin Infancy Gospel which bring together part of PJ, the Pseudo-Matthew and an unknown « docetic » source (compilation J, 8 witnesses) ; the LFF Infancy Narrative (ch. 1-16). A third independent translation is possibly attested (mss TUE). The study suggests that this translation went through two different stages (Ha et lib), illustrating the need to clarify the concise narrative of the original Protevangelium. This Latin version was used as a model by the author of Pseudo-Matthew while recasting the PJ. The study also clarifies the prehistory, characteristics and development of J, composed before AD 800. The present study will lead to the critical edition of the various forms of the Latin Protevangelium.Dans la première partie, on décrit et classifie les témoins qui contribuent à la connaissance du Protévangile de Jacques (PJ) en latin : 23 mss latins, les évangiles irlandais de l'enfance du Liber Flavus Fergusiorum (LFF) et du Leabhar Breac (LB). On clarifie dans une seconde partie plusieurs questions touchant à la diversité des formes textuelles du PJ en Occident, démontrant l'existence d'au moins deux traductions latines indépendantes. (I) L'une, plutôt littérale, est conservée en partie dans Montpellier 55 (M ) et Paris, n.a.l. 718 (S). (II) L'autre, caractérisée par des amplifications, est représentée par 4 témoins : Sainte-Geneviève 2787 (G ; texte presque complet) ; l'homélie Inquirendum est (ch. 1-8, mss KPRBDO) ; Y Évangile latin de l'enfance combinant une partie du PJ, le Pseudo-Matthieu et une source inconnue, de coloration « docète » (compilation J, 8 témoins) ; le récit du LFF (ch. 1-16). Une troisième traduction indépendante est peut-être attestée (mss TUE). On montre ainsi l'existence de deux étapes successives d'amplification de la traduction II (Ha et lib), illustrant le besoin d'expliciter la narration concise du PJ original. Cette traduction amplifiée a servi de modèle à l'auteur du remaniement latin du Pseudo-Matthieu. On éclaire enfin les antécédents, les caractéristiques et l'évolution de J, qui a vu le jour avant 800. La présente étude trouvera son prolongement dans l'édition critique des diverses formes du Protévangile latin.Kaestli Jean-Daniel. Le Protévangile de Jacques en latin. État de la question et perspectives nouvelles. In: Revue d'histoire des textes, bulletin n°26 (1996), 1996. pp. 41-102
Two-Dimensional Substitution Series : Beyond Static Description of Structural Bottlenecks for Transport
No full textHighly conductive solid electrolytes are fundamental for all solid-state batteries with low inner cell resistance. Such fast solid electrolytes are often found by systematic substitution experiments in which one atom is exchanged for another, and corresponding changes in ionic transport are monitored. With this strategy, compositions with the most promising transport properties can be identified fast and reliably. However, the substitution of one element does not only influence the crystal structure and diffusion channel size (static) but also the underlying bonding interactions and with it the vibrational properties of the lattice (dynamic). Since both static and dynamic properties influence the diffusion process, simple one-dimensional substitution series only provide limited insights to the importance of changes in the structure and lattice dynamics for the transport properties. To overcome these limitations, we make use of a two-dimensional substitution approach, investigating and comparing the four single-substitution series Na3P1–xSbxS4, Na3P1–xSbxSe4, Na3PS4–ySey, and Na3SbS4–ySey. Specifically, we find that the diffusion channel size represented by the distance between S/Se ions cannot explain the observed changes of activation barriers throughout the whole substitution system. Melting temperatures and the herein newly defined anharmonic bulk modulus─as descriptors for bonding interactions and corresponding lattice dynamics─correlate well with the activation barriers, highlighting the relevance of lattice softness for the ion transport in this class of fast ion conductors
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