468,045 research outputs found
BENJAMIN CONSTANT AND THE PRINCIPES DE POLITIQUE
No full textopenQUESTO LAVORO FORNISCE UNA PANORAMICA SUL PENSIERO POLITICO DI BENJAMIN CONSTANT, PARTENDO DALL'OPERA DEL 1815 "PRINCIPES DE POLITIQUE APPLICABLES A TOUS LES GOUVERNEMENT".
NEL PRIMO CAPITOLO SONO ESPOSTI ALCUNI DATI BIOGRAFICI RIGUARDO ALL'AUTORE, NEL SECONDO CAPITOLO VIENE PRESENTATO IL PENSIERO DI CONSTANT RIGUARDO ALLA COSTITUZIONE, NEL TERZO CAPITOLO SONO PRESENTANTI I POTERI FONDAMENTALI CHE L'AUTORE TRATTA, NEL QUARTO CAPITOLO VIENE PRESENTATO IL PENSIERO DELL'AUTORE RIGUARDO ALLA SOCIETA' E, NELL'ULTIMO CAPITOLO, SI TROVANO ALCUNI CONFRONTI TRA BENJAMIN CONSTANT ED ALTRI AUTORI, COME ROUSSEAU E MONTESQUIEU.THIS WORK PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF BENJAMIN CONSTANT'S POLITICAL THOUGHT, STARTING FROM THE 1815 WORK "PRINCIPES DE POLITIQUE APPLICABLES A TOUS LES GOUVERNEMENT".
IN THE FIRST CHAPTER SOME BIOGRAPHICAL DATA ABOUT THE AUTHOR ARE PRESENTED, IN THE SECOND CHAPTER CONSTANT'S THOUGHT ON THE CONSTITUTION IS PRESENTED, IN THE THIRD CHAPTER THE FUNDAMENTAL POWERS THAT THE AUTHOR DEALS WITH ARE PRESENTED, IN THE FOURTH CHAPTER THERE IS THE AUTHOR'S THOUGHT ABOUT SOCIETY AND, IN THE LAST CHAPTER, THERE ARE SOME COMPARISONS BETWEEN BENJAMIN CONSTANT AND OTHER AUTHORS, LIKE ROUSSEAU AND MONTESQUIEU
Pròleg a la quarta traducció catalana d’Adolphe (1816), de Benjamin Constant
No full textEstudi filogenètic i guia hermenèutica per a la quarta traducció al català del chef d'ouvre novel·lístic de Benjamin Constant, publicat per primera vegada el 1826 a París i Londres simultàniament
Epistolae Romanorum Pontificum ... a S. Clemente I, usque ad Innocentium III, ... : Tomo I, ab anno Christi 67, ad annum 40
No full textCONSTANT LEVERAGE AND CONSTANT COST OF CAPITAL: A COMMON KNOWLEDGE HALF-TRUTH
No full textA typical approach for valuing finite cash flows is to assume that leverage is constant (usually as target leverage) and the cost of equity, Ke and the Weighted Average Cost of Capital, WACC are also assumed to be constant. For cash flows in perpetuity, and with the cost of debt, Kd as the discount rate for the tax shield, it is indeed the case that the Ke and WACC applied to the FCF are constant if the leverage is constant. However this does not hold true for finite cash flows. In this document we show that for finite cash flows, Ke and hence WACC depend on the discount rate that is used to value the tax shield, TS and as expected, Ke and WACC are not constant with Kd as the discount rate for the tax shield, even if the leverage is constant. We illustrate this situation with a simple example. We analyze five methods: DCF using APV, FCF and traditional and general formulation for WACC, present value of CFE plus debt and Capital Cash Flow, CCF.WACC, constant cost of capital, constant leverage, cash flows
Chewobrachys Constant
No full textGenus <i>Chewobrachys</i> Constant n. g. <p>Figs. 1–5.</p> <p> Type-species: <i>Eurybrachys sanguiflua</i> Walker, 1858 by original designation.</p> <p> Etymology. The name is formed by the juxtaposition of Chew, in honour of Mr Peter Chew and his children Tony and Sandy, whom I wish to thank for their contribution to a better knowledge of the life history of several species of Eurybrachidae found around Brisbane (see also Constant 2005, 2006c), and <i>brachys</i> (Greek) = short, which is a common ending of generic names among the Eurybrachidae. Gender arbitrarily feminine following the use within the family.</p> <p> Diagnosis. Medium sized (12–16 mm), brown, convex insects. Recognized by the following combination of characters: (<b>1</b>) frons slightly convex, 2 times broader than long (fig. 2), (<b>2</b>) infra-ocular spines on genae absent, (<b>3</b>) tegmina slightly convex (figs 24–28), (<b>4</b>) first fork of vein M beyond Sc-R separation (fig. 1), (<b>5</b>) clavus closed (fig. 1), (<b>6</b>) hind wings well developed, brown with base red and white markings apically (figs. 24–27), (<b>7</b>) abdomen and ventral face bright red (figs. 24–27), (<b>8</b>) ventral face of first hind tarsomere with obsolete pad of microsetae (fig. 4–5). Known only from Australia.</p> <p> Description. <i>General coloration</i>: brown to grey-brown, often suffused with olivaceous, with white waxy markings, abdomen bright red.</p> <p> <i>Head</i>: about as broad as thorax; vertex about 4 times broader than long, concave with fore and hind margins curved and carinate; frons twice broader than long (fig. 2), barely visible in dorsal view, convex, with dorsal margin slightly concave in normal view; disc longitudinally wrinkled; clypeus slightly surpassing fore coxae; labium surpassing median coxae but not reaching hind trochanters; apical segment longer than broad, acuminate, shorter and more slender than penultimate (fig. 3); no infra-ocular spine; small hump before ventral margin of eye; ocelli absent; antennae short, not visible from above, slightly surpassing lateral angle of frons but not eye; scape short, pedicel barrel-shaped.</p> <p> <i>Thorax</i>: about 1.1 times broader than length of pro- and mesonotum together; pronotum with fore margin carinate and carina close and parallel to fore margin, obsolete in middle; anterior part of disc excavate, posterior part humped; mesonotum smooth.</p> <p> <i>Tegmina</i>: nearly flat with apex slightly folded ventrad beyond clavus, elongate, about 2.5 times longer than broad; costal margin sinuate to slightly curved; apex roundly cuneiform; sutural margin sinuate; clavus closed.</p> <p>Venation (fig. 1): vein C obsolete on basal 1/3, distinct on middle 1/3; veins Sc and R separated close to base; first fork of vein M beyond Sc-R separation; veins A1 and A2 fused at about 2/3 of length of clavus.</p> <p> <i>Hind wings</i>: well developed; anal area well developed; sutural margin slightly trilobed; brown with base red and ante-apical whitish markings; apex rounded, not reaching apex of tegmen at rest.</p> <p> <i>Legs</i>: fore and median femur and tibia dorso-ventrally flattened, slender; tibia III with 3 lateral and 9 apical spines (fig. 4); first hind tarsomere elongate, with ventral face bearing group of 12 spines near apex (fig. 4) and slight tubercle with obsolete pad of microsetae at interno-apical angle (fig. 5).</p> <p> <i>Genitalia</i> ♂: pygofer short, slightly sinuate and narrower dorsally in lateral view (figs 6, 29); anal tube dorso-ventrally flattened, elongate, with anus at basal ¼ (figs 8, 31); gonostyli laterally flattened, convex and elongate, fused ventrally at base (figs 7, 30), with spiralate baso-dorsal process directed dorso-cephalad, dorsal margin strongly emarginate near apex, digitiform or pointed process at posterior 2/3 (figs 6, 29); periandrium with elongate, sclerified process directed postero-dorsally on each side of median, mainly membranous part; aedeagus sclerified, bifid apically, surpassing processes of periandrium (figs 9, 10, 32, 33).</p> <p> <i>Genitalia</i> Ψ: anal tube elongate and narrow, curved postero-ventrad, slightly v-shaped in cross section beyond anus, lanceolate in dorsal view, laminate ventrally (figs 11, 14); gonoplacs unilobed, projecting dorsolaterad, longer than high, not surpassing anal tube (fig 11); gonapophysis IX large, apically rounded and curved dorsad (fig. 11); gonocoxae VIII looking like inflated pouch (figs 11, 13); gonapophysis VIII large, dorso-ventrally flattened, fused together and with sternite VII, rounded at apex (figs. 11, 12); sternite VII produced caudad, bearing ventrally two subapical processes (figs. 11, 12); anterior vagina small, membranous (fig. 11); posterior vagina strongly sclerified, short and broad basally, subtriangular apically; five–six strong, longitudinal ridges on each side of apical constriction (figs 11, 12, 15); bursa copulatrix attached dorsally, near base, oval-shaped, produced ventrally at base before vaginal connection, much larger than posterior vagina; walls bearing weak ornamentation (fig. 11).</p> <p> <i>Sexual dimorphism</i>: females larger than males and white spots of hind wings smaller in dimension (figs 24–27).</p> <p> <i>Size</i>: 12–17 mm.</p> <p>Distribution: Eastern Australia (New South Wales and Queensland).</p> <p> Biology. Species of this genus appear to be associated with plants of the genus <i>Acacia</i> (Mimosaceae). All specimens for which the host-plant species is known with certainty have been collected on trees of the genus rather than on species that grow as shrubs. One specimen has also been collected at light, one in a house, two at interception traps and two in pitfall traps. The specimens examined have been collected from September to May.</p> <p> <i>Notes</i>: (<b>1</b>) species of the Australian genus <i>Olonia</i> Stål, 1862 can show similarly coloured hind wings and abdomen but have a pad of microsetae ventrally on the first hind tarsomere, and very different genitalia with the gonostyli spinose. The Australian species <i>Nirus corticeus</i> Jacobi, 1928 also has similarly coloured hind wings and abdomen but has concave frons, a more elongate clypeus, and very different male genitalia (see also Constant, 2006a); (<b>2</b>) the species in the genus <i>Chewobrachys</i> can only be surely identified on the basis of the male genitalia. Females are difficult to separate but the combination of some morphometrical and colour characters seems to give fairly reliable results.</p> <p> The females listed hereunder show characters that do not allow reasonably reliable identification: <b>Queensland</b>: 1 Ψ: Marsupial Creek, 94 km W of Georgetown (18°16'S 142°41'E), 200 m, 19.v-11.i.2000, pitfall, J. & P. Hasenpusch [QM]; 1 Ψ: Mazeppa N.P. (22°16'S 147°17'E), 240 m, 27.iii.2001, pyrethrum gidgee trunks, site 3, G.B. Monteith [QM]; 1 Ψ: Toowong (27°29'S 152°59'E), 3.iv.1920, S. Hainsworth [ANIC].</p>Published as part of <i>Constant, Jerome, 2008, Revision of the Eurybrachidae (XIII). The new Australian genus Chewobrachys (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha), pp. 41-54 in Zootaxa 1898</i> on pages 43-45, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/184484">10.5281/zenodo.184484</a>
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
On constant elasticities of demand
No full textWhile the Slutsky matrix and duality theory have been used to establish that constant elasticity demand functions imply unitary income elasticities, zero cross price elasticities and own price elasticities equal to minus one, this note shows that these results can also be straightforwardly derived from the simple assumption that demand functions satisfy the budget constraint with strict equality.
The spinor representation of constant mean curvature one surfaces in the Hyperbolic space
No full textWe review and comment on some aspects of the spinor representation for constant mean curvature one surfaces in hyperbolic space developed by Bobenko-Pavlyukevich-Springborn in [1]. The relations with the Bryant representation are addressed and some examples are discusse
Constant-pH MD simulations predict p<i>K</i><sub><i>a</i></sub> values of histidines in GP<sup>CL</sup>.
No full text(A) Cartoon rendering of the trimeric GPCL ectodomain (PDB: 5HJ3). One protomer within the trimer is highlighted in cyan. Also indicated are structural landmarks (FL, fusion loop; RBS, receptor-binding site; HR1, heptad repeat 1) and the 5 histidine residues that were considered in constant-pH MD simulations. (B-E) Zoomed-in views of the 5 histidines and their surrounding residues. (F) Hill plot for H39 generated from the simulated titration of the pH from 4.2 to 7.8. The fractional protonation (P) at each pH point is presented as the average ± standard error determined from three simulation runs. The data were fitted to a linear model, resulting in estimation of the pKa and Hill coefficient (n), which are presented with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses. The fit line is shown in red with 95% confidence intervals (dashed lines). Hill plots and fits for (G) H139, (H) H154, (I) H516, and (J) H549 are displayed as in (F).</p
Belbina nympha Constant 2014, comb. nov.
No full text<i>Belbina nympha</i> (Stål, 1866) comb. nov. <p>Figs 9A–E, 28–29, 50</p> <p> <i>Cornelia nympha</i> Stål, 1866: 142 (type in NHRS).</p> <p> <i>Enchophora atomaria</i> Brancsik, 1893: 253, pl. 11: figs 7, 7a (type in HNHM). syn. nov.</p> <p> <i>Cornelia nympha</i> – Schmidt 1911: 242 (listed). — Jacobi 1917: 526 (listed). — Metcalf 1947: 122 (catalogued). — Lallemand 1959: 87, fig. 33 (key, description, lateral view of head). — Constant 2004b: 31, fig. 4 (listed, habitus).</p> <p> <i>Enchophora atomaria</i> – Metcalf 1947: 114 (catalogued).</p> <p> <i>Cornelia atomaria</i> – Lallemand 1959: 88, fig. 35 (key, description, lateral view of head). — Constant 2004b: 31 (listed).</p> Diagnostic characters <p>(1) disc of hind wings red or orange (Fig. 9A); (2) ground colour of tegmina brown (Fig. 9A); (3) smallsized (less than 22 mm long); (4) cephalic process directed anterodorsad (Fig. 9D); (5) abdomen with 2 rows of black spots (Fig. 9A).</p> <p>LT: ♂ (n = 3) 18.9 mm (18.0–19.8); ♀ (n = 3) 20.6 mm (19.6–21.9).</p> Material examined <p> <b>Type material</b></p> <p> MADAGASCAR: Holotype of <i>Cornelia nympha</i>, ♀, [Madag.] [Stål] [<i>Cornelia</i> Stål] [Typus] [NHRS- HEMI 000000106] (NHRS).</p> <p> MADAGASCAR: Holotype of <i>Enchophora atomaria</i>, ♂, [Madagascar, Nossi-Bè] [<i>atomaria</i> Brancs., Coll. Brancsik] [Holotypus, <i>Enchophora atomaria</i> n.sp., Brancsik, 1893], 13°20’ S, 48°15’ E (HNHM).</p> <p> <b>Additional material</b></p> <p>MADAGASCAR: 1 ♂, Antongil Bay, Mocquerys, 15°45’ S, 49°50’ E (HNHM); 1 ♀, Diego-Suarez Prov., forest area 7 km N of Joffreville, 12°20’ S, 49°15’ E, 360 m, 22–26 Jan. 2001, Malaise trap, Irwin, Schlinger & Harin’Hala (CAS); 1 ♂, Nosy-Be (BMNH); 1 ♀, Diego-Suarez, coll. De Bergevin (MNHN); 1 ♂, no data (probably Montagne d’Ambre), Feb., coll. Sicard (MNHN); 1♀, Maroantsetra, 15°26’ S, 49°44’ E (FSAG); 1♂, Nosy Komba, flanc, May 1956, A.R., Institut Scientifique Madagascar, Nosy Komba (Nosy Koba), 12°12’ S, 49°16’ E (FSAG); 1♀, Nosibé (FSAG); 1 ♀, Madagascar (MNPC).</p> Male genitalia <p>Very finely granulose, dark brown, with gonostyli slightly paler dorsally and ventrally (Figs 29–30); pygofer higher than long and with posterior margin broadly sinuate in lateral view (Fig. 29); anal tube elongate, 1.43 times longer than broad at apex and with lateral margins diverging on basal half, then broadly rounded in dorsal view (Fig. 30); curved ventrally and with posterior margin acutely rounded apically in lateral view (Fig. 29); gonostyli elongate, 1.63 times longer than high, not surpassing anal tube and broadly rounded at apex in lateral view (Fig. 29); all margins broadly rounded except dorsal margin obliquely straight on basal half (Fig. 29); lateral hook-shaped tooth at base of dorsal margin curved lateroventrally (Fig. 29); gonostyli nearly not visible from above (Fig. 30).</p> Remarks <p> Male genitalia without basodorsal process on gonostyli. <i>Belbina nympha</i> can be separated (1) from <i>B. bergrothi</i> by the less elongate gonostyli, without large pale marking ventrally and more broadly rounded apex, and the less elongate anal tube; (2) from <i>B. foliacea</i> by having gonostyli more broadly rounded apically and without a strong angle above the mediodorsal tooth; (3) from <i>B. madagascariensis</i> by having the margins of the anal tube rounded laterally and the dorsal margin of the gonostyli broadly rounded on the apical half; (4) from <i>B. recurva</i> by not having the anal tube produced into a semi-circular lateral plate.</p> Distribution <p>See Fig. 50.</p>Published as part of <i>Constant, Jérôme, 2014, Revision of the Malagasy lanternfly genus Belbina Stål, 1863, with two new species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae), pp. 1-37 in European Journal of Taxonomy 102</i> on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.102, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3838819">http://zenodo.org/record/3838819</a>
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