1,721,049 research outputs found
Le peuplement de l’Europe au Pléistocène moyen
No full textThe anthropological particularity of the peopling of Europe in relation to the rest of the ancient world is characterized by the presence of the Neandertals. Following a brief historical summary of our ideas concerning this population, this article is developed in three parts : we first attempt to define the Neandertals from an anatomical point of view. Following this, we analyze in the second part the origin and evolution of this population in reconstituting the diverse stages of its differentiation. Finally, in the last part of this article we compare the paleoanthropological data with data provided by paleogenetics and we raise the question concerning the phylogenetic status of the Neandertals (Homo sapiens neanderthalensis or Homo neanderthalensis).La singularité anthropologique du peuplement de l’Europe par rapport à l’ensemble de l’Ancien Monde se situe dans la présence des Néandertaliens. Après un bref rappel historique de nos idées concernant cette population, cet article s’articule en trois parties : nous tâchons d’abord de définir les Néandertaliens d’un point de vue anatomique. Ensuite, nous analysons dans la deuxième partie l’origine et l’évolution de cette population en en reconstituant les diverses étapes de son évolution. Enfin, dans la dernière partie, nous confrontons les données de la paléo-anthropologie avec celles de la paléo-génétique et nous abordons la question du statut phylogénétique des Néandertaliens (Homo sapiens neanderthalensis ou Homo neanderthalensis).Condemi Silvana. Le peuplement de l’Europe au Pléistocène moyen. In: Préhistoire de l’Europe : des origines à l’Âge du Bronze. Actes du 125e Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques, « L’Europe », Lille, 2000. Paris : Editions du CTHS, 2003. pp. 27-40. (Actes du Congrès national des sociétés savantes, 125
A new thumb phalanx from Moula Guercy (France): description and considerations of Neandertal hand use
No full textIn this study we describe an adult left first pollical (thumb) proximal phalanx (I2-104) from the Baume de Moula-Guercy (Ardèche, France) and we evaluate its taxonomic status. We first describe this bone in detail, taking into account its pathology, before comparing it, through multivariate analyses, with a diverse sample of recent and fossil humans. Based on metric and morphological comparisons, we show that this phalanx belongs to a Neandertal individual who suffered from osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis can have different origins, including overuse, degeneration, trauma and infection. Each of these possible etiologies is explored in our study. Although the cause is difficult to identify, the pathology in this individual may represent an inflammatory reaction caused by repeated and intense vibrations provoked by the high-frequency knapping of the left hand over time
Compte rendu de Silvana Condemi & François Savatier : «Dernières nouvelles de Sapiens»
No full textCondemi (Silvana) - Savatier (François), Dernières nouvelles de Sapiens. – Paris : Flammarion, 2018. – 157 p. – 1 vol. broché de 11.5 × 18.5 cm. – 12,00 €. – isbn 978-2-0814-2712-9
Des restes humains dans le site paléolithique moyen ancien de Payre (Ardèche) : dents et pariétal
No full textABSTRACT Payre is a Middle Palaeolithic site which has been excavated since 1990. Radiometric dates give an age between isotopic stages 7 to 5. In 1994, 2 teeth were discovered in the deepest level G. In 1995, 2 more teeth were discovered in the same level. Summer 1996 gave other human bones : 2 teeth in G, 1 tooth in D and especially a piece of left parietal in level G. These remains complement those already known in the region : the earlier human theeth of Orgnac 3 and other, more recent, ones from Soyons. They provide elements for studying the population of the Rhône middle valley during the Middle Pleistocene period.RÉSUMÉ Le site Paléolithique moyen ancien de Payre est fouillé depuis 1990. Les datations radiométriques donnent un âge compris entre les stades isotopiques 7 à 5. En 1994 ont été mises au jour deux dents humaines dans la couche la plus profonde G. En 1995, deux nouvelles dents, toujours dans la même couche, sont découvertes. La campagne 1996 a livré encore d'autres restes humains : deux dents dans la couche G, une dent dans la couche D et surtout un fragment de pariétal gauche dans la couche G. Ces restes s'ajoutent à ceux déjà connus dans la région, plus vieux à Orgnac 3, plus récents à Soyons et permettent d'appréhender le peuplement de la moyenne vallée du Rhône durant le Pleistocene moyen.Moncel Marie-Hélène, Condemi Silvana. Des restes humains dans le site paléolithique moyen ancien de Payre (Ardèche) : dents et pariétal. In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 94, n°2, 1997. pp. 168-171
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Continuity and/or Discontinuity in the Pleistocene peopling of Europe?
No full textToday, a number of European fossils are known which can be dated between 500,000 and 900,000 years ago. These remains provide evidence of an early human settlement of Europe, which apparently predates the emergence of Neanderthals. However, the taxonomic attribution of these fossils and their phylogenetic relationship to each other and to Neanderthals remains unclear. Evidence for a direct phylogenetic relationship with Neanderthals or a discontinuity is not yet conclusive. The task is complicated by the fact that the emergence of the Neanderthal population was not abrupt, but progressive. It is probable that the peopling of Europe during the entire Pleistocene was unique and presented from its very origins an “endemic” (a cul-de-sac) character, which may explain that the first traces of fossils in Europe illustrate particularities in comparison those from Africa and from Asia. Further paleontological discoveries will be needed to redefine the status of these features and to improve our understanding of human evolution in Europe
The Mousterian Populations of the Near East
Full text linkLocalization of Middle Palaeolithic sites in Israel with human remains This article deals with the contribution of archeological excavations in Israel, as well as of studies of human fossils in the Near East. Over the last thirty years, discoveries of human fossil remains in Israel have given rise to a major debate concerning the status of Neanderthals in this region and their relationship to modern Man. After describing these discoveries of human fossil remains in Israel, I will present the..
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