1,721,026 research outputs found
Ethiopia : social and political issues
Full text linkThe complete book of eleven chapters is presented in four sections, respectively covering issues related to governance, health, gender and land. This document encompasses Chapters 1 and 2, which contextualize issues through provision of background history and politics of Ethiopia (Chapter1); and ethnicity, language and education (Chapter2)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Citizens, Civil Society, and Activism under the EPRDF Regime in Ethiopia : An Analysis from Below
No full textIn 2014-15, the Ethiopian government, together with many academics and observers, was surprised by the outbreak of anti-government protests, as large-scale public contestation of the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) had been largely absent in the regime’s history. The dominant narrative about the EPRDF regime was that it was a top-down government, using authoritarian methods to ensure the population abided by its visions and directives, and describing its role in paternalistic ways, such as being the protector and guardian of the people. Changing this narrative, Citizens, Civil Society, and Activism under the EPRDF Regime in Ethiopia considers how citizens and civil society expressed their interests and exerted their agency in an authoritarian setting. Focusing on the EPRDF regime over a period of three decades up to 2019, the book explores civic activism in Ethiopia, presenting diverse examples of how citizens have (re)shaped the country. Challenging state-centric readings of state-society relations under EPRDF governance, this collection provides a counternarrative that emphasizes the role and agency of citizens and civil society. The contributing authors draw on a heuristic analytical framework that examines different types of interactions between civil society and state actors (co-optation, co-operation, coexistence, and contestation) and captures the ways in which civil society actors make their voices heard. At a time when authoritarian forms of governance are increasingly prevalent across the world, this critically important collection offers insight into how citizens claim their agency and challenge state power in apparently top-down contexts
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Modernistisk utvikling av sukkerindustri i pastorale grensestrøk: Omdefinering av rettigheter til land og levebrød i Omo-dalen, Etiopia
Full text linkThe modernist development approach of the Ethiopian Government aims to transform rural socioeconomic and political conditions and livelihoods from ‘small-scale’ or ‘traditional’ to modern, settled and market-oriented. Since the 1950s this approach has continuously affected land and livelihood rights of pastoralists as well as the socio-economic and political relationships between centre and periphery. By establishing sugar-based agribusinesses, the changing political regimes have sought to extend their control over natural resources, increase the movement of labour, stimulate economic growth, and deepen state structures. This study contributes to the understanding of the modernist development approach of the Ethiopian sugar industry by proposing a broader conceptualisation of the development approach and discussing how it has affected the land and livelihood rights of pastoralists through the changed dynamics of centre– periphery power relations.
The dissertation comprises four interrelated articles. The first article analyses the modernist political and economic model of the Ethiopian sugar industry, its policy justifications and inherent crises, and issues of power and agency. The second article reflects on the normative, social and cultural practice of Jala, which was employed during the field research in order to establish a collaborative ethnography. The third article establishes grounded insights into the sugar industry’s modernist approach to land development and the responses that it triggered among Bodi and Mursi pastoralist groups. Finally, the fourth article probes why and how land development-induced villagisation created new structural challenges and marginalised pastoral communities in accessing their socio-economic rights.Den etiopiske regjeringens modernistiske tilnærming til utvikling tar sikte på å omdanne de sosioøkonomiske og politiske forhold og levebrødstrategier på landsbygda fra å være "småskala" eller "tradisjonelle" til å være moderne, fastboende og markedsorienterte. Siden 1950-tallet har denne tilnærmingen kontinuerlig påvirket pastoralisters rettigheter til land og levebrød, så vel som de sosioøkonomiske og politiske relasjonene mellom sentrum og periferi. Ved å etablere sukkerbaserte landbruksvirksomheter har skiftende politiske regimer forsøkt å utvide sin kontroll over naturressurser, øke arbeidskraftens mobilitet, stimulere til økonomisk vekst samt forsterke
statlige strukturer. Denne studien bidrar til forståelsen av den etiopiske sukkerindustriens modernistiske tilnærming til utvikling ved å foreslå en bredere konseptualisering av utviklingsmodellen og diskutere hvordan den har påvirket pastoralisters rettigheter til land og levebrød ved å forandre dynamikken i maktforholdene mellom sentrum og periferi.
Avhandlingen består av fire artikler. Den første artikkelen analyserer den etiopiske sukkerindustriens modernistiske, politiske og økonomiske modell, dens politiske begrunnelser, iboende kriser, samt spørsmål om makt og handlefrihet. Den andre artikkelen reflekterer over en normativ, sosial og kulturell praksis kjent som Jala, som ble benyttet under feltarbeidet for å få til en samarbeidende etnografi. Den tredje artikkelen bidrar til erfaringsbasert innsikt i sukkerindustriens modernistiske tilnærming til landbruksutvikling og de reaksjonene den utløste blant grupper av Bodi- og Mursi-pastoralister. Til slutt undersøker den fjerde artikkelen hvorfor og hvordan landbruksutvikling medførte ny bosetting i landsbyer, som igjen skapte nye strukturelle utfordringer og marginaliserte pastoralisters lokalsamfunn og deres adgang til sosioøkonomiske rettigheter
Sustainable Qatar
No full textThis open access book provides a topical overview of the key sustainability issues in Qatar, focusing on environmental sustainability from a socio-political perspective. The transition to a sustainable Qatar requires engagement with diverse areas of social-political, human, and environmental development. On the environmental aspects, the contributors address climate change, food security, water reuse and desalination, energy, and biodiversity. The socio-political section examines state strategy and regulation, the place of environmental law and geopolitics and sustainability innovators and catalysts. The human section considers economics, sustainability education, the knowledge economy, and waste management. In doing so, the book demarcates the ways in which the country encounters and grapples with significant challenges and delves into the range of options for future pathways to sustainability in Qatar. Relevant to policymakers and scholars in energy and environment, urban and developmental studies, as well as the arenas of politics, climate change and policy, this book is a landmark collection on environmental policy in the Gulf and beyond. ; This volume provides a topical overview of the key sustainability issues in Qatar, focusing on environmental sustainability from a socio-political perspective. The transition to a sustainable Qatar weaves together pillars of social-political, human, and environmental development, and so this book tackles each aspect accordingly. In the environmental section, the contributors address climate change, food security, water reuse and desalination, energy, air quality and biodiversity. The socio-political section examines state strategy and regulation, the place of environmental law and geopolitics, and sustainability innovators and catalysts. The human section considers demographic trends and models, economics – including the circular economy and green finance – transport, the built environment, and waste management. In doing so, the volume demarcates the ways in which the country encounters and grapples with significant challenges, and delves into the range of options for future pathways to sustainability in Qatar. Relevant to policymakers and scholars in energy and environment, urban, and developmental studies, as well as the arenas of politics, climate change, and policy, this book is a landmark collection on environmental policy in the Gulf, and beyond
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