123 research outputs found
Die Viten irischer Heiliger im Magnum Legendarium Austriacum
No full textIn der österreichischen Legendensammlung des Magnum Legendarium Austriacum, die in den Klöstern Admont, Heiligenkreuz, Melk, Lilienfeld und Zwettl sowie in einer Handschrift der österreichischen Nationalbibliothek überliefert ist, befinden sich interessanterweise auch die Lebensbeschreibungen von 21 irischen Heiligen. Wer diese waren, welche von ihnen in Österreich verehrt wurden bzw. werden und in welchem Zusammenhang sie zum Magnum Legendarium Austriacum sie stehen könnten, habe ich versucht in dieser Arbeit zusammen zu fassen. Hier hat sich eine Schnittmenge mit der Arbeit von Christine Zucchelli ergeben, die die Verehrung irischer Heiliger in Österreich zum Thema hat.
Aufgrund meiner Beschäftigung mit dem Thema bin ich zu dem Schluss gekommen, dass die Anzahl der Iren, deren Viten im Magnum Legendarium Austriacum verewigt sind, als unwichtiger einzuschätzen ist, als postuliert wird. Dies habe ich versucht durch Materialsammlung zu begründen.
Den zweiten Teil dieser Schrift nehmen die Bearbeitungen dreier Viten aus dieser Gruppe ein:
- die Vita des heiligen Kevin von Glendalough, ein auch heute noch wichtiger Heiliger in Irland, der bei uns aber kaum bekannt ist. Diese war bisher unbearbeitet, ich habe eine Textversion aus allen Überlieferungshandschriften erstellt, kommentiert und übersetzt.
- die Vita der heiligen Ita von Killeedy, die auch heute noch in Irland verehrt wird. 2003 waren die Texte aus dem Magnum Legendarium Austriacum Thema einer Arbeit in Utrecht. Ich habe den Text auf der Basis von vier der fünf Handschriften neu bearbeitet, übersetzt und kommentiert.
- die unvollständige Vita des heiligen Ronan, der historisch kaum greifbar ist. 1898 wurde der Text in den Analecta Bollandiana 17 ediert, aber ohne, dass Einsicht in die Zwettler Handschrift genommen wurde. Ich habe diesen Text unter Zuhilfenahme dieser und zweier anderer Handschriften neu bearbeitet, kommentiert und ebenfalls übersetzt.The so – called Great Austrian Legendary or Magnum Legendarium Austriacum is a collection of vitae sanctorum sanctarumque. It is exstant in several monasteries, namely Admont, Heiligenkreuz, Lilienfeld, Melk and Zwettl. There is even one more manuscript exstant in the National Library of Austria.
Within this collection, there is a significant number of originally Irish saints. Within this work I tried to give a picture of who these holy Irishmen and women were and why their lives should be included in this collection. This is not a thesis on which Irish saints are worshiped in Austria, although I included the cults of those MLA saints, that are being cried to. I also worked on a theory, that the Irish offspring of these twenty one saints does not play as much as an important a role in the studies on the MLA as has been promoted in literature.
The second part of this thesis is dedicated to the vitae of three Irish saints to be found in the MLA.
- St. Kevin of Glendalough: his life has not been edited yet, so I compiled a text using all manuscripts. Furthermore I wrote a commentary and translated the text.
- St. Ite of Killeedy: her MLA life has already been the theme of a thesis written in Utrecht. I revised the text, added, commented and translated it into German.
- St. Ronan: the MLA life was already published in 1898 in the Analecta Bollandiana. The editor did non use the manuscript of Zwettl. I compiled a text using three of four existing manuscripts, wrote explanatory notes and translatet it
Reproductive Toxicology / The unique applicability of the human placenta to the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) concept: the placenta provides fundamental insights into human organ functions at multiple levels of biological organization
No full textDespite the short lifespan of the human placenta, the proper formation and function of the organ is of crucial importance for fetal development. Placental dysfunction increases the risk of complications for mother and child during pregnancy and childbirth and beyond as it predisposes to fetal programming. The placenta is an upstream organ of the fetus. It performs the functions of fetal lungs, liver, intestines, kidneys and glands as long as these organs are not fully functional. Furthermore, it is the only human organ that is non-invasively available either after elective abortion or after birth. This is a crucial point given that the conceptual framework of Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) requires data on organ function. In vitro and ex vivo placental studies, combined with epidemiological and clinical data on pregnant women, newborns, and infants can uniquely cover all levels of information needed to develop new AOPs and complement existing AOPs related to reproductive toxicity and beyond. To stimulate further research in this area and to support researchers in future studies dealing with the development of AOPs related to the placenta, this review first gives a brief description of placental structure, placental development and relevant pregnancy diseases. The state of knowledge about the available placental models, their particularities and limitations are briefly discussed. Finally, the use of placental research for the development of AOPs is presented with an illustrative example
The relevance of the individual genetic background for the toxicokinetics of two significant neurodevelopmental toxicants: Mercury and lead
No full textPhysical Activity and Sedentary Time in Pregnancy: An Exploratory Study on Oxidative Stress Markers in the Placenta of Women with Obesity
Get PDFRegular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and reduced sedentary time (ST) improve maternal glucose metabolism in pregnancy. More MVPA and less ST outside pregnancy increase antioxidant capacity, hence, are beneficial in preventing oxidative stress. The placenta is the first line of defense for the fetus from an adverse maternal environment, including oxidative stress. However, effects of MVPA and ST on oxidative stress markers in the placenta are unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the association of MVPA and ST in pregnancy with oxidative stress markers in placentas of overweight/obese women (BMI ≥ 29 kg/m(2)). MVPA and ST were objectively measured with accelerometers at <20 weeks, 24–27 and 35–37 weeks of gestation. Using linear Bayesian multilevel models, the associations of MVPA and ST (mean and changes) with mRNA expression of a panel of 11 oxidative stress related markers were assessed in 96 women. MVPA was negatively correlated with HSP70 mRNA expression in a sex-independent manner and with GCLM expression only in placentas of female fetuses. ST was positively associated with HO-1 mRNA expression in placentas of male neonates. None of the other markers were associated with MVPA or ST. We speculate that increasing MVPA and reducing ST attenuates the oxidative stress state in placentas of obese pregnant women
Lead (Pb) and neurodevelopment: A review on exposure and biomarkers of effect (BDNF, HDL) and susceptibility
Get PDFThis research was supported by funding from the European Unions' Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme under grant agreement No 733032 HBM4EU.Lead (Pb) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and a potent toxic compound. Humans are exposed to Pb
through inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact via food, water, tobacco smoke, air, dust, and soil. Pb accumulates
in bones, brain, liver and kidney. Fetal exposure occurs via transplacental transmission. The most critical
health effects are developmental neurotoxicity in infants and cardiovascular effects and nephrotoxicity in adults.
Pb exposure has been steadily decreasing over the past decades, but there are few recent exposure data from
the general European population; moreover, no safe Pb limit has been set. Sensitive biomarkers of exposure,
effect and susceptibility, that reliably and timely indicate Pb-associated toxicity are required to assess human
exposure-health relationships in a situation of low to moderate exposure.
Therefore, a systematic literature review based on PubMed entries published before July 2019 that addressed
Pb exposure and biomarkers of effect and susceptibility, neurodevelopmental toxicity, epigenetic modifications,
and transcriptomics was conducted. Finally included were 58 original papers on Pb exposure and 17 studies on
biomarkers. The biomarkers that are linked to Pb exposure and neurodevelopment were grouped into effect
biomarkers (serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and serum/saliva cortisol), susceptibility markers
(epigenetic markers and gene sequence variants) and other biomarkers (serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL),
maternal iron (Fe) and calcium (Ca) status). Serum BDNF and plasma HDL are potential candidates to be further
validated as effect markers for routine use in HBM studies of Pb, complemented by markers of Fe and Ca status to
also address nutritional interactions related to neurodevelopmental disorders. For several markers, a causal
relationship with Pb-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity is likely. Results on BDNF are discussed in relation to
Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) 13 ("Chronic binding of antagonist to N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors
(NMDARs) during brain development induces impairment of learning and memory abilities”) of the AOP-Wiki.
Further studies are needed to validate sensitive, reliable, and timely effect biomarkers, especially for low to
moderate Pb exposure scenarios.European Unions' Horizon 2020 research and innovation Programme 733032 HBM4E
Methylmercury Uptake into BeWo Cells Depends on LAT2-4F2hc, a System L Amino Acid Transporter
No full textThe organic mercury compound methylmercury (MeHg) is able to target the fetal brain. However, the uptake of the toxicant into placental cells is incompletely understood. MeHg strongly binds to thiol-S containing molecules such as cysteine. This MeHg-l-cysteine exhibits some structural similarity to methionine. System L plays a crucial role in placental transport of essential amino acids such as leucine and methionine and thus has been assumed to also transport MeHg-l-cysteine across the placenta. The uptake of methylmercury and tritiated leucine and methionine into the choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo was examined using transwell assay and small interfering (si)RNA mediated gene knockdown. Upon the downregulation of large neutral amino acids transporter (LAT)2 and 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain (4F2hc), respectively, the levels of [H]leucine in BeWo cells are significantly reduced compared to controls treated with non-targeting siRNA (p < 0.05). The uptake of [H]methionine was reduced upon LAT2 down-regulation as well as methylmercury uptake after 4F2hc silencing (p < 0.05, respectively). These findings suggest an important role of system L in the placental uptake of the metal. Comparing the cellular accumulation of mercury, leucine, and methionine, it can be assumed that (1) MeHg is transported through system L amino acid transporters and (2) system L is responsible for the uptake of amino acids and MeHg primarily at the apical membrane of the trophoblast. The findings together can explain why mercury in contrast to other heavy metals such as lead or cadmium is efficiently transported to fetal blood.(VLID)486719
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