295 research outputs found
Dual ATPase and GTPase activity of the replication-associated protein (Rep) of beak and feather disease virus
No full textPsittacine beak and feather disease affects parrots resulting in an immunosuppressive disease that is often characterized by an abnormal shape and growth of the animal's beak, feathers, and claws. Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is a single-stranded circular DNA virus and is classified as a member of the Circoviridae family. Two major open reading frames (ORFs) are known to encode the replication-associated (Rep) protein and the capsid-associated (Cap) protein
Integrating Art and Science: Evolution of the Beak
No full textabstract: Evolution is a powerful process that acts on features as organisms adapt to fill a variety of niches. It is visible in the emergence of the beak in the fossil record, through a number of small changes over time. To explain and convey these changes to a general audience, I produced an art book combining my review of bird beak evolution with art. The intent was to present evolution in an informative, visual, and engaging manner that a general audience would be able to understand
Development of an antigen-capture ELISA for beak and feather disease virus
No full textPsittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) is characterised by degenerative feather, feather dystrophy, and beak deformity. Sometimes acute forms can lead to fatal cases in nestlings. The worldwide distribution of this disease affects numerous species of parrots with an average prevalence of 40%, including in Taiwan. The pathogen of PBFD is beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), which is a single-stranded circular DNA virus, circovirus. To date, hemagglutination and PCR assays have been routinely used to detect this virus. In this study, both the replication-associated protein (Rep) and the structural capsid protein (Cap) were expressed and then used as antigens for the production of monoclonal antibodies. Conserved epitopes recognised by the anti-Cap and anti-Rep monoclonal antibodies were determined to be NFEDYRI and LSALKKM, respectively. Clinical samples collected from different species of parrots were tested by hemagglutination, PCR, and anti-Cap antigen-capture ELISA assays and the positive rates were the same at 49%. Thus, this anti-Cap antigen-capture ELISA is able to be used for the rapid identification of BFDV-infected birds in a non-invasive manner
Beak morphology and limb proportions as adaptations of hadrosaurid foraging ecology
No full textHadrosauridae, consisting of two subfamilies (Hadrosaurinae and Lambeosaurinae), is a successful her-bivorous dinosaur group that established a high taxonomic diversity and a cosmopolitan biogeographic distribution during the Late Cretaceous. While its success is often attributed to a highly specialized oral processing system, the foraging strategy of this group remains unclear. This study focuses on two critical factors in foraging strategy, food selectivity and locomotor ecology, in these hadrosaurid subfamilies. Three-dimensional beak shapes and limb segment proportions are used as the proxies for food selectivity and locomotor ecology, respectively. The beak shape analysis demonstrates trends of anteriorly acute beaks in hadrosaurines and anteriorly wide beaks in lambeosaurines. The limb segment proportion analysis shows short proximal limb segments in hadrosaurines and long proximal limb segments in lambeosaurines. These results suggest that hadrosaurines preferred selective consumption of high-quality food with energy -inefficient locomotor ecology, while lambeosaurines preferred mass consumption of low-quality food with energy-efficient locomotion and that differences in foraging strategy might have enhanced dietary niche partitioning in the subfamily level of hadrosaurids. In addition, this study tests a relationship between limb proportions and habitat environments in hadrosaurids. We demonstrate that hadrosaurids from the coastal environments have shorter forelimbs than those from the terrestrial environment. Since short forelimbs are better suited for temporal bipedalism than long forelimbs, the limb proportion difference may indicate adaptations to different feeding heights, possibly due to different regional vegetations.(c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
ARE BIRDS ABLE TO TASTE AND REJECT BUTTERFLIES BASED ON 'BEAK MARK TASTING'? A DIFFERENT POINT OF VIEW
No full textAbstractIt is widely accepted that birds are able to taste toxic chemical substances in the wings of a butterfly by grabbing or pecking a small piece of the wing without disrupting the integrity of the integument ('beak mark tasting'). If found toxic, the bird will release the insect unharmed. This supposition has been used to explain some aspects of the interrelationship between birds as predators and butterflies as prey, especially the role of birds in the evolution of butterfly color patterns. It also is used to support the theory of aposematisc coloration, especially in butterflies. On the basis of the anatomy of the avian gustatory apparatus, the distribution of the taste buds in the beak cavity, and the physiology of taste, this author considers this supposition a misconception. The frequent beak marks seen on the wings of aposematic butterflies are not considered to be a proof of taste rejection by birds after contact with the chemical compound(s) supposed to provide the insect with a chemical defense, but a sign of active escape of the butterfly from its captor. Some aspects of the interrelationship between birds and butterflies, considered to be well explained on the basis of taste rejection of butterflies via 'beak mark tasting' by the birds, are critically discussed in this paper.
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Alpha-lithioamine synthetic equivalents from N-Boc secondary amines: Piperideine, pyrrolidine, and perhydroazepine
No full textThe tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) group has been shown to be an excellent lithiation directing group for the \alpha\sp\prime-metalation of carbamates from unactivated cyclic secondary amines; piperidine, pyrrolidine, and perhydroazepine to provide -lithioamine synthetic equivalents. The Boc group can be easily introduced on the nitrogen, stable to strong alkyllithium bases, and easily cleaved after elaborations. Determination of the stereochemistry of the lithiation-substitution sequences and the use of this approach to synthesize representative piperidine alkaloids which have cis-2,6-disubstituents (N-Boc dihydropinidine) and trans-2,6-disubstituents (solenopsin A) in high yields will be presented.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T14:13:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Social rejection and meaning-making in young people with facial dermatological differences
No full textSocioanthropological theories predict that individuals with visible differences will be judged and treated more negatively (Langlois et al., 2000). Empirical research is largely supportive of this hypothesis, with studies demonstrating implicit and explicit reactions from observers that devalue and marginalize people who are visibly different (Stone, 2022). Research looking for psychological difficulties in people with visible differences because of presumed socially rejecting experiences has found equivocal outcomes, with some studies finding no difference or better functioning in visibly different participants (Andersson et al., 2011). In order to understand the space between socially rejecting experiences and psychological adjustment, this study used inductive qualitative methodology to hear the experiences of young people with visible differences and their impact on their psychological development. Reflexive thematic analysis of individual interviews with ten 11- to 14-year-olds with chronic dermatological facial differences revealed that all experienced social rejection from their peers. Participants described the process of trying to understand and manage these experiences while building a positive sense of self. This study succeeded in confirming that young people with visible dermatological differences experience social rejection. It also went further in indicating multifactorial pathways linking social rejection with psychological development which might account for equivocal findings in studies that assume a simple relationship. Implications for research and clinical practice are considered
Rhynchospera alba (White Beak-rush) : White Beak-rush
No full textClass: Monocotyledoneae
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Rhynchospera
Species: alb
Novel syntheses by directed lithiations of N-Boc benzylamines and cyclopropylamines
No full textThe lithiation-substitution of N-Boc benzylamines and cyclopropylamines have been investigated to explore the synthetic potential of these substrates. We have achieved the syntheses of highly enantioenriched benzylic -substituted N-Boc secondary amines using RLi/(-)-sparteine. Extension of this chemistry to asymmetric syntheses of both enantiomers of primary -substituted benzylamines and -disubstituted benzylamines has been achieved successfully. Also, the N-Boc group was used as an activating and directing group for the and lithiation-substitution of cyclopropanes. Extension of this chemistry to syntheses of highly functionalized cyclopentane by (3 + 2) cycloaddition and asymmetric synthesis of N-Boc azabicyclic (3.10) hexane was investigated.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:24:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Beta-lithiations of carboxamides: An investigation of the regio- and stereoselectivity of directed lithiations
No full textAn investigation of the diastereoselective -metalation and of the structure of a carbanion of a -phenyl tertiary amide has been carried out. The directed metalation has been found to occur with high diastereoselectivity and the resulting carbanion is best described as a pyramidal benzyllithium species based on \sp{13}C NMR evidence.Secondary amides have been shown to act as directing groups for -lithiations, and the dianion homoenolate equivalents have been shown to react with a variety of electrophiles. We have found that the remote metalations can be directed by secondary amides employing several anion stabilizing groups, and the secondary amides can undergo remote metalations when no -alkyl substituent is present. The rate of the directed deprotonation has been found to be dependent upon the chain length between the amide group and the anion stabilizing group. The investigation of using secondary amides as homoenolate equivalents as well as the potential and limitations of these homoenolate equivalents will be addressed.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T14:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 1991Item marked as restricted to the 'UIUC Users [automated]' Group (id=2) by Howard Ding ([email protected]) on 2011-05-07T15:06:55Z
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