1,720,956 research outputs found
Centre internship / Stagiaire au CRDI
No full textDevelopment in information and communication technology has resulted in the emergence of open
access institutional repository which is a digital archive for the preservation and dissemination of institutional research outputs. Institutional repositories make possible wide dissemination of research outputs by the mean of the internet. The growth of open access institutional repositories has been very remarkable in many developed countries. However, academic and research institutions in many
developing countries like Nigeria are still battling to overcome many challenging issues in attempt to make their research outputs openly accessible by mean of internet technologies like institutional repositories. Some of the issues identified in this which adversely militate against the development of institutional repository in the country are:
• Lack of awareness of open access institutional repositories among researchers and academics
in the country’s academic and research institutions. More than 74% of the respondents
surveyed during the course of the research are completely unfamiliar with open access
institutional repository.
• Inadequate information and communication technology infrastructure. A major problem in
this area is the high cost of internet bandwidth in the region. This cost results from the use of
satellite infrastructure for internet connection as opposed to much efficient and cheaper fibre
optic infrastructure. There is also the problem of inadequate and epileptic electricity supply
to power ICT facilities in academic institutions. The long-term solution to the high cost of
bandwidth lies in the development of more fibre optic infrastructure in the region as well as
open access to same. The issue of poor electricity power supply will necessitate further
research into eco-friendly alternative energy generating system to power ICT facilities in
academic and research institutions.
• Inadequate funding also constitutes another problem identified in the course of the research.
Most of the academic and research institutions in Nigeria are funded by the government.
These institutions continue to grapple with percentage decline in budgetary allocation.
Considering the fact that development of institutional repository in this part of the world is a capital intensive project, funding constitutes another major obstacle to the development of institutional repository in the country’s institutions.
• The low level of awareness of open access institutional repository in Nigeria is directly link to issue of inadequate advocacy for open access in Nigeria. One of the best ways to promote
the development of open access institutional repository in developing countries is through
advocacy. Effective advocacy presupposes that the advocates or stakeholders are very familiar with the concept. Unfortunately, evidence in the course of this research reveal that knowledge of open access institutional repository is very low among the major stakeholders in the developing region. The research analysed the recommended the South African approach in dealing with the issue through open access workshops and training for
stakeholders. This research paper concludes by highlighting the need for researchers to retain the copyright to their research works in other to have the capability to make such works available in open access repositories. This is possible through the use alternative publishing agreement. By means of an alternative publishing agreement, researchers are able to grant a limited right (license) to publishers to publish their work while the copyright in the work remains with the researcher or author of the work
A New Approach to Data Security Breaches
Get PDFThis article examines the problems associated with data security breaches from two different, but not mutually exclusive, perspectives. The first part of the article examines the need for notification in the event of a data security breach and proposes an amendment of the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Document Act (PIPEDA) to create a legal, or statutory, obligation in Canada to compel disclosure or notification of data security breaches. My recommendations are based on the examination of legislation from other legal jurisdictions, highlighting, where necessary, the shortcomings of the legislation, which ought to be taken into consideration in amending PIPEDA or in drafting a model data security breach notification legislation in Canada.
The second part of the article examines the resort to the common law tort of negligence by victims of data security breaches in seeking legal remedy from individuals or organizations whose negligent act(s) resulted in a data spill. While acknowledging that data security breach is a new phenomenon, not yet adequately addressed in common law, I shall go further to show the difficulty in attempts to redress much of the legal claims that come with data security breaches in common law
Centre internship / Stagiaire du CRDI
No full textThe research paper examines legal and ethical issues affecting open access to research data, and more specifically the diverse intellectual property rights relating to data in different legal jurisdictions. It looks at frameworks for enhancing open access to research data, such as the open data contract, Open Content Licenses and the Open Data Commons. The pros and cons of each of these frameworks are discussed as well as dimensions of privacy that relate to public access
Sustainable Legal Framework for Transboundary Movement of Electronic Waste
No full textThe quest for sustainable development has always involved the complex task of reconciling the need for socio-economic development with public health and environmental protection. This challenge has often emerged in the trade and environment debate but has most recently been evident in international trade in used electrical and electronic equipment (UEEE). While international trade in UEEE provides means for socio-economic development in the developing world, it also serves as a conduit for transboundary dumping of e-waste in the developing world giving rise to serious health and environmental concerns. This research investigates the socio-economic as well as health and environmental impacts of international trade in UEEE in two developing countries – Nigeria and Ghana. The research identifies a major loophole in the existing international legal framework as the primary factor responsible for e-waste dumping in the developing world. This loophole relates to the absence of a legal framework for differentiating between functional UEEE and junk e-waste. This has resulted in both functional UEEE and junk e-waste being concurrently shipped to the developing world as “used electrical and electronic equipment”. The research proposes two policy frameworks for addressing this problem. On the part of developing countries, the research proposes a trade policy framework crafted in line with WTO rules. This framework will entail the development of an international certification system which will serve to differentiate functional used electronics from junk e-waste. While the former may be eligible for import, the research proposes an import ban on the latter. On the part of developed countries, the research proposes the development of a policy framework which regulates the toxic and hazardous substances that go into the production of electrical and electronic equipment as well as enhance their reusability and recyclability at end-of-life. The framework should take into consideration the entire life cycle of the products from the design stage to end-of-life. The research argues that the implementation of this design framework will go a long way in reducing the health and environmental impacts of such equipment when subsequently shipped to the developing world at end-of-life
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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