1,720,983 research outputs found
Bud Dormancy and Production Design of Deciduous Fruit Trees
No full text在台灣栽培落葉果樹與溫帶傳統的栽培方式有極大差異，冬季相對高溫對打破芽體休眠而言，是一種逆境，但是也提供了某些品系如橫山梨、巨峰葡萄產期調節的潛力“若再加上台灣多變化的地形，則作物的生理時鐘，將可利用「時空轉換」的方式，任由研究人員加以調整，如此將可使落葉果樹逃避逆境，提高品質，調節產期。品系、時間、空間、技術的慎密組合設計，是台灣落葉果樹研究與獨特生產模式的重要途徑。
Taiwan, an subtropical island with high mountains, has variable geographic and climatic condition, thus offers a good enviroment to study the regulation of growth of deciduous fruits. Many special cropping systems had been developped by local growers in the past 30 years, including top-work of chilling-satisfied flower buds of Japanese pear on the virgrous shoots of lower chilling-required cultivars (Heng San etc) at the lower land, and the cultivation of off-season fruit of Heng San pear.
It is possible to harvest the fresh pear monthly by a serious production design. The combinations of cultivars (variable chilling requirement), site of orchard (variable altitude) and cropping system (regular and off-season), may create more opportunity to satisfy the demand of consumers on this island.
The dwarfing and forcing of flower bud development of “Nijuseki” pear on the regular root stock “ Old Home × Farmingdale” had been induced by dormant stress (without chilling at first winter). The balance of plant hormones of scion rather than root stock may cause the dwarfing effect
Studies On Papaya Training
No full text為了開發產量穩定與有效降低植株高度的番木瓜整枝模式，本研究調查整枝後初期對植株產量與生育的影響情況，並觀察莖幹組織經整枝受傷後恢復的情形，初探乙烯與整枝後番木瓜莖長生長受抑的關係，並調查近年來番木瓜產業上運用整枝技術的景況與不同栽培模式對植株生育之影響
番木瓜在整枝處理後，初期的植株莖幹生長減緩，株長及株高增加量大幅降低，而產量部分，葉芽增加量在整枝後3天有低於未整枝植株，但一週後便恢復與未整枝植株相同。在花序產生與脫落數量、著果量與莖幹周徑增加方面則與未整枝植株略同，推測整枝後初期產量會受影響而略減，但可快速恢復。
莖幹整枝部位，受傷的組織快速癒合並在短期內分化產生新的分生組織，10個月後即有新的輸導組織。而在整枝處理後30天，則以側倒處理植株上有較多的乙烯生成量，整枝拉引處理植株次之，其餘略同，顯示頂梢生長受抑所相關的乙烯並非來自整枝受傷時所產生的乙烯，由植株生長型態看來，莖幹傾斜彎曲較可有效地控制株高。
關於番木瓜商業整枝栽培方面，偃曲整枝、棚架整枝與懸吊整枝植株之株高都明顯低於未整枝植株，株長方面也因整枝株齡早晚而有相對性明顯降低。宿留果實數方面雖較少於未整枝植株，但在棚架留幹整枝模式顯示，整枝植株比未整枝植株可延長產期多達2年以上。由懸吊整枝模式測得的果實品質，果實較小於未整枝植株，其餘差異不大，而棚架留幹整枝模式測得的果實品質可達品種特質。在棚架整枝模式風害調查方面，整枝植株風害較低，恢復力可望提高。
整枝處理可有效長期地降低番木瓜植株高度，使得栽培用網室高度降低，更可使番木瓜種植於不同的栽培設施中，生產高品質果品。To build the papaya training system which has stable yield and decrease plant height effectually. The research investigates 4 different subjects. First, to survey the yield and development after training. Second, to observe the healing after training operation. Third, to understand the relation between ethylene and trunk growth of papaya after training. Forth, to evaluate the training models which were used in commercial orchards.
1. Yield and growth development after training－initially the trunk growth was retarded and the growth rate reduces substantially. Rate of leaf buds decreased in 3days, but it becomes the same in one week after treatment. The fruit setting and the circumference is almost the same with the control. So, the production decreased slightly, but recovered soon.
2. The healing after training operation －hurt tissue could heal quickly and produce new meristem in short-term. 10 months later, there will produce new vascular bundle system.
3. Relation between ethylene and training－‘Lodging' plant has ethylene released more than another in 30days after treatment, next was the plant of ‘Training＋Pulling',and another be the same with control . Ethylene might retard growth of shoot not released from training operation. In the appearance of plant growth, plant height was controlled effectually by the incline and curve of stem.
4. Evaluation of training system－plant length and height was shorter with ‘Early training', ‘Pergola training' and ‘Suspensory training' apparent than control. Respectively the fruit number of suspension training was less than control, but duration papaya production could be extended more than 2years with ‘Remain branch training'. The fruit qualities have no significant different among various training system. In the investigation of windbreak, damage was reduced and restored quickly with ‘pergola training system'.
Training could decrease the plant height of papaya effectually in long-term. It would be even to decrease the height of net(plastic)houses and produce stable yield with high quality.前言……………………………………………………………………1
前人研究………………………………………………………………2
一、 番木瓜生育特性
二、 台灣防病毒栽培模式
三、 整枝定義與技術
四、 整枝對植株的影響
五、 莖幹受傷後再生
材料與方法………………………………………………………… 10
一、 整枝對植株生理之影響
二、番木瓜整枝模式之發展及商業栽培應用
結果………………………………………………………………… 22
一、 整枝對植株生理之影響
二、番木瓜整枝模式之發展及商業栽培應用
討論…………………………………………………………………55
中文摘要……………………………………………………………62
英文摘要……………………………………………………………63
參考文獻……………………………………………………………6
Studies on Budbreak and Requlation of Production Time of peach( Prunus persica) with Hydrogen Cyanamide
No full text氰胺可以促進‘佛州紅桃’(Flordared)生體枝條的萌芽與‘臺農甜蜜桃
’ (Premier)開放授粉種子的發芽，同時在高濃度下也會有抑制萌芽(發
芽)或使芽體脫落、枝條焦枯發生。以低濃度氰胺可以造成傷害，再組合
一些化學藥劑可以促進或抑制萌芽勢提前，顯示低濃度氰胺可能形成一特
殊徑路，使promalin、ABA等藥劑可以循此徑路到達作用點產生作用。經
化學藥劑催芽而得的幼苗，有很高程度的生理矮化(physiologically
dwarfed )情形，顯示催芽劑不能取代GA的角色或催芽劑不能誘發GA的生
合成使得實生苗初生莖不能抽長。氰胺促進萌芽的作用是不可移動且祇有
塗抹處才有促進萌芽或使芽體脫落產生，與其氮肥所扮演的角色無關，並
且催芽的效果與其施用在植物體的劑量有關。以TTC(2.3.5-
triphenyltetrazolium chloride)對‘甜蜜桃’休眠芽進行活力(
viability)檢測，顯示施用氰胺會使‘臺農甜蜜桃’芽體生理活性降低，
即造成‘臺農甜蜜桃’芽體傷害，並且在適當傷害下會有修補性回復發生
，推測這是經由氰胺處理後促進萌芽的主因。氰胺可以誘發乙烯生合成，
但無直接證據支持氰胺催芽的效果來自乙烯。本省低海拔水蜜桃經濟品種
‘臺農甜蜜桃’利用80%遮光網遮光，在日常溫度下可以降低1.1-4.5℃，
由1993年10月12日至1994年2月22日止進行 80%遮光會延遲‘甜蜜桃’萌
芽，並且會有較差的果重與果徑表現。 1994年11月8日對‘臺農甜蜜桃’
進行人工落葉，可以促進‘臺農甜蜜桃’提早萌芽，但萌芽率差，座果情
形不良，其萌芽率與座果率分別為20.8%與 4.7%。氰胺1.225%在不同休眠
時期催芽，以1995年1月22日催芽最佳，其萌芽率為55.3%，並且有最好的
座果率；氰胺2.45%在不同休眠時期催芽以1994年12月15日可以得到最佳
萌芽率，但座果率不佳僅10%。以氰胺 1.225%在不同休眠時期催芽可以促
進產期提前，但由於果實硬核的時間不同，使得催芽提早1個月、1個半月
和2個月，產期僅能提前6日、12日和32日。果實品質與催芽期的早晚無明
顯相關，但提早結實有利於果形圓整與降低畸形果比例。Hydrogen cyanamide could stimulate the budbreak of 'Flordared'
buds and the germination of 'Premier' seeds dormancy.
However, It also occurred the inhibit of budbreak, removed or
dead for buds while we used higher concentration of hydrogen
cyanamide. The results may explain the hypothesis that
sublethal dosages or damaged concentration is necessary for
hydrogen cyanamide. In the TTC ( 2.3.5-triphenyltetrazolium
chloride ) tested the viability of peach tissue recovered 120
hours after treatment suggests that the compensatory growth may
be induced to break bud dormancy. We compared peach (prunus
persica(L.) Batsch.) seed and seedling emergence after hydrogen
cyanamide and various stratification treatments. Four hours
chemicals soaking for seeds were inhibit germination and the
seedling was often physiologically dwarfed after chemicals
treatments. It meant the chemicals could not replace the GA or
stimulate GA synthesis and higher dosages caused damaged. The
combination of hydrogen cyanamide with ABA caused the budbreak
delay and the lower concentration of hydrogen cyanamide would
form a special "path". It could be very functional through
using the "path". Forcing culture of 'Premier' and
'Flordared' peaches have been test in the lowland of central
Taiwan by painting hydrogen cyanamide from winter to early
spring. 0.6% or 1.2% of hydrogen cyanamide are suitable to
break peach bud dormancy from January to February. The harvest
time was 2 weeks earlier than control was. The fruits could be
picked just before rainy season and sold to market in off-
season of imported peach
A taxonomy of Ebenaceae in Taiwan
No full text本研究利用OTU（Operational taxonomic unit）數據分類法及傳統的性狀形態分類法，探討台灣產柿樹科植物之分類問題，並與台灣鄰近地區（包括台灣、日本、中國大陸等東亞地區為主）所產的主要近緣種類做詳細比較，所得結果如下：
台灣原產柿樹科植物可處理為山豆柿D. lotus L.、俄氏柿D. oldhamii Max.、楓港柿D. vaccinioides Lindl. var. fengchangensis (S. Y. Lu) T. Y. Hsieh,comb. nov.、黃心柿D. maritima Blume、菲律賓柿D. philippensis (Desr.) Gürke、山紅柿D. morisiana Hance、軟毛柿D. eriantha Champ. ex Benth.、蘭嶼柿D.kotoensis Yamazaki、象牙柿D. egbert-walkeri Kostermans、老鴉柿D. rhombifolia Hemsl.等共十個分類群。
本科植物依其外部形態所表現之性狀特徵，經數據化分析計算後，所得之性狀相似性樹形圖及相似性指數矩陣與傳統分類法所得之研究結果大致相符，可印證本科植物各分類群間之關係。This study was investigated on the taxonomy of Ebenaceae in Taiwan by classical mathematical taxonomy.The results of the study were summarized as follows:
According to the study, Ebenaceae in Taiwan was classified into one genera with ten species and one variety.They are Diospyros eriantha Champ. ex Benth.、D. philippensis (Desr.) Gürke、D. egbert-walkeri Kostermans、D. lotus L.、D. kotoensis Yamazaki、D. maritima Blume、D. morrisiana Hance、D. oldhamii Maxim.、D. rhombifolia Hemsl.、D. vaccinioides Lindl. var. fengchangensis (S. Y. Lu) T. Y. Hsieh,comb. nov.
The results of the mathematical taxonomy, based on the morphological characters were corresponding with the classification of the classical taxonomy of Ebenaceae.
Besides the characteristic descriptions of the genera and species for Ebenaceae,an analytical key , synonym and description for all species were presented in this research. This study could be a useful indication for the taxonomy of Ebenaceae in Taiwan.一、前言
二、前人研究
三、材料方法
四、結果與討論
五、結論
六、參考文
Utilizing Spent Mushroom Compost on the Campus Planting
No full text在中興大學校園進行綠美化的季節主要分為秋冬春季及夏季二個階段，於十月至隔年春季主要利用矮牽牛、非洲鳳仙花、大波斯菊等一、二年生草花；夏季則搭配校園活動，主要為向日葵在畢業季的展現。由於半腐熟廢棄洋菇堆肥的EC值較高，故當使用在穴盤苗栽培時並不能直接接觸幼苗，以使用3吋盆苗才不傷到植株，並以距幼苗3-5公分處可達不傷害植株又保水、保肥、防雜草、美觀等功效。研究顯示中部平地於秋季佈置矮牽牛及非洲鳳仙花等確能美化景觀。為了保護校園原有草皮，利用非耕犁栽培法種植矮牽牛及其它草花，並配合在表土覆蓋廢棄洋菇堆肥，此手法在草花季節結束後可使校園草皮迅速回復美觀且不破壞其土壤結構。棄洋菇堆肥在一年生草花生育、開花上有顯著的正面效果。目前在一般鄉間地區常可見被丟棄的菇類廢棄物，為了保護我們的環境，將之回收為校園或社區綠美化再利用之介質，將必可改善公共環境及達永續農業之目的。Petunia, Impatiens, cosmos and other annual flowers have been cultivated in the campus of National Chung Hsing University from October to next Spring. In order to protect the turfgrass of campus, spent mushroom compost (SMC) had been used as cover medium to soil of petunia and other flowers by non-tillage. Due to the higher electrical conductivity (E.C.) of SMC, the seedlings of plug can't been planted in the SMC directly except the pottings with 3 inches. The results showed that SMC has great potential to grow annual plants. In order to protect the environment, the SMC and other abandoned mushroom compost in local area should be recycled as cultivated medium for sustainable horticulture.中文摘要 ……………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
英文摘要 ……………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ
目次 …………………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
圖表目次 ……………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
前言 …………………………………………………………………………………1
前人研究 …………………………………………………………………………… 3
材料與方法 …………………………………………………………………………12
結果與討論 …………………………………………………………………………17
檢討與建議 …………………………………………………………………………35
附錄 …………………………………………………………………………………42
參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………………………6
Propagation and selection of native kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) in Taiwan
No full text本試驗以高海拔之台灣羊桃(A.setosa)、中海拔的闊葉獼猴桃(A.latifolia)及低海拔的阿里山獼猴桃(A.arisanensis)，測試5℃層積以及GA３處理對其種子發芽之影響。發現獼猴桃種子休眠深度與其採種海拔高度呈正相關。阿里山獼猴桃、闊葉獼猴桃及台灣羊桃以5℃低溫處理，解除種子休眠所需的天數分別為30、40及60天。
阿里山獼猴桃、闊葉獼猴桃及台灣羊桃未經冷藏之新鮮種子發芽率為8、1.2及0%。經2000ppm GA３處理，種子發芽率明顯增加為68.4、59.2及26.8%﹔而種子達50%發芽天數分別為8.4、10.4及14.1天，較對照組的16.3與26.6天快速，而台灣羊桃種子不經低溫40天以上或1000至2000ppm GA３處理，種子不發芽，其種子休眠深度較闊葉獼猴桃及阿里山獼猴桃深。
阿里山獼猴桃與闊葉獼猴桃種子發芽之溫度，以30℃發芽速率最快﹔而台灣羊桃種子發芽最適溫度以25℃最佳，20℃次之。在15℃下發芽，會延遲各種獼猴桃種子發芽速率。Seed germination of A.arisanensis, A.latifolia, and A.setosa, were accelerated by stratification at 5℃ for 30, 40, and 60 days, respectively. The response of seed to stratification was significantly depended on seed source. seeds from high altitude, A. setosa did not germinate if stratification was absent, but seeds from low altitude, A. arisanensis germinated well after stratification for 30 days. The seed chilling requirement of A.setosa is higher than that of A. latifolia or A. arisanensis.
The germination rate of A.arisanensis, A.latifolia, and A.setosa seed without chilled, were significantly promoted by treating GA3. Treatment with GA3 2000ppm resulted in increased germination rate up to 68.4, 52.9, and 26.8%, respectively. GA3 also reduced seed germination period. High concentration of GA3 treatment for 24hrs also enforced germinating vigor.
30℃ is better for the seed germination of A.arisanensis and A.latifolia, while A.setosa are 25℃. In this experiment the germination of Actinidia seed was delayed by 15℃ incubation.中文摘要
前人研究
材料與方法
結果
討論
參考文
Studies of Grafting and Fruit Growth of ''Fuyu''Persimmon(Diospyros kaki L.)
No full text中文摘要
本文調查以山豆柿與早生牛心柿為富有柿砧木之親和性；以及在台灣苗栗縣不同海拔地區富有柿之果實品質，並仿高接梨栽培模式，調查富有柿果芽高接在牛心柿徒長枝砧上後之生育情形。今將結果摘述如下：
1. 富有柿/早生牛心柿之親和性優於富有柿/山豆柿。
2. 富有柿果芽為接穗高接於牛心柿徒長枝砧上，並未如梨一樣 成功當年著果率低，且富有枝在下一生長季之前易枯死。
3. 在低海拔地區以氰銨處理，能有效打破富有柿枝條之休眠。
4.褐色紙質套袋透光度在10~15 % ，成熟期柿果糖度、著色會降低；
採用PE羅紋網質袋透光度達85 %，除可提高果實品質外，亦可防東方果實蠅與鳥鼠危害。Summary
Diospyros japonica and D. kaki cv. ''Niou Shin'' have been used as rootstock to observe their grafting compatibility with D. kaki cv.'' Fuyu'',and the fruit quality at various orchards in different altitudes in Miao-Li conty, Taiwan. The flower buds of ''Fuyu'' were also grafted on the shoots of ''Niou Shin'', to observe the growth of shoots and fruit development in the lower altitudes. The results include as follow.
1. the compatibility between ''Niou Shin'' and ''Fuyu'' is better than D. japonica / ''Fuyu'' did.
2. Top-workings of flower buds of ''Fuyu'' on ''Niou Shin'' are not as sucessful as pear did ,fruit settings are poor, even ''Fuyu'' shoots are easy to die back in next growing season.
3. Hydrogen cyanamide is effective to break bud dormancy of ''Fuyu'' shoot in orchards located at lower altitude.
4. Fruits bagged with brown paper bags having 85 ~ 90 %
shade in full sun radiation during in fruit maturation stage may have lower soluble solid content and lighter skin color of fruit. To use PE net bags with shading 15 % , may increase the fruit qulity , also protect the fruit of kaki from the damage of fruit fly and squirrels.目 錄
第一章 前 言
甜柿栽培之起源與播遷 ………………… 1
台灣甜柿之引進與栽培現況 …………… 2
台灣甜柿生產面臨之問題 ……………… 3
參考文獻 ………………………………… 6
第二章 富有柿砧穗親和性之研究
前人研究 ………………………………… 8
材料與方法 ……………………………… 17
結果 ……………………………………… 19
討論 ……………………………………… 25
參考文獻 ………………………………… 29
第三章 富有柿果芽高接之初探
前人研究 ………………………………… 31
材料與方法 ……………………………… 44
結果 ……………………………………… 47
討論 ……………………………………… 62
參考文獻 ………………………………… 68
第四章 富有柿果實著色及品質改善之研究
前人研究 ………………………………… 75
材料與方法 ……………………………… 87
結果 ……………………………………… 93
討論 ………………………………………105
參考文獻 …………………………………109
中文摘要 ……………………………………………113
英文摘要 ……………………………………………11
Studies on Optimum Harvest Date and Storage of 'Chung Hsing No. 3' and ' Chung Hsing No. 4' Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)
No full text本試驗之目的在建立新選育的‘中興三號’和‘中興四號’獼猴桃的最適採收成熟度及最佳貯藏條件，以利日後的推展工作。
‘中興四號’、‘中興三號’自花後21週後開始採收，全可溶性固形物為6.5～6.6°Brix，已達進口的獼猴桃果品採收時的標準，平均果實的單粒鮮重，‘中興四號’可達82.2g，而‘中興三號’達69.4g，若欲以成熟度更高的果實品質與進口獼猴桃做一市場區隔，則可採收花後22～25週的‘中興三號’予以運輸販售或實施貯藏，24週後的‘中興四號’適合開放採果或作為高級水果禮盒。
‘中興四號’果實宜貯藏在1℃下，全可溶性固形物皆能達12.2°Brix以上，貯藏達140天的果實仍能正常後熟，全可溶性固形物達12.6°Brix，但可滴定酸達1.25％，果實酸味可能會較高。
台灣若能利用中高海拔地區栽培‘中興四號’、‘中興三號’獼猴桃，生產高品質果品，不僅能降低對進口獼猴桃的依賴，而且能為台灣高山園藝的發展找到一條出路。The intention of this study were to establish the data of optimum harvest maturity and the best storage condition of newly breeding ‘Chung Hsing No. 4' and ‘Chung Hsing No. 3' kiwifruit to benefit popularization afterward.
‘Chung Hsing No. 4' and ‘Chung Hsing No. 3' kiwifruit were harvested from 21 weeks after anthesis, their total soluble solid content have approached 6.5～6.6°Brix, which reaches harvesting standard of the imported kiwifruit. Average fresh weight of ‘Chung Hsing No. 4' reaches 82.2g and average fresh weight of ‘Chung Hsing No. 3' reaches 69.4g respectively. To compete with imported kiwifruit, the domestic kiwifruits were harvested as late as possible to obtain higher quality with higher soluble solid content.
‘Chung Hsing No. 4' kiwifruit stored at 1℃ is proper, and its total soluble solid content have approached more than 12.2°Brix. ‘Chung Hsing No. 4' kiwifruit that was stored at 1℃ for 140 days was still able to ripen normally, and its total soluble solid content have approached 12.6°Brix, but fruits tasted may be sourer because its titratable acid reaches 1.25％.
As long as Taiwan farmers culture ‘Chung Hsing No. 4' and ‘Chung Hsing No. 3' kiwifruit on mountain region to product fruit with high quality, they will not only reduce dependence on the imported kiwifruit but also find a way of mountain horticulture in Taiwan.壹、 前言…………………………………………………..……...…….1
貳、 前人研究……………………………………………...…………...3
一、 獼猴桃概說……………………..………………...…………..3
二、 獼猴桃果實的生長與發育………………………..………….5
三、 獼猴桃果實之採收…………………………………………...7
四、 獼猴桃果實後熟期間之變化………………………………...9
五、 獼猴桃果實之貯藏………………………………………….13
六、 獼猴桃之有機栽培………………………………………….15
參、 材料與方法………………………………………..……………..17
肆、 結果………………………………………………………...….…22
一、 獼猴桃不同時期採收對果實品質之影響….….…………...22
二、 不同貯藏溫度對獼猴桃果實品質及貯藏力之影響……….31
伍、 討論……………………………………………………..………..89
一、 獼猴桃之採收成熟度……………………………………….89
二、 獼猴桃之貯藏……………………………………………….92
摘要……………………………………………………………...……...97
Summary………………………………………………………...………98
參考文獻……………………………………………………………......99
附錄………………………………………………………………...….10
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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