18 research outputs found
2D modeling temperature development of mass concrete structures at early age - 2018
No full textAlper Yıkıcı (MEF Author)In this paper, a 2D finite volume analysis methodology was used to predict temperature development within three different bridge pier caps. MATLAB® was employed to generate a program that solves the governing heat transfer equation where development of thermo-physical concrete properties was defined as a function of degree of hydration. The rate of heat generation was obtained experimentally via adiabatic calorimetry and the activation energy was determined following the ASTM C 1074 procedure to implement equivalent age concept. 2D finite volume analysis results were presented in comparison with the recorded concrete temperatures from the field. Accordingly, temperature time histories at the center and the side surface of the bridge pier caps were predicted reasonably well using the concrete mixture information and the measured concrete hydration properties.WOS:0005502533000742-s2.0-85134814600Conference Proceedings Citation Index- ScienceProceedings PaperHaziranYÖK - 2017-1
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Nondestructive Degradation Evaluation of Ceramic Candle Filters Using Vibration Signatures
No full textThe structural integrity of ceramic candle filters is a key element for hot gas cleanup systems, They protect the heat exchanger and gas turbine components from getting clogged and also prevent erosion. Ceramic candle filters used in the recent demonstration plant have experienced degradation and fracturing. Preliminary examination of these ceramic filters indicated that damage of the filters may have resulted from strength degradation at consistent high temperature operation, thermal transient events, excessive ash accumulation and bridging and pulse cleaning. The ceramic candle filter is a slender structure made of layers of porous materials. The structure has high acoustic attenuation which has greatly limited the conventional ultrasonic detection capability. In general, stiffness reduction of a structure will cause the change of the modal parameters of the structure. This study proposes a nondestructive approach for evaluating the structural properties of the ceramic filters using dynamic characterization method. The vibration signatures of the ceramic filters at different degradation levels are established using transient impact-response technique. Results from this study indicate that the vibration signatures of the filters can be used as an index to quantify the darnage condition of the filters. The results also indicate the feasibility of using the vibration mode shapes to predict the damage location. The application of this study can be implemented to develop a nondestructive evaluation method for future in-situ inspection of the ceramic filters
Valuing rail infrastructure performance in a multi actor context
No full textTechnology, Policy and Managemen
Buea asylos Cumberlidge & Mvogo Ndongo & Clark & Daniels 2019, comb. nov.
No full textBuea asylos (Cumberlidge, 1993) comb. nov. (Figures 1 (a,b), 4(a), 5(a,b,g), 6(a,b), 7(a,d) and 8(a,d,g)) Type species. Potamonemus asylos Cumberlidge, 1993, by present designation. Potamonemus asylos Cumberlidge, 1993: 576 – 584, figs 3, 4, 5a – b, 6a – c, 8a – b; tables 2, 3; Cumberlidge 1999: figs 40C, 41C,F, 42C,F, 43C,F, 44C, 53G, 54 – 57, 61E, 65F, table IX; Ng et al. 2008: 171; Cumberlidge 2011a: 78, 80, 82, 86, table 6.1; Cumberlidge 2011b: 190; Mvogo Ndongo et al. 2017b: 3, table 1; Daniels et al. 2015, table 1. Material examined Type material. Cameroon: Buea asylos (Cumberlidge, 1993) comb. nov. adult ♂ holotype, CW 27.6, CL 18.3, CH 9.0, FW 7.5 mm, between Buea (4.153484°N, 9.299551°E) and Kumba (4.638727°N, 9.441354°E), South-West Region, coll. R.H.L. Disney, 1969 (NHM 1994.587 donation from NMU 1969 /1991). Paratypes, 3 ♀♀, CWs 25.4, 23.7, 18.7 mm, 3 ♂♂, CWs 22.3, 20.1, 19.8 mm, between Buea (4.153484°N, 9.299551°E) and Kumba (4.638727°N, 9.441354°E), South-West Region, coll. R.H.L. Disney, 1969 (NHM 1994.588 – 591), DNA voucher specimens (Daniels et al. 2015, table 1). Adult ♂, CW 22.4, CL 15.8, CH 6.8, FW 6.9 mm, Buea (4.153484°N, 9.299551°E) Kumba area, South-West Region, coll. R. H.L. Disney, 1969 (NMU TRW 1969.22), specimen photographed here. Other material examined. Adult ♀, CW 23.2, CL 17.2, CH 7.4, FW 7.4 mm, Buea (4.153484°N, 9.299551°E), Kumba area, South-West Region, coll. R.H.L. Disney, 29 April 1969 (NMU TRW 1969.13 a). Adult ♂, CW 19.8, CL 14.5, CH 6.8, FW 6.9 mm, 3 subadult ♂♂, CWs 16.4, 15.6, 14.9 mm, subadult ♀, CW 15.3 mm, 9 juv., Okia Stream, Kumba area, South-West Region, coll. R.H.L. Disney, 9 May 1969 (NMU TRW 1969.27). Adult ♂, CW 19.0 mm, 3 subadult ♂♂, CWs 18.4, 15.8, 12.6 mm, subadult ♀, CW 17.9 mm, 2 juv., Okia Stream, Kumba area, South-West Region, coll. R.H.L. Disney, 27 March 1969 (NMU TRW 1969.29). Limbé (formerly Victoria), South-West Region, 2 ♂♂, CWs 21.3, 20.1 mm, coll. E. Fickenday, 6 November 1912, ‘ edible land crabs ’ (ZIM K-3607). Diagnosis Exorbital tooth absent where anterolateral margin meets lateral orbital margin (Figures 1 (a,b) and 4(a)); major cheliped dactylus broad, flattened, not arched (Figures 1 (b) and 5(a,b)); lower margin of cheliped merus with four large jagged pointed teeth (Figures 1 (b) and 6(a,b)); anterior corners of carapace surface smooth; carapace grooves shallow to absent (Figures 1 (a) and 4(a); Cumberlidge 1993, figs. 2a, 3a). Description Same as for the genus and for P. asylos comb. nov. (see Cumberlidge 1993, 1999). Distribution Buea asylos comb. nov. is endemic to the rainforest zone of south-western Cameroon between the towns of Kumba, Buea and Limbé (Cumberlidge 1993, 1999). Type locality Between Buea and Kumba, south-western Cameroon. Ecology Buea asylos comb. nov. is restricted to the humid lowland and montane rainforests of south-western Cameroon in the area near Mount Cameroon (4095 m asl) that has an annual average rainfall of more than 5000 mm (Mvogo Ndongo et al. 2017a, 2017b). Remarks Significant morphological differences between B. asylos comb. nov., P. mambilorum and P. sachsi were found in the G1, G2 and mandible (Figures 7 (a – f) and 8(a – c,g – i)) that are used here to define Buea gen. nov. Other noteworthy characters of B. asylos comb. nov. include those of the chelipeds and carapace of that set it apart from the two species of Potamonemus: the cheliped merus lower medial margin has large jagged teeth (Figure 6 (a,b)) (vs small granules in Potamonemus, Figure 6 (c,f)), the cheliped carpus medial margin of B. asylos comb. nov. has a small but distinct pointed proximal tooth (Figure 5 (g)) (vs a small granule-sized tooth in Potamonemus, Figure 5 (h,i)), the cheliped dactylus is distinctly broadened (Figures 1 (b) and 5 (a)) (vs distinctly slim or arched in Potamonemus, Figure 5 (c,e)), and the carapace proportions of B. asylos comb. nov. are wider (CW/FW 3.35, vs 3.08 – 3.12), longer (CW/FW 2.32, vs 2.22 – 2.25), and higher (CW/FW 1.10, vs 0.96 – 1.07) than in Potamonemus. Conservation status The extinction risk status of B. asylos comb. nov. was assessed in 2008 using the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List protocols (Cumberlidge 2008a) as Data Deficient (DD) in view of the lack of information on its extent of occurrence (EOO), ecological requirements, population size, population trends and long-term threats (Cumberlidge 1993, 2011a, 2011b; Cumberlidge et al. 2009; IUCN 2012). The three locations available in this study give a recalculated EOO of 142 km 2, and an area of occupancy (AOO) of 12 km 2, using GeoCAT (http://geocat.kew.org; Bachman et al. 2011), but these are still probably underestimates given the paucity of the locality data (but if taken alone would point to a Red List threatened category). The extinction risk status of P. mambilorum (seven locations, EOO 43,291 km 2; Cumberlidge 2008b) and P. sachsi (four locations, EOO 24,219 km 2; Cumberlidge 2008c) were assessed in 2008 (Cumberlidge 2008b, 2008c) as Least Concern (LC) and Vulnerable (VU), respectively, (Cumberlidge 1993, 2011a, 2011b; Cumberlidge et al. 2009; IUCN 2012). Although the recalculations of the EOO and the AOO for these three species do not in themselves warrant a reassessment of their extinction risk, there is reason to believe that the threat status of these species may have intensified since the last assessment. For example, recent field work in the wetland ecosystems of the South-West and Littoral regions of Cameroon by the second author indicates that these habitats are being impacted by deforestation and by intensive agricultural practices that are severely altering the flow patterns of small streams and impacting the aquatic biodiversity (Mvogo Ndongo et al. 2017a, 2017b, 2017c, 2018). Awareness of these current threats to the habitats of B. asylos comb. nov., P. mambilorum and P. sachsi means that each of these taxa is likely to be reassigned to a more threatened category once new IUCN Red List extinction risk assessments have been carried out. There is a need for further field research specifically aimed at gathering the data needed for an extinction risk assessment of these littleknown endemic species from this understudied biodiversity hotspot.Published as part of Cumberlidge, Neil, Mvogo Ndongo, Pierre A., Clark, Paul F. & Daniels, Savel R., 2019, A new genus for the freshwater crab Potamonemus asylos Cumberlidgeı 1993 ı (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae) from Cameroonı Central Africaı with a key to the genera of the Potamonautinae, pp. 659-676 in Journal of Natural History 53 (11) on pages 665-666, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1583390, http://zenodo.org/record/367549
Different iron storage strategies among bloom-forming diatoms
No full textAuthor Posting. © The Author(s), 2018. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of National Academy of Sciences for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115(52), (2018): E12275-E12284. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1805243115.Diatoms are prominent eukaryotic phytoplankton despite being limited by the micronutrient iron in vast expanses of the ocean. As iron inputs are often sporadic, diatoms have evolved mechanisms such as the ability to store iron that enable them to bloom when iron is resupplied and then persist when low iron levels are reinstated. Two iron storage mechanisms have been previously described: the protein ferritin and vacuolar storage. To investigate the ecological role of these mechanisms among diatoms, iron addition and removal incubations were conducted using natural phytoplankton communities from varying iron environments. We show that among the predominant diatoms, Pseudo-nitzschia were favored by iron removal and displayed unique ferritin expression consistent with a long-term storage function. Meanwhile, Chaetoceros and Thalassiosira gene expression aligned with vacuolar storage mechanisms. Pseudo-nitzschia also showed exceptionally high iron storage under steady-state high and low iron conditions, as well as following iron resupply to iron-limited cells. We propose that bloom-forming diatoms use different iron storage mechanisms and that ferritin utilization may provide an advantage in areas of prolonged iron limitation with pulsed iron inputs. As iron distributions and availability change, this speculated ferritin-linked advantage may result in shifts in diatom community composition that can alter marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles.We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Melville and the CCGS J. P. Tully as well as the participants of the IRNBRU (MV1405) cruise for the California-based data, particularly K. Ellis [University of North Carolina (UNC)], T. Coale (University of California, San Diego), F. Kuzminov (Rutgers), H. McNair [University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB)], and J. Jones (UCSB). W. Burns (UNC), S. Haines (UNC), and S. Bargu (Louisiana State University) assisted with sample processing and analysis. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation Grants OCE-1334935 (to A.M.), OCE-1334632 (to B.S.T.), OCE-1333929 (to K.T.), OCE-1334387 (to M.A.B.), OCE-1259776 (to K.W.B), and DGE-1650116 (Graduate Research Fellowship to R.H.L).2019-06-1
Antimicrobial Resistance Of Staphylococcus Aureus And Oral Streptococci Strains From High-risk Endocarditis Patients
No full textThis study sought to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylcoccus aureus and viridans group streptococci strains collected from the forearm skin and saliva of 30 patients at high risk of endocarditis. Agar susceptibility tests of antibiotics routinely utilized in dentistry were used to verify antimicrobial resistance of bacterial strains. Of the Staphylcoccus aureus strains, 50% were resistant to ampicillin, 53.3% to amoxicillin, 60.0% to penicillin G, 13.3% to amoxicillin/clavulanate, 20.0% to azithromycin, 27.6% to clarithromycin, 23.3% to erythromycin, 3.3% to cefazolin, and 6.7% to clindamycin. Regarding streptococci, 16.7% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin, 16.7% to amoxicillin, 23.3% to azithromycin, 23.3% to clarithromycin, 30.0% to erythromycin, 13.3% to cefazolin, 26.7% to clindamycin, 16.7% to penicillin G, and 3.3% to amoxicillin/clavulanate. Pathogens associated with bacterial endocarditis exhibited elevated resistance rates against the antibiotics used for prophylaxis in dentistry.536410413Benn, M., Hagelskjaer, L.H., Tvede, M., Infective endocarditis, 1984 through 1993: A clinical and microbiological survey (1997) J Intern Med, 242, pp. 15-22Mansur, A.J., Grinberg, M., Gallucci, S.D., Bellotti, G., Jatene, A., Pileggi, F., Infective endocarditis: Analysis of 300 episodes (1990) Arq Bras Cardiol, 54, pp. 13-21Ruiz Jr., E., Schirmbeck, T., Figueiredo, L.T., A study of infectious endocarditis in Ribeirao Preto, SP-Brazil. Analysis of cases occurring between 1992 and 1997 (2000) Arq Bras Cardiol, 74, pp. 225-231Dajani, A.S., Taubert, K.A., Wilson, W., Bolger, A.F., Bayer, A., Ferrieri, P., Gewitz, M.H., Zuccaro Jr., G., Prevention of bacterial endocarditis. Recommendations by the American Heart Association (1997) Circulation, 96, pp. 358-366Moreillon, P., Que, Y.A., Infective endocarditis (2004) Lancet, 363, pp. 139-149Hogevik, H., Olaison, L., Andersson, R., Lindberg, J., Alestig, K., Epidemiologic aspects of infective endocarditis in an urban population. A 5-year prospective study (1995) Medicine, 74, pp. 324-339. , BaltimoreSandre, R.M., Shafran, S.D., Infective endocarditis: Review of 135 cases over 9 years (1996) Clin Infect Dis, 22, pp. 276-286McCartney, A.C., Changing trends in infective endocarditis (1992) J Clin Pathol, 45, pp. 945-948Carmona, I.T., Diz Dios, P., Scully, C., An update on the controversies in bacterial endocarditis of oral origin (2002) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 93, pp. 660-670Eykyn, S.J., The treatment of staphylococcal endocarditis (1987) J Antimicrob Chemother, 20 (SUPPL. A), pp. 161-171Petti, C.A., Fowler Jr., V.G., Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and endocarditis (2002) Infect Dis Clin North Am, 16, pp. 413-435Roman, R.S., Smith, J., Walker, M., Byrne, S., Ramotar, K., Dyck, B., Kabani, A., Nicolle, L.E., Rapid geographic spread of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain (1997) Clin Infect Dis, 25, pp. 698-705Farias, W.V., Sader, H.S., Lerne, I.L., Pignatari, A.C., Sensitivity pattern of 117 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from 12 hospitals (1997) Rev Assoc Med Bras, 43, pp. 199-204Perl, T.M., Golub, J.E., New approaches to reduce Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial infection rates: Treating S. aureus nasal carriage (1998) Ann Pharmacother, 32, pp. S7-S16Herzberg, M.C., Meyer, M.W., Effects of oral flora on platelets: Possible consequences in cardiovascular disease (1996) J Periodontol, 67, pp. 1138-1142Baquero, F., Gram-positive resistance: Challenge for the development of new antibiotics (1997) J Antimicrob Chemother, 39 (SUPPL. A), pp. 1-6Martinez, F., Martin-Luengo, F., Garcia, A., Valdes, M., Treatment of experimental endocarditis caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus sanguis with different doses of teicoplanin (1994) Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol, 16, pp. 247-251Doern, G.V., Ferraro, M.J., Brueggemann, A.B., Ruoff, K.L., Emergence of high rates of antimicrobial resistance among viridans group streptococci in the United States (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 40, pp. 891-894Levy, C.S., Kogulan, P., Gill, V.J., Croxton, M.B., Kane, J.G., Lucey, D.R., Endocarditis caused by penicillin-resistant viridans streptococci: 2 Cases and controversies in therapy (2001) Clin Infect Dis, 33, pp. 577-579Hall, G.E., Baddour, L.M., Apparent failure of endocarditis prophylaxis caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus mitis (2002) Am J Med Sci, 324, pp. 51-53Koneman, E.W., Allen, S.D., Janda, W.M., Schreckenberger, P.C., Winn, W.C., (1994) Introduction to Diagnostic Microbiology, Ed. 1, pp. 187-216. , Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins(2002) Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 22, pp. 50-69. , Document M100-S12Hoen, B., Platelets and platelet inhibitors in infective endocarditis (2002) Curr Infect Dis Rep, 4, pp. 299-303Tak, T., Reed, K.D., Haselby, R.C., McCauley Jr., C.S., Shukla, S.K., An update on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of infective endocarditis with emphasis on Staphylococcus aureus (2002) WMJ, 101, pp. 24-33Moore, P.A., Dental therapeutic indications for the newer long-acting macrolide antibiotics (1999) J Am Dent Assoc, 130, pp. 1341-1343Kohli, V., Infective endocarditis (2002) Indian J Pediatr, 69, pp. 333-339Scavizzi, M.R., Labia, R., Petitjean, O.J., Elbhar, A., Antimicrobial susceptibility test: From bacterial population analysis to therapy (2002) Int J Antimicrob Agents, 19, pp. 9-20Felten, A., Grandry, B., Lagrange, P.H., Casin, I., Evaluation of three techniques for detection of low-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): A disk diffusion method with cefoxitin and moxalactam, the Vitek 2 system, and the MRSA-screen latex agglutination test (2002) J Clin Microbiol, 40, pp. 2766-2771Grignon, B., Tankovic, J., Megraud, F., Glupczynski, Y., Husson, M.O., Conroy, M.C., Emond, J.P., Fauchere, J.L., Validation of diffusion methods for macrolide susceptibility testing of Helicobacter pylori (2002) Microb Drug Resist, 8, pp. 61-66Chang, S.C., Hsieh, W.C., Liu, C.Y., High prevalence of antibiotic resistance of common pathogenic bacteria in Taiwan (2000) Diag Microbiol Infect Dis, 36, pp. 107-112. , The Antibiotic Resistance Study Group of the Infectious Disease Society of the Republic of ChinaSandor, G.K., Carmichael, R.P., Vasilakos, J.S., Revised American Heart Association guidelines for the prevention of bacterial endocarditis: Highlights of specific changes for the dental profession (1998) J Can Dent Assoc, 64, pp. 114-117Creighton, J.M., Dental care for the pediatric cardiac patient (1992) J Can Dent Assoc, 58, pp. 201-202Steckelberg, J.M., Melton III, L.J., Ilstrup, D.M., Rouse, M.S., Wilson, W.R., Influence of referral bias on the apparent clinical spectrum of infective endocarditis (1990) Am J Med, 88, pp. 582-588Jacobson, J.J., Patel, B., Asher, G., Woolliscroft, J.O., Schaberg, D., Oral staphylococcus in older subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (1997) J Am Geriatr Soc, 45, pp. 590-593Alcaide, F., Linares, J., Pallares, R., Carratala, J., Benitez, M.A., Gudiol, F., Martin, R., In vitro activities of 22 beta-lactam antibiotics against penicillin-resistant and penicillin-susceptible viridans group streptococci isolated from blood (1995) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 39, pp. 2243-2247Teng, L.J., Hsueh, P.R., Chen, Y.C., Ho, S.W., Luh, K.T., Antimicrobial susceptibility of viridans group streptococci in Taiwan with an emphasis on the high rates of resistance to penicillin and macrolides in Streptococcus oralis (1998) J Antimicrob Chemother, 41, pp. 621-627Chayakul, P., Hortiwakul, R., Yipintsoi, T., Ingviya, N., Viridans streptococci in the oral flora of the patients at risk for infective endocarditis: Species and penicillin susceptibilities (2002) J Med Assoc Thai, 85, pp. 825-830Monroe, S., Polk, R., Antimicrobial use and bacterial resistance (2000) Curr Opin Microbiol, 3, pp. 496-501Seymour, R.A., Whitworth, J.W., Antibiotic prophylaxis for endocarditis, prosthetic joints, and surgery (2002) Dent Clin North Am, 46, pp. 635-65
Remoção de metais de efluentes petroquímicos por adsorção, biossorção e sistemas emulsionados
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química, Florianópolis, 2012.A presença de metais pesados em efluentes originados da indústria de petróleo é um fato de grande preocupação devido a sua absorção na cadeia alimentar. Cromo é um dos metais mais comuns encontrados em efluentes de indústrias petroquímicas e ainda, a indústria de refino de petróleo gera catalisadores de conversão contaminados com cromo. Inibidores são adicionados aos sistemas de resfriamento de água para aliviar problemas de corrosão e de crescimento de microrganismos, tais como o cromato. Esses efluentes contém cromo hexavalente em concentrações que variam de décimos a centenas de mg L-1. Este trabalho visa à aplicação de carvão ativado, biomassa marinha (algas) e sistemas emulsionados para a remoção de cromo presente em efluentes petroquímicos. Foi utilizado o agente tensoativo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS) para a geração de emulsões e foi avaliada a eficiência da espécie de alga marinha Sargassum cymosum e carvão ativado como biossorvente e adsorvente, respectivamente. No processo de biossorção/redução de Cr(VI) pela biomassa S. cymosum observou-se que a concentração de Cr(VI) diminui com o tempo, até ser removido completamente, enquanto que a concentração de Cr(III), que inicialmente foi zero, aumentou e parte era adsorvida na biomassa, até alcançar um valor constante igual à concentração de cromo total em solução. Essa característica indica a ocorrência de uma reação redox no processo. O estudo cinético de adsorção de Cr(III) e Cr(VI) em carvão ativado a pH=4 mostrou que a cinética de Pseudo 2ª ordem se ajusta melhor aos dados experimentais (R2 = 0,968 e 0,979 respectivamente) e, Qmax é 0,13±0,02 mmol·g-1 para Cr(III) e 0,1711±0,0006 mmol·g-1 para Cr(VI). Sistemas emulsionados demonstraram capacidade de remoção de Cr(III) de 0,313 mmol Cr(III)/g SDS com reutilização da fase de emulsão. Dessa forma conclui-se que os processos estudados foram eficientes na remoção de cromo de efluentes sintéticos sendo que em termos de capacidade, os processos de biossorção em Sargassum c. demonstraram ser mais eficientes removendo maiores quantidades de cromo dos efluentes.Abstract : The presence of heavy metals in wastewater originating from the oil industry is a fact of great concern due to its absorption in to the food chain. Chromium is one of the most common metals found in wastewater from petrochemical industries and also the petroleum refining industry generates conversion catalysts contaminated with chromium. Inhibitors are added to cooling water systems to alleviate problems of corrosion and growth of microorganisms, such as chromates. These effluents contain hexavalent chromium in concentrations ranging tenths to hundreds of mg L-1. This work aims at applying activated charcoal, marine biomass (algae) and emulsion systems for the removal of chromium present in petrochemical effluents. It was used agent surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) for generating emulsions and were evaluated, the species of seaweed and Sargassum cymosum biosorbent and activated carbon as adsorbent respectively. In the process of sorption / reduction of Cr (VI) by biomass Sargassum c. it was observed that the concentration of Cr (VI) decreases with time, until removed completely, while the concentration of Cr (III), that was initially zero, increased and part was adsorbed on biomass, until reaching a constant value equal to the concentration of total chromium in solution. This characteristic indicates the occurrence of a redox reaction in the process. The adsorption kinetics of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) on activated carbon at pH 4 showed that the pseudo second order kinetics fits better to the experimental data (R2 = 0,968 and 0,979 respectively) and qm is 0,13 ± 0,02 mmol g-1, for Cr (III) and 0,1711 ± 0,0006 mmol g-1 for Cr (VI). Emulsified systems showed removal capacity of Cr (III) of 0,313 mmol Cr (III)/g SDS with reuse of the emulsion phase. Thus it can be concluded that the processes studied were effective in removing chromium from synthetic effluents and in terms of capacity, processes for biosorption in Sargassum c. demonstrated to be more efficient by removing higher amounts of chromium from effluents
Synergistic inhibitory effects of clopidogrel and rivaroxaban on platelet function and platelet‐dependent thrombin generation in cats
No full textBACKGROUND: Dual antithrombotic treatment (DAT) with clopidogrel and rivaroxaban sometimes is prescribed to cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at risk of thromboembolism. To date, no studies have evaluated their combined effects on platelet function.
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Evaluate the safety of DAT in healthy cats and compare, ex vivo, platelet-dependent thrombin generation and agonist-induced platelet activation and aggregation in cats treated with clopidogrel, rivaroxaban, or DAT. We hypothesized that DAT would safely modulate agonist-induced platelet activation and aggregation more effectively than single agent treatment.
ANIMALS: Nine apparently healthy 1-year-old cats selected from a research colony.
METHODS: Unblinded, nonrandomized ex vivo cross-over study. All cats received 7 days of rivaroxaban (0.6 ± 0.1 mg/kg PO), clopidogrel (4.7 ± 0.8 mg/kg PO), or DAT with defined washout periods between treatments. Before and after each treatment, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- and thrombin-induced platelet P-selectin expression was evaluated using flow cytometry to assess platelet activation. Platelet-dependent thrombin generation was measured by fluorescence assay. Platelet aggregation was assessed using whole blood impedance platelet aggregometry.
RESULTS: No cats exhibited adverse effects. Of the 3 treatments, only DAT significantly decreased the number of activated platelets (P = .002), modulated platelet activation in response to thrombin (P = .01), dampened thrombin generation potential (P = .01), and delayed maximum reaction velocity (P = .004) in thrombin generation. Like clopidogrel, DAT inhibited ADP-mediated platelet aggregation. However, rivaroxaban alone resulted in increased aggregation and activation in response to ADP.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Treatment combining clopidogrel and rivaroxaban (DAT) safely decreases platelet activation, platelet response to agonists, and thrombin generation in feline platelets more effectively than monotherapy with either clopidogrel or rivaroxaban
A study of the key factor on data warehouse system reengineering
No full text碩士在政府大幅放寬企業投資大陸上限後，兩岸經貿關係因此更加的密切了，隨著兩岸關係的變化，台灣的企業目前正面臨著重大的改變與挑戰。雖然台灣以往就是在開放國際激烈的競爭下，才能有今天卓越的表現。但現在對大陸經貿政策開放的情形則與以往不同，在開的背後代表著就是競爭的開始。在面臨激烈的競爭壓力下，如何使產業升級，是當今各個行業關注的重點。面對彼岸對國家公共基礎建設更積極的投入下，台灣對這方面的投資相較起來，顯得就比較不足。
資訊科技(Information Technology)被認為是企業管理之基礎，智慧資產的一部分，有助於企業長遠之發展。一個企業的資訊科技建設就等同於國家的公共基礎建設一般，過去台灣在許多國際組織評比是全球資訊國力領先國家之一，因此，資訊科技不僅為國家產業發展的主要動力，更是提高企業競爭力的重要推手。台灣企業如何能掌握現有的優勢，對資訊科技建設能有更新的創意及改革，並且透過善用商業智慧的分析與預測的能力，讓企業創造更多的利潤，減少更多的成本。深刻的左右企業的領導地位。
資料倉儲系統就如同一個企業在商業智慧運用的資訊基礎建設一般。台灣很多企業的資料倉儲系統，在歷經了多年業務的更迭已經不足以應付未來急遽變化的資訊需求，如何透過資料倉儲系統再造工程，將過去疊床架屋的資料模型架構，使其與業務流程整合，協助企業以更有效率的方式運用現有資源，強化企業的體質，使企業專注於高附加價值的產品及業務，進而提升企業的競爭力，是商業智慧運用的新課題。
本研究主要是探討資料倉儲系統再造工程，專案執行的問題、注意的事項以及關鍵的成功或失敗因素。藉由實務的問題與討論，並且透過與專案主管人員的訪談，可以讓專案人員在計劃或執行資料倉儲系統再造工程有深入的了解。為何一個建構運作已多年的資料倉儲系統再造工程的成功關鍵，與一個全新的資料倉儲系統是不同的。After our government relaxes the limitation of investment into China by Taiwanese companies, the economic relation of the Taiwan Strait becomes closer. With the variation of the cross-strait relation, the Taiwanese companies currently confront significant change and challenge. Even though Taiwan has earned prominent performance even under the opened and keen international competition, nowadays, the current situation of opening Taiwan''s economic and trade policy towards Mainland China is quite different as before. We can say that the policy open means the beginning of competition. While confronting the pressure of keen competition, the issue of how to upgrade industries will be paid attention by all kinds of Industries. China has made positive efforts on his national infrastructure, which is compared to Taiwan, Taiwan seems to has insufficient efforts on such investment.
Information Technology is usually deemed as the foundation of Industries management and is part of intellectual property, which is helpful for the long-term development of Industries. The industry’s Information Technology infrastructure is similar to the national infrastructure. According to the previous international organization rankings, they showed that Taiwan was one of the leading countries having national power on global information, Therefore, the information technology is not only the main power of national industry development, but also it is the significant pushing hand of increasing the industry competition. Taiwan Industries need to know how to maintain the current predominance to obtain the renovated creativity and innovation, and use the analysis of commercial Intelligence and the ability of prediction for making more profits as well as decreasing the cost. It is deeply influence the leading status of the industries.
Data Warehouse System looks like the infrastructure of the business Intelligence application in an industry. Many Data Warehouse System of Taiwan industries even hardly cope with the rapid changing information needs after undergoing diversified business transaction. How to get the business process reengineering through the data warehouse system, integrate with the business process by previous cumulative data model, assist the industries to apply the current resources more efficiently, strengthen the industries system, make industries paying more attention on high value added products and sales, then promote the industry competition, are new topics of business Intelligence application.
This research is mainly about the system reengineering of the data warehouse system, the execution of the project, the concerned issues, and key reasons of success or failure. The project personnel could acquire the advanced understanding of planning and execute the system reengineering of the data warehouse system through practical questions and discussion as well as through interview with the project leader. Then we are able to know the key factor is quite different between the whole new system of data warehouse and system reengineering of the existed data warehouse system.目錄
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻探討 4
2.1 資料倉儲的定義 4
2.2 為什麼要建置資料倉儲 6
2.3 資料倉儲系統架構 7
2.4 資料倉儲的特性 13
2.5 資料倉儲與傳統資料庫的不同 15
2.6 資料倉儲建置的步驟 16
2.7 資料倉儲架構類型 20
2.8 資料倉儲設計方法 24
2.9 資訊系統導入影響 27
2.10 舊有資訊系統(Legacy System) 28
2.11 軟體系統再造 28
2.12 發展資料倉儲系統的關鍵成功及失敗因素 30
第三章 研究設計 33
3.1 研究方法 33
3.2 研究對象 33
3.3 研究流程 34
3.4 問卷設計 34
第四章 研究結果與分析 36
4.1 個案公司背景說明 36
4.2 個案之專案目的 36
4.3 個案之專案範圍 37
4.4 個案問題描述 37
4.5 專案問題及解決方案彙總摘要 41
4.6 研究發現 48
第五章 討論與結論 66
5.1 討論 66
5.2 結論 68
5.3 研究貢獻 69
5.4 研究限制 73
5.5 未來研究方向 74
第六章 參考文獻 75
附錄一、資料倉儲系統再造－訪談問卷 79
圖表目錄
圖 2 1 ：資料倉儲系統 9
圖 2 2 ：可擴充性的資料倉儲系統 9
圖 2 3 ：資料倉儲存取架構 10
圖 2 4 ：集中式資料倉儲 21
圖 2 5 ：資料超市資料倉儲 22
圖 2 6 ：分散式資料倉儲 22
圖 2 7 ：即時式資料倉儲系統 23
圖 2 8 ：Top-Down 架構 25
圖 2 9 ：Bottom-up 架構 26
圖 2 10 ：Combination架構 26
圖 3 1 ：研究流程圖 34
圖 5 1 ：研究貢獻及研究目的達成 70
表 2 1 ：資訊倉儲之定義 5
表 2 2 ：資料倉儲與傳統資料庫的比較 16
表 2 3 ：資訊倉儲建置步驟 16
表 2 4 ：資料倉儲系統結構演進 23
表 2 5 ：資訊系統導入程度分類表 27
表 2 6 ：面臨處理Legacy System時的抉擇考量 28
表 2 7 ：建置資料倉儲的成功與失敗關鍵因素 31
表 4 1 ：專案問題之彙整表 37
表 4 2 ：專案問題及解決方案彙總摘要 42
表 4 3 ：解決方案與關鍵因素關聯表 49
表 4 4 ：為系統「新建」與「再造」之差異影響比較表(訪談彙整) 55
表 5 1 ：資料倉儲檢核表 71學號: 795630077, 學年度: 9
Myrmemorpha Dufour
No full text<i>1. Myrmemorpha</i> Dufour and <i>Elachiptera</i> Macquart <p> Dufour in 1833 described a brachypterous fly in the genus <i>Myrmemorpha</i> with a species <i>brachyptera</i> from Spain and included it within the family “athéricères” and tribe “muscides de Latreille”. The descriptions of the genus and species are rather short and are illustrated by the poor drawing of an antenna. The description of the antenna (composed from three segments) occupies three-quarters of the whole generic description. Dufour wrote that the insect looks like an ant or a small wingless ‘ichneumon’, but examination through a magnifying glass had assured him that the insect was a species of Diptera. Dufour placed the new genus not far from <i>Mosillus</i> in Muscidae [now in Ephydridae].</p> <p> Macquart (1835) considered the genera <i>Myrmemorpha</i> and <i>Elachiptera</i> separately, each containing a species with reduced wings, he placed <i>Myrmemorpha</i> after <i>Elachiptera</i>.</p> <p> Afterwards Schiner (1862, 1864) discussed the affinity of <i>Myrmemorpha brachyptera</i> and concluded that <i>Myrmemorpha brachyptera</i> is a fly known to him as <i>Elachiptera brevipennis</i> Meigen and synonymized them. He assumed that Dufour had not seen the first segment of the antenna and wrongly had taken the arista as the third antennal segment. He repeated the generic synonymy in 1868 as well, using the corrected name <i>Myrmecomorpha</i> Dufour (an unjustified emendation created by Blanchard, 1840). Further unjustified and identical emendations were used by many later authors, mentioning the taxon wrongly also with Dufour, Agassiz or Corti as authors.</p> <p> Lioy (1864: 1317–8) did not repeat the synonymy of <i>Myrmemorpha</i> Dufour and <i>Elachiptera</i> Macquart but included both separately in his family Heteromyziti, in which his subfamily Elachipterini is characterized by rudimentary wings. Lioy later (1895: 293) kept up this classification in his altered family-group taxon Elachipteri, subordered to his retained family Heteromyziti.</p> <p> Bezzi (1900) in his review on the phenomenon of wing reduction in Diptera accepted the synonymy of <i>Myrmemorpha brachyptera</i> Dufour and <i>Elachiptera brevipennis</i> Meigen.</p> <p> The genus and species of Dufour were listed in the Palaearctic catalogue in synonymy with <i>Elachiptera</i> Macquart, 1835 and <i>E. brevipennis</i> (Meigen, 1830), correspondingly (Becker et al., 1905). This catalogue repeated the synonymy which was already published (and later repeated) by Schiner (1862: 431; 1864: 231), Neuhaus (1886: 295, 304), Gobert (1887: 43) and Bezzi (1900).</p> <p> Corti (1909: 141, 145) in his revision of <i>Elachiptera</i> (as <i>Crassiseta</i> von Roser) and related genera considered <i>Myrmemorpha</i> Dufour, 1833 (as <i>Myrmecomorpha—</i> following the emendation of Scudder’s “Nomenclator”) as a valid genus and <i>brachyptera</i> Dufour as a synonym of <i>brevipennis</i> Meigen. Corti (1910) in a long and detailed discussion cited personal opinions of Enderlein and Kieffer that structures of the antenna of <i>M. brachyptera</i> as described by Dufour are not similar to any species of Hymenoptera. Both his correspondents tended towards the considered synonymy of Dufour’s and Meigen’s brachypterous species.</p> <p> Later Becker (1909a) devoted a special paper to the affinity of <i>Myrmemorpha</i> and <i>Elachiptera</i> after Corti’s publication. His conclusion was that Schiner’s opinion on the synonymy of <i>Elachiptera brevipennis</i> Meigen and <i>Myrmecomorpha brachyptera</i> Dufour was wrong, and Dufour’s insect probably was a species of Hymenoptera. Neither Schiner nor Becker had seen Dufour’s specimen(s). Becker’s opinion does not agree with Dufour’s words “Je le pris au premier coup d’oel pour une fourmi ou un petit ichneumon aptère … la loupe vint éclaircir tous me doutes et m’apprendre qu’il appartenait à l’ordre des diptères”. Nonetheless Becker accepted the similarity of <i>Myrmemorpha brachyptera</i> and <i>Elachiptera brevipennis</i> concerning colour and size. Later Becker (1910) repeated his opinion that <i>Myrmemorpha</i> Dufour may not even belong to the Diptera. Enderlein (1911), Duda (1932) and Séguy (1934) placed <i>Myrmemorpha</i> (as <i>Myrmecomorpha</i> Corti) in synonymy with <i>Elachiptera</i> Macquart, as Corti included in his genus only one species, <i>E. brevipennis</i> Meigen.</p> <p> Sabrosky (1941) included <i>Myrmemorpha</i> Dufour in his “An annotated list of genotypes of the Chloropidae of the world …” as a doubtful genus citing the opinion of Becker (1910). Narchuk et al. (1970) listed <i>Myrmecomorpha</i> Corti in synonymy with <i>Elachiptera</i> Macquart. Andersson (1977) listed <i>Myrmecomorpha</i> Corti, 1909 with the species <i>brevipennis</i> Meigen as a synonym of <i>Elachiptera.</i> In the Palaearctic catalogue Nartshuk (1984) placed <i>Myrmemorpha</i> Dufour in doubtful names. Sabrosky (1999) placed <i>Myrmemorpha</i> Dufour as a questionable genus dubium in Chloropidae.</p> <p> The first author failed to find Dufour’s specimen(s) in Paris in the collection of Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle. She asked Dr J. Roháček and Dr R.H.L. Disney on their opinion if <i>Myrmemorpha brachyptera</i> may be a wingless species of Anthomyzidae or Phoridae and received negative answers. Species of Scenopinidae, which were mentioned by Dufour have another colour, usually black and white. By the way, Dufour distinctly wrote that <i>Myrmemorpha</i> belongs to <i>“muscides”</i> not far from the genus <i>Mosillus,</i> but <i>Scenopinus</i> to “tanystomes”. It is necessary to take in account that the genus <i>Mosillus</i> was included in the family Chloropidae by Schiner (1864, 1868). There exist only few European brachypterous fly species, size about 1 old French “ligne” (= 2.256 mm) and coloured like described by Dufour, firstly <i>Elachiptera brevipennis</i> Meigen and <i>Stiphrosoma sabulosum</i> (Haliday, 1837), Anthomyzidae. The antennae of the latter species bear long distinct pubescence excluding this species from attempt at an interpretation. A further tiny brachypterous European chloropid (for example occurring abundantly on very dry SE Austrian hills, coll. von Tschirnhaus), <i>Tricimba brachyptera</i> (Thalhammer, 1913) and included until 1993 in the synonymous genus <i>Crassivenula</i> Sabrosky shows a certain colour variation: Light specimens in addition to their predominantly yellowish head and legs possess a lightened scutum with dark stripes. Also the partly swollen abdomen with its small dark or infuscated tergites within yellowish membranes appears predominantly light in such specimens. The species must be mentioned here to complete the possible range of species with a similar habitus.</p> <p> The brachypterous polymorphic and tiny species of the genus <i>Stilpon</i> Loew, 1859 (Hybotidae) must be discussed, of which 11 species occur in Europe and two, <i>S. graminum</i> (Fallén, 1815) and <i>S. lunatus</i> (Walker, 1851), are recorded from the mainland of Spain (Carles-Tolrá, 2002), where Briviesca (Castil), the locus typicus of <i>M. brachyptera</i>, is located. The reason is that their antenna nearly exactly corresponds to figure 8 on the plate accompanying Dufour’s description of <i>Myrmemorpha</i>. In <i>Stilpon</i> spp. the first article is so short and hidden that it could not have been detected by Dufour through his magnifying lens. Thus, all former discussions in the literature on the so-called three-segmented antenna including the arista were superfluous. The second article (pedicel) is nearly ball like and bigger than the third one (1st flagellomere). It surrounds cap-like the basis of the 1st flagellomere. The arista inserts only slightly above the tip (supraapical) of the flagellomere and it is directed, alife, forwards and oblique outwards and slightly downwards (in Dufour’s fig. 8 it inserts at the very tip). All these details have never been discussed in the long disputes of the authors and correspondents mentioned above. Dufour correctly figured another antenna of a typical member of the Acalyptratae, “ <i>Sepedon ferrugineus</i> ” (Sciomyzidae), which shows that he was experienced in recognizing Diptera. He says that the use of his lens dispelled all his doubts if it was a member of the order Diptera. His funny report on his insect collecting during his dangerous military service focused on the “singularité” of this antenna, he knew “no genus in the long series of Muscidae ” [translated from French] with such a configuration. A further interesting detail never was discussed: Dufour characterized the fly as “il courait avec assez d’agilité et sautillait parfois” (it ran very agil and sometimes it jumped). Just this behaviour “moving running or jumping” (“… bewegten sich laufend oder hüpfend”) was published by Joost (1991) and was also observed by the second author in a <i>Stilpon graminum</i> (Fallén, 1815) population feeding on Collembola on the ground of a <i>Carex</i> swamp in Bielefeld, Germany.</p> <p> Contradicting details in Dufour’s description are [as translated]: 1) “Head plane like <i>Oscinis planifrons ”;</i> <i>Musca planifrons</i> Fabricius, 1798 was transferred to the genus <i>Platycephala</i> Fallén in the year 1820 and it is one of the largest European species of Chloropidae with a punctured and completely different frons than <i>Stilpon</i> spp. or <i>Elachiptera brevipennis</i>. Contrary, the frons of <i>Stilpon</i> spp. are narrow, slightly dusted but still shining; because the head is ovoid the frons is not outspread in a peculiar plain. 2) Length “ <i>1 lig[ne]</i> ” = 2.256 mm, contrary, <i>Stilpon</i> spp. measure only 0.8 up to 1.6 mm, but Dufour’s measuring during military service could have been only an estimate.</p> <p> Dufour’s description <i>“Rufa, nitida, scutello abdomineque nigrescentibus; alis abdomine triplo brevioribus”</i> corresponds well with the shining red-brown <i>E. brevipennis</i> and its darker hind parts (compare Fig. 9, this article). Dufour’s figure of the antenna corresponds relatively well with a <i>Stilpon</i> species. Both species occur together in one habitat (caught together by the second author). Dufour said that [translated] “the tussocks were populated by myriads of small insects”. We must assume that the author mixed up both species for his description. The appropriate Latin description is here accepted for <i>E. brevipennis</i>, the more or less correct figure for a <i>Stilpon</i> species is neglected here, as well the jumping behaviour. In the nature the first author observed small jumps in <i>E. brevipennis</i>, too. As also <i>Stilpon</i> spp. are jumping we have a cast iron proof that Dufour’s observed insects could belong as well to the chloropid as to the hybotid species. These results clarify all published doubts of the past.</p> <p> The puzzling last sentences of Dufour, comparing his new genus with the dissimilar genus <i>Scenopinus</i> Latreille, 1802 can now be intepreted better, presuming that also a <i>Stilpon</i> species must have been included in his material. He correctly placed one of his mixed up fly species in a group of more basic " Muscidae ", nearer to the more plesiomorphic genus <i>Scenopinus.</i> This genus also possesses slightly shortened wings and a rudimentary arista arising from the tip of the first flagellomere.</p> <p> As the older name <i>Myrmemorpha</i> and its emendations had not been used (except in catalogues and lists) since 1899 in at least 25 works published by at least 10 authors in the last 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years this case is excluded by the ICZN, articles 23.9.1, 23.9.2, and 23.9.3, from involving the Commission. It is not available.</p> <p> We compare the description of <i>Myrmemorpha brachyptera</i> with specimens of <i>Elachiptera brevipennis</i> and agree with Schiner that Dufour wrongly interpreted the arista as the third segment of the antenna. Therefore we consider these species as being synonyms. We add all other synonyms and their misspellings and emendations of <i>Elachiptera</i>, too. The six generic synonyms in Cherian (1975) are repeated opinions or errors from the literature and they are not discussed and partly not accepted here. A formal listing of <i>Elachiptera</i> and its synonyms is presented here:</p>Published as part of <i>Nartshuk, Emilia P. & Tschirnhaus, Michael Von, 2012, New generic synomyms in the Chloropidae (Diptera, Acalyptratae), with additional taxonomic notes, pp. 44-54 in Zootaxa 3267</i> on pages 44-46, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/208510">10.5281/zenodo.208510</a>
