67,691 research outputs found
A Rosary of Rubies: The Chronicle of the Gur-rigs mDo-chen Tradition from South-Western Tibet
Full text linkThe mDo-chen bKa’-brgyud-pa school represents a little known Buddhist tradition from Mang-yul Gung-thang in south-western Tibet. It goes back to a Buddhist yogin known as Ma-bdun-pa or Ma-bdun ras-chen (12th/13th c.) and was later mainly spread by members of the Gur family. Although belonging to the “Upper ’Brug” (stod ’brug) branch of the ’Brug-pa bKa’-brgyud-pa school, the mDo-chen tradition has always been deeply infused with the “spoken teachings” (bka’ ma) and “treasure teachings” (gter ma) of the rNying-ma-pa school, and the cult of the “Seven Ma-mo Sisters” (ma mo mched bdun) was particularly practised and transmitted by its members. This book presents a critical edition, an annotated translation and a photographic reproduction of a manuscript copy of a rare chronicle of the Gur-rigs mDo-chen tradition written by Brag-dkar rta-so sPrul-sku Chos-kyi dbang-phyug (1775–1837). The text provides us with an overview of the tradition’s development mainly through biographical accounts but also through prophecies, prayers and praises for individual masters. The study concludes with two appendices based on the mDo chen bka’ brgyud gser ’phreng, a lineage history composed in the 15th century, and the “records of teachings received” (thob yig) of three important members of the Gur family, thus allowing us to gain an insight into the transmissions of the mDo-chen bKa’-brgyud-pa school and the interactions of its representatives with other important Buddhist teachers up to the 18th century. The present work is a further outcome of the author’s investigations into the cultural and religious traditions of south-western Tibet and the neighbouring Himalayan valleys
Exploring Three East Asian Composers: Toru Takemitsu, Chen Yi, and Jiyoun Chung
No full textIn a society where studying and composing in the traditional Western classical style is more common, there has been a large growth of non-Western composers and musicians in the twentieth and twenty-first century, especially from the East Asian countries. This presentation will examine three East Asian composers’ works: Toru Takemitu’s Rain Tree Sketch, Chen Yi’s Variations on “Awariguli”, and Jiyoun Chung’s 가위 (“Scissors”): Fantasia Toccata. Just as there are multiple aspects to a culture, there are multiple ways composers can portray these aspects within their music. The similarities between Takemitsu, Chen, and Chung lie in the fact that they synthesize cultural aspects from their native countries with traditional Western musical techniques. However, the journey each composer took to create their works differs immensely. Takemitsu did not begin to appreciate Japanese musical tradition and regularly incorporate aspects of it in his compositions until he had been composing for over a decade. Chen had a greater appreciation for Chinese musical tradition early on and incorporated it into her early compositions and continues to infuse traditional Chinese elements into almost all of her works. Although integrating traditional Korean elements does not come as a priority for Chung, depending on what she specifically wants to communicate through her music, it provided her with a larger musical vocabulary. How Takemitsu, Chen, and Chung preserve aspects of their native culture, ranging from music to aesthetics while fusing traditional Western music techniques, will be observed mainly through their compositional and culture’s influences
Investigation of the distribution of alkylphenol and alkylphenol polyethoxylates in main rivers and harbor areas of Kaohsiung city by LC-MS/MS
No full textHou-Chin stream, Love river, and Chien-Chen river, the three main rivers in Kaohsiung city, flow through the populous residential and industrial areas. A large portion of sewage from domestic and industrial sources are discharged into these rivers, then the Love river and Chien-Chen river pour into the harbor area. In order to understand the pollution of alkylphenol polyethoxylates in these areas, water and sediment samples in Hou-Chin stream, Love river, Chien-Chen river and harbor area in Kaohsiung city were collected and the contents of alkylphenol and corresponding polyethoxylates were analyzed in this study.
LC/MS/MS was used as the analytical instrument which is relatively time-saving in comparison with other instruments. It is also more convenient due to the facts that no derivation or colorization are needed in sample pretreatment. The detection limit can reach to 0.03 ng/ml and recovery can be around 83.6~91.6%. It can analyze alkylphenols combinded with long ethoxylate chain with improved sensitivity and selectivity.
In the four sampling areas, the concentration of NPs in water were between 7.4~241.8ng/ml, and OPs were between 0.66~64.2ng/ml. The most contaminated water samples were found at Chih-Ping Bridge on the mainstream of Love river and Pau-Chu-Kou Dam Station and Min-Tsu Bridge on the tributary of Love river where the concentrations of NPs were greater than 200ng/ml, OPs were greater than 30ng/ml. We found that the main pollution sources were from Lung-Hsin Bridge, Tzu-Yu Bridge, Lung -Hua Bridge, and Pau-Chu-Kou Dam Station. The pollution sources of the Chien-Chen river were mainly from Chung-An Bridge and Chen-Chuan Bridge.
Concentration of NPs in upper sediments were between 633.1~2113.8ng/g, OPs were between 50.3~287.9ng/g. The highest concentration of NPs was at Ho-Ti Bridge on the mainstream of Love river, and the lowest concentration of NPs was at Chung-An Bridge on Chien-Chen river. The highest concentration of OPs was at Chen-Chuan Bridge in Chien-Chen river, and the lowest concentration of OPs was Min-Tsu Bridge on the tributary of Love river. The concentration of NPs in deeper sediments were between 523.9~1919.5ng/g, OPs were between 39.9~322.0ng/g. The highest concentration of NPs was at Chung-Hua Bridge on the tributary of Lover river, and the lowest concentration of NPs was at Chung-An Bridge on Chien-Chen river. The highest concentration of OPs was at Chi-Chin Fishing Port, and the lowest concentration of OPs was at Min-Tsu Bridge on the tributary of Love river.
The salinity of water samples and the total organic carbon in sediment sample will influence the distribution coefficient of alkylphenol polyethoxylates with different length of ethoxylate chains, their distribution coefficients were between 0.48~2.67.
In comparison with foreign studies, the concentrations of alkylphenol polyethoxylates of water and sediments amples in this study were between the highest and lowest values reported. However, the observed concentrations of alkylphenols in these study areas were higher then other rivers in Taiwan. These values were higher than the Probable No Effect Concentrations ( PNEC) of NP risk assessed by European Union. It can be concluded that the pollution of alkylphenol polyethoxylates of water and sediment is getting more serious in Hou-Chin stream, Love river, Chien-Chen river and harbor area in Kaohsiung city
Localization scheme based on multistatic radar systems
No full text本論文通訊作者投稿時必須使用ORCID; 本論文顯示之 Corresponding author was used my ORCID: 0000-0002-5266-9975 是第五作者Hsing-Chung Chen. Please find the web link below. URI: http://orcid.org/0000-0002*5266-9975 Hsing-Chung Chen (0000-0002-5266-9975) - ORCID | Connecting to orcid.org/0000-0002-5266-9975 Hsing-Chung Chen. ORCID iD. orcid.org/0000-0002-5266-9975. Other IDs. Scopus Author ID: 21933446800
CHEN, GING-ZHONG
No full text本研究主要目的除探討記述稗草皺縮矮化病毒（ERSV）引起之病徵、寄主範圍、傳播
特性外，並就其與水稻皺縮矮化病毒（RRSV）生體外之性質、血清類緣關係、核酸、
蛋白質以及病毒形態等特性加以分析比較，期以闡明兩種病毒之異同。
稗草皺縮矮化病主要病徵為植株矮化，分檗增加，葉色濃綠，葉片皺縮不平且於葉綠
形成鋸齒狀缺刻，並於罹病莖、葉之葉脈形成葉脈腫大現象。以帶毒媒介昆蟲接種２
１種禾本科植物結果，計有水稻、小米、小麥、黑麥草、龍爪稷、白茅、野稗及玉米
等出現病徵。
稗草皺縮矮化病毒由擬白背飛蝨（Sogatella longifurcifera）以持續方式傳播。成
、若蟲均能自罹病植物獲毒，約經９∼１０日潛伏期即可傳病，不同蟲群平均傳病蟲
率２２．７％。帶毒蟲最短獲毒及接種吸食時間分別為２小時及３０分鐘。擬白背飛
蝨最適獲毒及傳病溫度為２５℃。罹病植物對媒介蟲之傳病能力有顯著的影響，當媒
介蟲取食發病後３０日（２３．３％）及６０日（２０％）之病株，其傳病蟲率較取
食發病後１０日（１４．９％）及１４０日（９．６％）之病株為高。當取食同一病
株之葉片（２３．７％）或莖部（１９．６％）時，傳病蟲率較取食根部者（５．５
％）高。本病毒不能經卵傳播，亦不能經由其他七種棲息於雜草或水稻之飛蝨、浮塵
子類傳播。利用機械傳播方法不能傳播本病毒。利用玻璃毛細管將罹病粗汁液注射於
稗草幼苗之葉脈，約有５％供試苗表現病徵。以注射方法將罹病株汁液注射於擬白背
飛蝨，約有３２∼５７％供試蟲能獲毒及傳病。讓媒介蟲經由拉張之parafilm及食罹
病汁液，約有７．４％供試蟲能帶毒及傳病。
ERSV及RRSV之生體外性質方面，兩種病毒之熱不活化溫度均在７０∼８０℃間，稀釋
終點均為１０∼１０，帶毒擬白背飛蝨之稀釋終點為１０∼１０。
在４℃時，ERSV及RRSV之耐保存日數分別為９及１０日以上。兩種病毒經由三次凍結
及融解均不減低其感染力。以不同緩衝液萃取ERSV，並將汁液注射媒介蟲後之傳病率
順序為０．１M 醋銨酸，︿０．１M 磷酸緩衝液，︿０．１M 檸檬酸緩衝液，︿０．
１M 硼酸液，︿０．１M Tris緩衝液。RRSV於pH6-8 間病毒均極安定。以四氯化碳或
DaiflonS3 處理ERSV病毒時感染力分別為３１∼４５％；當以氯仿或正丁醇＋氯仿（
１：１）處理粗汁液時，病毒感染力顯著降低。證明ERSV與Fijivirus 亞群之病毒並
無血清類緣關係；但ERSV與RRSV間則具有血清類緣關係。
以 ％Polyacrylamide凝膠泳動時，ERSV可分析到１０條（３．０v ／cm，３０－４
６小時）或 條基因段（２．５v ／cm，４０－５０小時）；而RRSV均為１０條。以
WTV dsRNA 為標誌來同時泳動時，估算ERSV及RRSV之核酸分子量分別為１７．８９×
１０（１０條基因條）及１８．１５×１０daltons。
ERSV及RRSV蛋白鞘之電泳分析兩種病毒分析到１０種鞘蛋白構造單位。RRSV罹病植物
組織經固定，陰染後可在電顯微鏡下觀察到直徑５５∼６０nm之病毒粒子，偶亦可觀
察到直徑約７６nm之大型粒子，具A 突起。純化樣品陰染後，部份粒子可觀察到B 突
起。無突起中核直徑約４０∼４５nm。罹病植物葉片超薄切片可觀察到大量病毒粒子
分佈於韌皮細胞內之viroplasm 或散生於細胞質中或分佈於葉肉細胞內之細胞質並排
邛圍繞於葉緣體之周圍。帶毒媒介昆蟲擬白背飛蝨之組織器官超薄切片後可觀察到直
徑５０∼７５nm之病毒粒子，偶亦可觀察到直徑４０∼４５nm之未成熟粒子。病毒粒
子分佈於帶毒蟲之腦、複眼、胃盲囊、馬氏管或脂肪體等組織器官內。
以RRSV罹病葉片做成陰染標本，於電子顯微鏡下觀時，可發現直徑５０∼６６nm之病
毒粒子。純化樣品陰染時，可觀察到直徑５０∼５５nm之無突起中核或病毒亞粒子，
偶亦可觀察到B 突起中核。
綜合本研究結果ERVS與RRSV之媒介昆蟲種類、寄主範圍、病毒粒子構造、病毒核酸基
因段及蛋白鞘構造單位之排列位置均不相同，故二者為兩種不同之病毒。RRSV之部份
性質如病毒粒子具雙層蛋白鞘與第二亞群之病毒相似；而部份性質如核酸基因段大小
、排列位置及血清關係則於第三亞群相近似，故ERSV之分類地位仍有待商榷
Flavobacterium niveum Chen & Chen & Young & Sheu 2019, SP. NOV.
No full textDESCRIPTION OF FLAVOBACTERIUM NIVEUM SP. NOV. Flavobacterium niveum (ni′ ve.um. L. neut. adj. niveum white, referring to the white bacterial colony). Cells are Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic and rodshaped. No flagellum is detected. Gliding motility is observed. Cells grow well on R2A agar, nutrient agar, Luria-Bertani agar and trypticase soy agar. After 48 h of incubation on R2A agar at 25 Ǫ C, the mean cell size is 0.5–0.7 µm wide and 0.8–2.0 µm long. Colonies on R2A agar are white, convex and circular with regular margins. The colony size is approximately 1.0– 2.5 mm in diameter after 48 h at 25 Ǫ C. Growth occurs at 15–30 Ǫ C (optimum, 20 Ǫ C), at pH 6–8 (optimum, pH 7) and with 0–2 % NaCl (optimum, 0.5 %). Positive for oxidase and catalase activities and hydrolysis of starch, DNA and Tween 80. Negative for hydrolysis of casein, CM-cellulose, chitin, lecithin, corn oil and Tweens 20, 40 and 60. Flexirubin-type pigments are not produced and Congo red is not absorbed by colonies. In API 20NE tests, positive for aesculin and gelatin hydrolysis, b- galactosidase activity and assimilation of glucose, arabinose, mannose and maltose; negative for nitrate reduction, indole production, D- glucose acidification, arginine dihydrolase and urease activities and assimilation of mannitol, N -acetylglucosamine, gluconate, caprate, adipate, malate, citrate and phenyl-acetate. In the API ZYM kit, alkaline phosphatase, C4 esterase, C8 esterase lipase, leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, cystine arylamidase, trypsin, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, a- galactosidase, b-galactosidase, a- glucosidase and b- glucosidase activities are present, but C14 lipase, a- chymotrypsin, b- glucuronidase, N -acetyl-b- glucosaminidase, a- mannosidase and a- fucosidase activities are absent. The following compounds are utilized as sole carbon sources in the GN2 microplate: dextrin, glycogen, cellobiose, L- fucose, gentiobiose, D- glucose, lactose, maltose, D- mannose, melibiose, sucrose, trehalose, turanose, succinic acid monomethylester, acetic acid, DL- lactic acid, D- alanine, L- alanine, L- alanyl glycine, L- asparagine, L-aspartic acid, L- glutamic acid, glycyl-L- aspartic acid, glycyl-L- glutamic acid, L- histidine, L- ornithine, L- proline, L-serine, L- threonine, urocanic acid, inosine, uridine and thymidine. All other substrates in the GN2 microplate are not utilized. The predominant fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) are summed feature 3 (C 16: 1 Ɯ 6 c and/or C 16: 1 Ɯ 7 c), iso-C 15: 0 and C 16: 0. The major hydroxyl fatty acids (>5 %) are iso-C 17: 0 3-OH. The only respiratory quinone is MK-6. The polar lipid profile consists of phosphatidylethanolamine, three uncharacterized aminophospholipids, one uncharacterized phospholipid and one uncharacterized lipid. Homospermidine is the major polyamine, and putrescine and spermidine are minor components. *Summed features are groups of two or three fatty acids that are treated together for the purpose of evaluation in the MIDI system and include both peaks with discrete ECLs as well as those where the ECLs are not reported separately. Summed feature 3 was listed as C16: 1 Ɯ 6 c and/or C16: 1 Ɯ 7 c. The type strain is TAPW14 T (=BCRC 81055 T = LMG 30057 T =KCTC 52808 T), isolated from the water of Wanan Creek in Pingtung County, Taiwan. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence is LT703450. The DNA G+C content of the type strain is 46.0 mol%.Published as part of Chen, Wen-Ming, Chen, Wei-Ting, Young, Chiu-Chung & Sheu, Shih-Yi, 2019, Flavobacterium niveum sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater creek, pp. 271-277 in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 69 (1) on pages 275-276, DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003150, http://zenodo.org/record/604862
Bethylus crassicapitis Wang, He & Chen 2021, sp. nov.
No full textBethylus crassicapitis Wang, He & Chen sp. nov. Fig. 2 Description. Holotype (Fig. 2a). Female. Body length 4.38 mm. Forewing length 2.66 mm. Color. Body black, metasoma dark castaneous. Mandible castaneous. Antenna yellow. Legs yellowish-brown, coxae and femora castaneous. Forewing hyaline tinged with yellow; veins and pterostigma light castaneous. Pubescence. Body with sparse setae, denser in head, propleuron, mesopectus ventrally and legs. Antenna with dense appressed setae. Forewing with short dense setae. Head (Fig. 2 b-e). Head slightly longer than wide, LH 1.09 × WH. Mandible with four teeth; upper most with apex rounded. Median clypeal lobe developed with apex rounded; median carina developed, slightly extending posterad into frons. Antennomeres II–VI in ratio of 1.11:1.11:1.09:1.0:1.0 in length and respectively 2.21, 2.28, 2.25, 2.0, 1.95, 2.02 × width; antennal scrobal carina absent. Frons and vertex coriaceous with shallow sparse punctures separate 1.0–4.0 × their own diameter. WF 1.46 × LE; LE 1.08 × DEV. Anterior ocellus far away from eyes; frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute; POL 0.94 × AOL; OOL 2.07 × WOT; DPV 1.17 × DAO. Vertex crest slightly outcurved; sides of head posterior to eyes converging posteriorly. Malar space narrow, malar line between mandible and eye absent. Gena coriaceous. Mesosoma (Fig. 2 f-g). Pronotum coriaceous; dorsal pronotal area shorter than wide. Mesoscutum coriaceous with shallow sparse punctures; mesoscutum 0.82 × mesoscutellum; parapsidal signum complete. Mesoscutellum coriaceous with few punctures; mesoscutellar pits elongated. Metapostnotum depressed and rugulose, median ridge weakly coriaceous; dorsal area of propodeum rugulose, depressing and obliquely rugose near lateral marginal carina of metapectal-propodeal disc; lateral marginal carina of metapectal-propodeal disc complete; propodeal declivity coriaceous; anterior metapleural area coriaceous, metapleural line with three pits; lateral surface of metapectal-propodeal complex coriaceous. Propleuron coriaceous. Mesopectus coriaceous with shallow punctures; mesopleural pit and fovea weak. Prosternum coriaceous with weak longitudinal sulcus medially. Forewing (Fig. 2h). Rs+M 2 v extremely short; 2r-rs&Rs 2 v slightly rounded with apex rounded curved. Metasoma. Metasomal terga shiny, weakly coriaceous basally; longitudinal sulcus of first metasomal tergum distinctly exceeding first metasomal spiracle. Metasomal sterna weakly coriaceous. Male. Unknown. Variation. Body length: 3.62–4.38 mm. Forewing length: 2.18–2.66 mm. LH 1.09–1.12 × WH; WF 1.56–1.66 × LE; POL 0.94–1.01 × AOL; OOL 2.07–2.43 × WOT; DPV 1.17–1.38 × DAO. Length of mesoscutum 0.82–0.93 × length of mesoscutellum. Type material. Holotype ♀ (ZJUH), China, Ningxia, Liupan Mountain, 106°20′12″E, 35°39′31″N, 3– 14.vii.2009, Huayan Chen, No. 202016004. Paratypes: ♀ (ZJUH), Ningxia, Liupan Mountain, 106°20′12″E, 35°39′31″N, 3–14.vii.2009, Huayan Chen, No. 202016001; ♀ (ZJUH), Ningxia, Liupan Mountain, 106°20′12″E, 35°39′31″N, 3–14.vii.2009, Huayan Chen, No. 202016007. Distribution. China (Ningxia). Etymology. The specific name “ crassicapitis ” is a compound of “ crass ” (thick) and “ caput ” (head) which refers to the thicken head of this species. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other species of this genus by having ocellar triangle elongate, head thickened in lateral view, and median clypeal carina distinctly protuberant in lateral view.Published as part of Wang, Chung-Hong, He, Jun-Hua & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2021, Taxonomy of Bethylus (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from China with description of nine new species, pp. 361-382 in Zootaxa 4974 (2) on page 365, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4974.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/477572
Bethylus incurvus Wang, He & Chen 2021, sp. nov.
No full textBethylus incurvus Wang, He & Chen sp. nov. Fig. 6 Description. Holotype (Fig. 6a). Female. Body length 3.52 mm. Forewing length 2.24 mm. Color. Body dark castaneous, metasoma castaneous. Mandible castaneous with teeth yellowish-brown. Antenna yellow to yellowish-brown. Legs castaneous, trochanters, tibiae and tarsi yellow. Forewing hyaline tinged with yellowish; veins and pterostigma light castaneous. Pubescence. Body with sparse setae, denser in frons, ventral surface of propleuron and mesopectus. Antenna with short appressed setae. Forewing with dense short setae. Legs with dense setae. Head (Fig. 6 b-e). Head longer than wide, LH 1.16 × WH. Mandible with four apical teeth; upper most one with apex rounded. Median clypeal lobe developed with apex rounded; median clypeal carina slightly extending posterad into frons. Antennomeres II–VI in ratio of 0.94:0.85:1.02:1.18:1.0 in length and respectively 1.85, 1.67, 1.63, 2.18, 1.96 × width; antennal scrobal carina absent. Frons and vertex coriaceous with punctures separate 1.0–2.0× their own diameter. WF 1.40 × LE; LE 1.0 × DEV. Anterior ocellus far away from eyes; frontal angle of ocellar triangle acute; POL 1.05 × AOL; OOL 2.33 × WOT; DPV 1.50 × DAO. Vertex crest almost straight; sides of head posterior to eyes converging posteriorly. Malar space narrow, malar line between mandible and eye absent. Gena coriaceous, ventral area coriaceous with shallow punctures. Mesosoma (Fig. 6 f-g). Pronotum coriaceous; dorsal pronotal area shorter than wide, coriaceous with shallow punctures. Mesoscutum coriaceous with shallow punctures; mesoscutum 0.80× mesoscutellum; parapsidal signum complete. Mesoscutellum coriaceous with shallow punctures; mesoscutellar pits elongated. Metapostnotum rugulose, median ridge weakly coriaceous; dorsal area of propodeum coriaceous; lateral marginal carina of metapectalpropodeal disc complete but weak basally; propodeal declivity coriaceous; anterior metapleural area coriaceous, metapleural line with three pits; lateral surface of metapectal-propodeal complex coriaceous. Propleuron coriaceous. Prosternum coriaceous with a distinct longitudinal sulcus. Mesopectus coriaceous with shallow punctures; mesopleural pit and fovea weak; ventral surface coriaceous with subpleural signum; mesodiscrimen absent. Forewing (Fig. 6h). Rs+M 2 v extremely short; 2r-rs&Rs 2 v slightly rounded with apex abruptly curved. Metasoma. Metasomal terga weakly coriaceous, shiny apically; median longitudinal sulcus of first metasomal tergum distinctly exceeding first metasomal spiracles. Metasomal sterna weakly coriaceous with tiny punctures; first metasomal sternum rugulose, median longitudinal carina present. Male. Unknown. Variation. Body length 3.26–3.73 mm. Length of forewing: 1.94–2.28 mm. LH 1.11–1.19 × WH; WF 1.13– 1.48 × LE; LE 0.95–1.02 × DEV; POL 1.05–1.27 × AOL; OOL 2.23–2.81 × WOT; DPV 1.12–1.53 × DAO. Type material. Holotype ♀ (ZJUH), China, Ningxia, Liupan Mountain, 106°20′12″E, 35°39′31″N, 3– 14.vii.2009, Huayan Chen, No. 202016002. Paratypes: ♀ (ZJUH), Ningxia, Jingyuan, Erlong River, 3.vii.2008, Jiemin Yao, No. 200808482; ♀ (ZJUH), Ningxia, Liupan Mountain, 106°20′12″E, 35°39′31″N, 3–14.vii.2009, Huayan Chen, No. 202016003; ♀ (ZJUH), Ningxia, Liupan Mountain, 106°20′12″E, 35°39′31″N, 3–14.vii.2009, Huayan Chen, No. 202016005. Distribution. China (Ningxia). Etymology. The specific name “ incurvus ” refers to median clypeal carina incurved in lateral view. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other species of this genus by having LH at least 1.15 × WH, apex of median clypeal lobe distinctly protuberant with apex rounded (Fig. 6b), and median clypeal carina incurved in lateral view (Fig. 6e).Published as part of Wang, Chung-Hong, He, Jun-Hua & Chen, Xue-Xin, 2021, Taxonomy of Bethylus (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from China with description of nine new species, pp. 361-382 in Zootaxa 4974 (2) on pages 370-373, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4974.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/477572
[[alternative]]A Study on the Supermarket in the Country Area - Case Study of Hsilo Chen
No full text[[abstract]]In order to realize how the supermarket operates in the country area, the researcher chooses “Hsilo Chen” as case study to achieve the goals. First of all, based on the data of the supermarket which are collected by “Retailing Mart Magazine Corporation”, population is considered the most important factor to influence the space disposition of the supermarket. Besides, by discussing the space disposition, the physical distribution system, the operation character, the range of a good, and the consumer attribute and behavior of supermarkets in Hsilo Chen, the differences among distinct geography space are found. Secondly, according to the spread of supermarkets in Hsilo Chen, it is believed why the location of the supermarket is confined to a limited region is due to the commodity delivery, management, and regional difference.
Finally, comparing the supermarket with other retail channels which have the same functions as it, the retail status of the supermarket in Hsilo Chen is to be a low-order store which provides fresh foods and necessities. In a word, the function of the supermarket to offer fresh foods only lags behind the traditional market. And because of lacking the warehouse, the major competitor for food merchandise and daily commodities is R.O.C. Cooperative Union. It means that the supermarket is one of the most important retail stores in Hsilo Chen. Maybe “Hsilo Chen” is not a typical case to represent the country area. The results of this thesis can also be references to understand the supermarket in the country area.
Key words：supermarket, Hsilo Chen, space disposition, physical distribution system, operation character, the range of a good, consumer attribute and behavior, retail status
A secure group-based mobile chat protocol
No full text本論文通訊作者投稿時必須使用ORCID; 本論文顯示之 Corresponding author was used my ORCID: 0000-0002-5266-9975 是第一作者Hsing-Chung Chen. Please find the web link below. URI: http://orcid.org/0000-0002*5266-9975 Hsing-Chung Chen (0000-0002-5266-9975) - ORCID | Connecting to orcid.org/0000-0002-5266-9975 Hsing-Chung Chen. ORCID iD. orcid.org/0000-0002-5266-9975. Other IDs. Scopus Author ID: 21933446800
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