1,720,960 research outputs found
Remittance behaviours of foreigners in Italy
No full textThis paper intends to figure out why immigrants remit, what characteristics they have and, in
particular, which of these individual characteristics influence (and in what sense) their remittance
behaviours. In particular, it aims to verify the existence of a "time effect" during the migration
process. The time effect supposes that the propensity and amount of remittances become less
consistent as far as the immigrant integrates into the host country and the ties with the country of
origin become less intense. In practice, according to this hypothesis, the evolution of the migration
plan towards stabilisation in the new country, rather than to return home, would lead the migrant to
invest more humanly and economically in the host country, while reducing his emotional and
economic commitment to the family left in the country of origin. We use the 2009 IT-Silc survey
"Reddito e condizioni di vita delle famiglie con stranieri" covering around 6,000 households with
at least one foreigner member. This survey provides many details on foreigner's characteristics,
remittances attitudes and return plans, and allows us also to consider the composition of the family
both in place of origin and of destination. Propensity to remit and amount of remittances are both
analysed through the application of a zero/one inflated beta model
Unmet need for health care: the case of foreigners living in Italy
No full textItaly has a public and universal health care system that covers -in principle- both regular and irregular migrants’ health care demand. However, the concrete shows that migrants in Italy experience specific inequalities in health and access to health care, that overlap the existing geographical disparities in the access to care across the country. This study aims to compare self-perceived unmet need among foreigners living in Italy assessing whether it varies from one foreign-national group to the other. In particular, we study the self-reported unmet need as an indicator of access to health care, exploring its reasons. Data used for the analysis come from the Italian special Survey of Income and Living Conditions (IT-SILC) carried on households with foreigners in 2009
Time pattern of remittance behaviours in Italy
No full textThis paper intends to figure out why immigrants remit, what characteristicsthey have and, in particular, which of these individual characteristics influence (and inwhat sense) their propensity to remit. In particular, it intends to verify the existence of a"time effect" during the migration process. The time effect suppose that the propensityand the intensity of remittances becomes less consistent as far as the immigrantintegrates into the host country and the ties with the country of origin become lessintense. In practice, according to this hypothesis, the evolution of the migration plantowards stabilization in the new country, rather than to return home, would lead themigrant to invest more (humanly and economically) in the host country, while reducinghis emotional and economic commitment to the family left in the country of origin. Weuse the 2009 IT-Silc survey "Reddito e condizioni di vita delle famiglie con stranieri"carried on around 6,000 households having at least one foreigner component. Thissurvey provides many details on foreigner's characteristics, remittances attitudes andreturn plans, and allows us also to consider the composition of the family both in placeof origin and of destination
Remittance behaviours of foreigners in Italy
No full textThis article investigates the determinants of remittance behaviours among foreigners in Italyand intends to gain a better understanding of the temporal pattern of remittances. The analysisis based on data from the 2009 “Italian Statistics on Income and Living Conditions of House-holds with Foreigners”. The decisions on whether to remit and how much to remit are sepa-rately yet simultaneously estimated using a zero-inflated beta regression model. The findingsreveal that remittances are driven by a mix of altruistic and self-interest motives that may per-sist for many years. Many covariates included in the model have a different effect on thepropensity to remit and on the relative amount of remittances. We find some evidence that theaverage propensity to remit follows an M-shaped trajectory over time. However, the modelspecification including only time and time squared proves that the inverted-U shape trajectory,well-established in the literature, still remains a better choice in terms of parsimoniousness andflexibility. Among those who remit, time since migration does not have any significant effecton the normalized amount remitted
The smallest extraction problem
Full text linkWe introduce landmark grammars, a new family of context-free grammars aimed at describing the HTML source code of pages published by large and templated websites and therefore at effectively tackling Web data extraction problems. Indeed, they address the inherent ambiguity of HTML, one of the main challenges of Web data extraction, which, despite over twenty years of research, has been largely neglected by the approaches presented in literature. We then formalize the Smallest Extraction Problem (SEP), an optimization problem for finding the grammar of a family that best describes a set of pages and contextually extract their data. Finally, we present an unsupervised learning algorithm to induce a landmark grammar from a set of pages sharing a common HTML template, and we present an automatic Web data extraction system. The experiments on consolidated benchmarks show that the approach can substantially contribute to improve the state-of-the-art
Noah: Creating data integration pipelines over continuously extracted web data
No full textWe present Noah, an ongoing research project aiming at developing a system for semi-automatically creating end-to-end Web data processing pipelines. The pipelines continuously extract and integrate information from multiple sites by leveraging the redundancy of the data published on the Web. The system is based on a novel hybrid human-machine learning approach in which the same type of questions can be interchangeably posed both to human crowd workers and to automatic responders based on machine learning (ML) models. Since the early stages of pipelines, crowd workers are engaged to guarantee the output data quality, and to collect training data, that are then used to progressively train and evaluate automatic responders. The latter are fully deployed into the data processing pipelines to scale the approach and to contain the crowdsourcing costs later. The combination of guaranteed quality and progressive reductions of costs of the pipelines generated by our system can improve the investments and development processes of many applications that build on the availability of such data processing pipelines
A Universal Health Care System? Unmet Need for Medical Care Among Regular and Irregular Immigrants in Italy
No full textItaly has a universal health care system that covers, in principle, the whole resident population, irrespective of citizenship and legal status. This study calculates the prevalence of unmet need for medical care among Italian citizens, regular and irregular immigrants and estimates logistic regression models to assess whether differences by citizenship and legal status hold true once adjusting for potential confounders. The analysis is based on two Surveys on Income and Living Conditions of Italian households and households with foreigners. Controlling for various factors, the odds of experiencing unmet need for medical care are 27% higher for regular immigrants than for Italian citizens and 59% higher for irregular immigrants. The gaps by citizenship and legal status are even more striking among those with chronic illnesses. These results reveal the high vulnerability of immigrants in Italy and the need to develop more effective policies to achieve health care access for all residents
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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