1,721,034 research outputs found
Ziviler Ungehorsam im Zeitalter digitaler Medien
Full text linkDiese Arbeit verbindet zwei Perspektiven, nämlich den Blick auf die soziale Praxis des digitalen Ungehorsams mit dem anhaltenden Diskurs über zivilen Ungehorsam in der politischen Theorie. Digitaler Ungehorsam entwickelte sich im Verlauf der Evolution digitaler Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien in überraschendem Facettenreichtum: vom BTX Hack des Chaos Computer Clubs über den Widerstand der Cypherpunks für die weltweite Verbreitung von Verschlüsselung hin zu Anonymous, Aaron Swartz und Edward Snowden.
Reload Disobedience plädiert für eine Revision des dominierenden Verständnisses von zivilem Ungehorsam und stützt sich dabei auf Theorien von Hannah Arendt, Michael Walzer und Etienne Balibar. Viele Beispiele in der Geschichte des digitalen Ungehorsams werden diesem neuen Verständnis durchaus gerecht, doch gibt es gleichzeitig Faktoren, die weitere Fragen aufwerfen: Kann ziviler Ungehorsam anonym sein oder automatisiert durchgeführt werden? Wie verändert sich das kollektive Handeln, das maßgeblicher Teil der Tradition zivilen Ungehorsames ist, durch die globale Vernetzung? Um diese und andere Effekte digitalen Handelns zu verstehen, diskutiert die Autorin die Entscheidungen der digital Ungehorsamen sowie Möglichkeiten und Grenzen digitalen Handelns im Kontext demokratie-theoretischer Überlegungen. Eine Kernthese der Arbeit ist, dass ziviler Ungehorsam in digitalen Formen potentiell eine neue Direktheit des Politischen erzeugen kann. Gleichzeitig muss sich diese Praxis einer besonderen Unsicherheit sowie neuen Risiken und Herausforderungen stellen, um dem demokratischen Geist des zivilen Ungehorsams unter neuen Bedingungen gerecht zu werden.This work combines two perspectives, namely the social and activist history of digital forms of disobedience with the ongoing discourse around civil disobedience in political theory. In the course of the internet’s evolution, digital disobedience developed in a surprisingly multifaceted nature: From cases like the BTX Hack of the Chaos Computer Club, to the Cypherpunks and their effort to spread encryption, from Anonymous to Aaron Swartz or Edward Snowden.
This work argues for a broader understanding of civil disobedience than the mainstream in political thinking suggests based on arguments from a radical democratic line of thinking, inspired by Hannah Arendt, Michael Walzer and Etienne Balibar. Many cases of digital disobedience meet the spirit of this new understanding, while at the same time their digital nature provokes a new set of questions as well. For instance the question, if civil disobedience may be anonymous or even automated. How does the internet change collective action which is often seen as a core element of the tradition of civil disobedience? The author discusses the choices and principles behind digitally disobedient action as well as the possibilities and limits of digital action in the context of democratic theory. She shows that civil disobedience in digital action even develops a new directness of encounter that adds a new potential to this delicate form of political action. Nevertheless, digital practices of civil disobedience are at the same time precarious and faced with new risks and challenges, like automation of and the risk of elitist tech-avant-gardes overriding the democratic spirit that civil disobedience is rooted in
Updating civil disobedience: Whistleblowing, anonymous hacktivism, and academic piracy
Full text linkThis thesis examines the extent to which new practices of principled acts of illegal resistance that involve the use of digital technologies can fruitfully be interpreted as new forms of civil disobedience. The study focuses on three kinds of digital acts: whistleblowing, anonymous hacktivism, and radical initiatives to open access to academic publications. Through a detailed reconstruction of Edward Snowden’s whistleblowing, some of Anonymous’ distributed denial of service (DDoS) actions, and Sci-Hub’s and LibGen’s academic piracy, the thesis interrogates a large variety of positions from traditional liberal theories to more recent radical democratic accounts of civil disobedience. The investigation centers on the problems of whether civil disobedience can take place within and against private organizations such as corporations, if it necessarily excludes anonymous actions, and if property damage and other forms of somewhat violent actions are unavoidably incompatible with civility. The author offers an interpretation of the ‘civil’ of civil disobedience not as decorum, reasonableness, or respect for the law, but as the enactment of a broadly construed citizenship that is not limited to those officially recognized as citizens of a state. The notion of performative citizenship is proposed as a non-substantive essentially pluralist notion of civility that, together with the conditions of non-militarism and self-restraint, makes the radical democratic minimal definition of civil disobedience better-suited to account for ongoing transformations of the practices of contestation due to their increasing globalization and digitalization
Politiek en Tijd. Een kritische studie naar de temporele condities van modern politiek handelen
No full textAs the presence of Islamic immigrants within Europe has intensified, religious critique, as a discursive practice deployed within a secular framework, takes on an increasingly antagonistic stance towards Islam. Secular critiques of religion frame the issues at stake in terms of shifting boundaries between secular emancipation and orthodox religious values. However, this antagonistic religious critique produces an increasing cultural hegemony which excludes religious actors, especially Muslims, from public discourse. This research project is concerned with the exclusionary practices stemming from a secular framework; however, it does not wish to evaluate this exclusion from an external normative viewpoint, but rather from the paradoxical effect that exclusionary critical practices produce with regard to secularism's guiding aim of emancipation. More specifically, I will analyse the complexity of contemporary varieties of secularism and the discursive practices that they use to criticise religion. This firstly allows for a critical analysis of the way secular discourse presents itself as antagonistic vis-à-vis religion, and constructs antithetical religious and non-religious identities. Secondly, this allows me to reflect upon the conditions necessary for secularism to foster its emancipatory aim, by functioning as a tool for social critique, available for non-religious and religious actors, aiming to prevent obstacles to human flourishing.status: Publishe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Persistence of Revolutionary Spirit - Civil Disobedience according to Hannah Arendt in reference to the Liberal Tradition
No full textIn this thesis, I compare Hannah Arendt's view on political disobedience with the positions of three liberal theorists, namely, John Rawls, Ronald Dworkin and Joseph Raz. The aim of this comparison consists in identifying the difficulties found in these later theories to justify political and democratic disobedience and in discussing the way in which Arendt's approach to politics could help us to solve these difficulties. My main methodological hypothesis is that the political participation of citizens plays a secondary role in these liberal theories. For the latter, citizen participation should be limited either because of its possible disturbing effects on the necessary political and social stability, which would ensure the functioning of just institutions (Rawls), or because it would threaten the principles of democratic politics, namely the majority principle and the corresponding right to vote (Dworkin), or because liberal societies par definitionem ensure political rights and so civil disobedience is unjustified in most cases (Raz). Against this, Hannah Arendt proposes a theoretical model that could solve the aforementioned difficulties, because it has as its starting point a primacy of political freedom over the protection of rights. Her approach to the difference between negative and..
- …
