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Fridericia crassiductata Dózsa-Farkas & Cech, 2006, sp.n.
No full textFridericia crassiductata sp.n. Type material deposited in the author’s (DózsaFarkas, K.) collection at the Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest. Type locality: Zemplén Mountains, Hungary, Holotype: F. 14 (1967) Senyő–völgy, Zemplén Mountains, picked up from beech litter, 48 o 28 ’ 22 ” N, 21 o 25 ’ 59 ” E 214m, 20.04. 2004. coll. K. DózsaFarkas. Paratype: P. 81.1 (1968) Komlóska–völgy, Zemplén Mountains, 48 o 25 ’ 53 ”N, 21 o 27 ’ 30 ”E, 223m, purple moorgrass meadow, 28.05. 2003, one stained specimen coll. K. DózsaFarkas, M. Pobozsny, P. 81.2 (1969) Mlaka–rét, Zemplén Mountains, 48 o 24 ’04”N, 21 o 24 ’ 32 ”E, 497m, mixed hornbeambirches forest, 28.05. 2003, one stained specimen coll. K. DózsaFarkas, M. Pobozsny, P. 81.3 (1970) Senyő–völgy, Zemplén Mountains, 48 o 28 ’ 22 ” N, 21 o 25 ’ 59 ” E, 214m from beech litter, 20.04. 2004, three specimens, coll. K. DózsaFarkas, P. 81.4 (1971) Senyő–völgy, Zemplén Mountains, oak forest (Quercus cerris) 48 o 28 ’ 19 ”N, 21 o 25 ’ 58 ” E 217m, 20.04. 2004, three specimens, coll. K. Dózsa Farkas, P. 81.5 (1972) Mlaka–rét, Zemplén Mountains, beech forest 48 o 23 ’ 59 ”N 21 o 24 ’ 21 ”E 542m, 0 5.28. 2003, one praeclitellar half of body (the caudal part used of DNAbased examinations (in Table 1:No. 1) coll. K. DózsaFarkas, M. Pobozsny, P. 81.6 (1973) Bagolybérci gerinc, Zemplén Mountains, oak forest (Quercus petraea) 48 o 24 ’ 27 ’N 21 o 23 ’ 41 ”E 593m, 0 5.28. 2003, one specimen, coll. DózsaFarkas, M. Pobozsny. Etymology: ‘crassus’ (Lat.) = thick, ductus (Lat.) = duct, tube. Referring to the thick and long spermathecal ectal duct. Description Length 13–20 mm. Diameter 0.5–0.7 mm at VIII, and 0.6–0.8 mm at clitellum. Segment number (38) – 40 – 56. Chaetae (Fig. 1 A) a maximum of 10 per bundle, formula (Nielsen & Christensen 1959): 4,5,6,7 – 6,5, 4,(3,2): 7,8,9,10 – 8,7,6,5,4,(3,2). Outer chaetae much longer than inner, e.g. the outermost 76 – 85 μm long and the innermost 33–38 μm in a praeclitellar bundle, the outer 95–100 μm long and the inner 85–90 μm long at the caudal part of the body. Cutaneous glands: about 10 rows of brown reticulate cells per segment. The epidermis is often hard to see through, due to these brownpigmented cells on the anterior segments (Fig. 1 B). Body wall of medium thickness (about 38–47 μm) cuticle thin (3 μm). Head pore at 0/I, well visible (Fig. 1 C). Dorsal pores beginning from VII. Brain (Fig. 1 D) 1.2–1.5 times longer than wide (140–180 μm long) in the posterolateral regions one small aggregation of refractive globules on either side. Oesophageal appendage (peptonephridia) (Fig. 2 A) variable, proximally some short branches, the main tube extends to V with wide lumen, and 1–2 branches distally. Sometimes the proximal branches cannot be found. Pharyngeal glands (septal glands) all paired with ventral lobes (in VI distinctly largest often with posterior projection), dorsal connection absent. Nephridia 5 pairs from VI/VII – X/XI, postseptale 2,5times longer than the anteseptale, medial origin of efferent duct. Coelomocytes (Fig. 1 E): mucocytes type b (Möller 1971), small (20–24 – 32 μm) with refractile vesicle, often dark in transmitted light, lenticytes (length 5–11 μm) are scarce. Chylus cells not visible due to the dense dark chloragocytes. Dorsal blood vessel from (XV)–XVII–XVIII, blood colourless. Clitellum well developed, XII–XIII girdle shaped, hyalocytes and granulocytes arrangement reticulate (Fig 3). Seminal vesicle is very large, occupying 3–4 segments (VIII–XII). Sperm funnel (Fig. 4 A) 250–380 μm long and 140–160 μm wide, collar narrower than the funnel body. Spermatozoa about 264 μm long, head 95 μm. Male copulatory organ is 170–200 μm long, 80–140 μm wide and 80–120 μm high, the bursal slit (Fig. 4 B) is longitudinal with more transverse components. Three small subneural glands (Fig. 4 C) in the XIV–XV–XVI segment. The ectal duct of spermatheca (Fig. 2 B, 5 A) is very wide (35–48 μm) and long (580–640 μm), longer than the body diameter. The ectal duct canal is narrow (6–7 μm) throughout, and not widening proximally. Two (rarely three) large sessile eggshaped brown ectal glands (80–130 μm long, 60–75 μm wide) (Fig. 5 B, 5 C). The ampulla with a single ring of 9–10 large, sessile, globular diverticula (50–70 μm long), laterally compressed by each other, filled with sperm (Fig. 5 A). Proximal part of ampulla cylindrical with a wide lumen. There is a separate opening into oesophagus. Two to four mature eggs at a time. Distribution and habitat: Known only from the type locality (Zemplén Mountains [northeastern part of the Hungarian Central Mountains]), in beech, hornbeam and birch forest). Diagnosis The new species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: (1) the size of the body (1320 mm long, 0.5–0.7 mm wide, segment number (38)– 40–56); (2) the form of spermatheca, with 9–10 large, sessile, globular diverticula, long and thick ectal ducts, and two very large (80–130 μm long) eggshaped ectal glands; (3) maximum ten chaetae per bundle; (4) all pairs of pharyngeal glands with ventral lobes and the dorsal connection absent; (5) the clitellum is girdle shaped, hyalocytes and granulocytes arrangement reticulate; (6) seminal vesicle is large; (7) penial slit is longitudinal with more transverse components; and (9) three subneural glands in XIV–XVI. from F. ratzeli (Eisen, 1872) sensu Nielsen and Christensen, 1959 and F. eiseni Dózsa Farkas, 2005) in the following morphological properties: F. r a t z e l i (Eisen, 1872) sensu Nielsen and Christensen, 1959 has only small spermathecal ectal glands, the coelomocytes type are between type a and type c (while the new species has two large ectal glands and type b of coelomomucocytes with refractile vesicle). F. eiseni were found to have tiny spermathecal ectal gland(s), the ectal duct is far thinner (24–26 μm compared to 35–50 μm in F. crassiductata), the spermathecal diverticula is more or less the same shape in the new species, whereas the size of the diverticula of F. eiseni is variable and the two lateral ones are always larger. The shape of the spermatheca of F. crassiductata shows high morphological similarity with F. re g u l a r i s (Nielsen and Christensen, 1959), however, the ectal duct is far more slender and the ectal gland is absent or very small (see Schmelz, 2003, Fig. 61 A). Moreover, in the case of the latter species the oesophageal appendages are more coiled (type b) and the maximal chaetal number is four. Large Fridericia species with similar spermathecae (F. regularis Nielsen and Christensen, 1959, F. oconeensis Welch, 1914, F. firma Smith and Welch, 1913, F. agricola Moore, 1895) differ from the new species by the absence of the subneural gland(s). F. oconeensis differs from the new species by the thinner spermathecal duct and absent (or very small) ectal glands, furthermore, the small diameter of the spermathecal ampulla with diverticula (70 μm). Neither F. f i r m a, nor F. agilis Smith, 1895 and F. agricola possesses ectal glands of the spermatheca. In the case of F. agilis and all the four species mentioned above, the maximal number of chaetae does not reach 8 (it is 8–10 in the case of the new species). Finally, two other species described in Italy seem to be partly similar considering the spermatheca: F. gigantea Dequal, 1912 and F. florentina Dequal, 1914. F. gigantea is much larger (30–45 mm long, 90–95 segments). Also, F. florentina has more segments (85–90) and although it has two large spermathecal ectal glands, the spermathecal duct is short and the diverticula of the spermatheca are placed in two groups on the opposite sides of the ampulla.Published as part of Dózsa-Farkas, K. & Cech, G., 2006, Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCRRFLP, pp. 53-68 in Zootaxa 1310 on pages 57-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17385
The Set of Idempotents in the Weakly Almost Periodic Compactification of the Integers is not Closed
No full textThis paper answers negatively the question of whether the sets
of idempotents in the weakly almost periodic compacti?cations of (N; +) and
(Z; +) are closed
Contributions to the essential dimension of finite and algebraic groups
No full textEssential dimension, introduced by Joe Buhler and Zinovy Reichstein and in its most general form by Alexander Merkurjev is a measure of complexity of algebraic objects such as quadratic forms, hermitian forms, central simple algebras and étale algebras. Informally, the essential dimension of an algebraic object is the number of parameters needed to define it.
Often isomorphism classes of objects of some type are in one to one bijection with isomorphism classes of G-torsors. The maximal essential dimension of a G-torsor (called essential dimension of G) gives an invariant of algebraic groups, which will be of primary interest in this thesis. The text is subdivided into four chapters as follows:
Chapter I+II: Multihomogenization of covariants and its application to covariant and essential dimension
The essential dimension of a linear algebraic group G can be expressed via G-equivariant rational maps phi: A(V) --> A(W), so called covariants, between generically free G-modules V and W. In these two chapters we explore a new technique for dealing with covariants, called multihomogenization. This technique was jointly introduced with Hanspeter Kraft and Gerald Schwarz in an already published paper, which forms the second chapter.
Applications of the multihomogenization technique to the essential dimension of algebraic groups are given by results on the essential dimension of central extensions, direct products, subgroups and the precise relation of essential dimension and covariant dimension (which is a variant of the former with polynomial covariants). Moreover the multihomogenization technique allows one to extend a twisting construction introduced by Matthieu Florence from the case of irreducible representations to completely reducible representations. This relates Florence's work on the essential dimension of cyclic p-groups to recent stack theoretic approaches by Patrick Brosnan, Angelo Vistoli and Zinovy Reichstein and by Nikita Karpenko and Alexander Mekurjev.
Chapter III: Faithful and p-faithful representations of minimal dimension
The study of essential dimension of finite and algebraic groups is closely related to the study of its faithful resp. generically free representations. In general the essential dimension of an algebraic group is bounded above by the least dimension of a generically free representation minus the dimension of the algebraic group. In some prominent cases this upper bound or a variant of it is strict.
In this chapter we are guided by the following general questions: What do faithful representations of the least possible dimension look like? How can they be constructed? How are they related to faithful representations of minimal dimension of subgroups? Along the way we compute the minimal number of irreducible representations needed to construct a faithful representation.
Chapter IV: Essential p-dimension of algebraic tori
This chapter is joint work with Mark MacDonald, Aurel Meyer and Zinovy Reichstein. We study a variant of essential dimension which is relative to a prime number p. This variant, called essential p-dimension, disregards effects resulting from other primes than p. In a recent paper Nikita Karpenko and Alexander Merkurjev have computed the essential dimension of p-groups. We extend their result and find the essential p-dimension for a class of algebraic groups, which includes all algebraic tori and twisted finite p-groups
P Values and Statistical Significance
No full textThis resource, created by author Will G. Hopkins, defines what a p-value is, why .05 is significant, and when to use it. It also covers related topics such as one-tailed/two-tailed tests and hypothesis testing. Overall, this is a wonderful resource for students wanting to learn more about statistics, and more specially, significant testing
Wybrane psychologiczne teorie cech osobowości
No full textThe problems of personality appear here as the main question of the contemporary psychology. In the research on personality the common mechanisms o f its functioning are searched. In this article the theories on personality are presented in which the notion of the characteristic seems to be essential. In these theories (J. P. Guilford, R. B. Cattell, H. J. Eysenck, G. W Allport) the structure of personality is formed by the total sum o f characteristics, where a characteristic is understood as a synthesis of some behaviours.Problematyka osobowości pojawia się tu jako główny problem współczesnej psychologii. W badaniach nad osobowością poszukuje się wspólnych mechanizmów jej funkcjonowania. W artykule przedstawiono teorie dotyczące osobowości, w których pojęcie cechy wydaje się być niezbędny. W tych teoriach (JP Guilford, RB Cattell, HJ Eysenck, GW Allport) struktura osobowości jest utworzona przez całkowitą sumę cech, gdzie cecha rozumiana jest jako synteza pewnych zachowań
Remarkable harvestmen from the Czech Republic
No full textThe fauna of harvestmen of the Czech Republic is relatively well-known (SILHAVY 1956, MARTENS 1978). Still, species new for the country have recently been found both in natural (KLlMES & BEZDECKA 1995) and synanthropic habitats (KLlMES 1995). Our knowledge of the distribution of most species is, however, far from complete. For several species, including ones found relatively frequently, only a few localities have been reported from the Czech Republic up to now. In this paper we present some interesting findings of harvestmen in Bohemia (western Czech Republic) and Moravia (eastern part) which may stimulate further faunistic research in the territory (fig. 1)
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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