1,720,973 research outputs found
La brecha de género en la educación financiera: una perspectiva internacional
Get PDFLos resultados del programa PISA revelan que los hombres obtienen sistemáticamente
mejores puntuaciones medias que las mujeres en las pruebas de competencia financiera.
Este trabajo analiza empíricamente la brecha de género en la competencia financiera de
estudiantes de secundaria en países de la OCDE utilizando datos de PISA 2022. Los
resultados obtenidos confirman que las mujeres obtienen sistemáticamente peores
resultados que los hombres, incluso controlando por variables sociodemográficas,
educativas y culturales. El análisis revela que la brecha no está explicada por
características observadas, lo que sugiere la influencia de factores no observables como
la confianza, los estereotipos de género o normas sociales
La evolución temporal del Gasto en Consumo Final de las Familias
Get PDFLa evolución temporal del gasto en consumo final de las familias es un indicador económico clave que refleja los patrones de consumo y el bienestar económico de los hogares a lo largo del tiempo. Este gasto incluye todas las compras realizadas por los hogares en bienes y servicios para satisfacer sus necesidades diarias, tales como alimentación, vivienda, transporte, salud, educación y ocio.
El análisis de su evolución a lo largo del tiempo permite entender mejor cómo los cambios en la economía, como el crecimiento del PIB, la inflación, las tasas de interés, o las fluctuaciones del mercado laboral, afectan el comportamiento de consumo de las familias. Por ejemplo, durante periodos de recesión económica, las familias tienden a reducir su gasto en bienes no esenciales, mientras que en fases de crecimiento económico, pueden permitirse incrementar su consumo en bienes de lujo o discrecionales.
Además, la evolución del gasto en consumo final también está influenciada por factores demográficos como el envejecimiento de la población, los cambios en la estructura familiar y las tendencias sociales que modifican las prioridades de gasto, como la creciente importancia de la tecnología o la preferencia por productos sostenibles.
En este trabajo se analizarán los datos sobre gasto en consumo final de las familias desde el 2000 al 2020 obtanidos de la Contabilidad Nacional y Regional elaborada por el INE
Tourism and income distribution: general equilibrium models applied to the Galician economy
No full textTourism is a growing economic activity. Even in a moment of crisis like present days,
different organizations estimate that the evolution of tourism variables are going to
increase more than triple the estimated growth for the whole economy. In this
context, it is normal that specializated literature were focused on analyzing the
economic impact of tourism, more related to the studies on its quantitative aspects
(impact on GVA, employment, production, taxes, etc.) and not paying much attention
to the qualitative analysis.
However, the relationship between income distribution and economic growth is a
topic which, in one way or another, must come to light in any economic debate. In all
economic processes we know that there are some people winners and others losers.
Or at least ones that get more benefits than others. With tourism is not going to be
different. The revenues generated in the production process in order to satisfy tourist
demand is distributed throughout the economic cycle to become part of the
disposable income of the resident families. But this is not distributed equitably. There
are some types of households that earn more income than others. The question is: can
we identify them a priori? The answer is yes. In fact, the main objective of this work is
to identify these groups in the Galician context. The way to identify them is through
general equilibrium models that consider the economy as a whole, allowing a
dissagregation by types of households and covering the circular flow of income,
completely and endogenously.
It is certainly important to know the impact of tourism on income and what represents
on Gross Domestic Product or Gross Value Added of the economy. But this is not
enough. We consider that we must take a step further and try to know how it is
distributed among the different institutional sectors
COVID-19 e os seus efectos económicos: rupturas nas cadeas de valor e cambios nos patróns de consumo
Get PDFA new approach for estimating trade elasticities and measuring the productivity effects associated with trade
Get PDFAlthough there is an extensive literature on the measurement of total factor productivity (TFP) and its decomposition, the benefits of international trade for aggregate TFP have been less frequently studied. Combining the
theoretical trade models and the so-called proxy-variable approach, this paper provides a new method for
estimating trade elasticities based on a production model where trade elasticities and technological parameters
are estimated simultaneously. Our proposed model is used to analyse the main determinants of the degrees of
openness (embeddedness) of countries and sectors. Using data from the World Input-Output Database, we find
that the pecuniary productivity gains attributable to embeddedness tend, on average, to offset its effect on
sectors’ underlying productivity. We also use the model to measure the different factors affecting productivity
changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic. We find that the trade-related consequences are important in explaining
the contraction in countries’ productions.Spanish research project "Intersectoral and regional effects of institutional responses to the COVID-19 epidemic" [PID2020-113076 GB-I00
Tourism and income distribution:Evidence from a developed regional economy
No full textThe ways in which tourism consumption affects income distribution involves three channels: changes in prices, earnings of households and government revenues. In this paper, we focus our analysis on the latter two channels through a social accounting matrix (SAM) model of Galicia for the year 2008. This SAM, which is elaborated with a special design for the evaluation of tourism policies, incorporates data for a wide variety of households (eight different types disaggregated by level of income), two governments (regional and central), four types of taxes, four wage earners (classified by education skill) and 29 sectors, among other figures. Furthermore, with the purpose of going deeper into the distributive effects, the traditional multiplicative and additive SAM multiplier decompositions are presented. Results show that the positive effects on all income groups are significant. However, high-income households benefit more than low income ones, contributing to a slight increase in income inequality within the region
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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