9 research outputs found
Flores venenosas : un acercamiento etnográfico a los significados de la sangre femenina a partir de tres generaciones de mujeres en Ráquira Boyacá
No full textEsta propuesta, enmarcada en la Antropología del cuerpo, analiza la menstruación como fenómeno fisiológico y cultural a la vez. La autora, desde una perspectiva etnográfica se aproxima al abordaje de la corporeidad y la sangre femenina, en una vereda de Ráquira -Boyacá, donde desarrolla su trabajo con mujeres reconocidas como artesanas del barro, en diferentes grupos etarios, que abarcan desde los 12 años hasta los 80 años. Los soportes teóricos provienen de la antropología estructural (Lévi-Strauss) (Françoise Héritier), la antropología simbólica de las religiones (Mircea Eliade) y la Teoría Cultural del Riesgo (Mary Douglas) lo cual nos permiten entender los conceptos fundamentales ligados al flujo menstrual: tabú, contaminación y diferenciación sexual, respectivamente. El arte, fue un vector fundamental para lograr la comunicación necesaria en el tratamiento de este tema oculto y reservado en ámbitos estrictamente confidenciales. La autora propuso talleres de dibujo y diferentes actividades manuales, que en un proceso gradual le permitieron obtener importante información sobre el tema y la construcción misma de lo femenino en las diferentes generaciones.This proposal, framed in the Anthropology of the body, analyzes the menstruation as a physiological and cultural phenomenon at the same time. The author, from an ethnographic perspective, approaches of the feminine corporeity and blood, in a path of Ráquira - Boyacá, where she develops her work with women recognized as clay craftsmen, in different age groups, ranging from 12 years Until the 80 years. The theoretical supports come from structural anthropology (Lévi-Strauss), the symbolic anthropology of religions (Mircea Eliade) and the Cultural Theory of Risk (Mary Douglas) which allow us to understand the fundamental concepts linked to the menstrual flow : Taboo, contamination and sexual differentiation, respectively. Art was a fundamental vector to achieve the necessary communication in the treatment of this hidden and reserved subject in strictly confidential fields. The author proposed drawing workshops and different manual activities, which in a gradual process allowed her to obtain important information about the theme and the construction of the feminine in different generations.Antropólogo (a)Pregrad
Predictive stability, novel HPLC-MS analysis and semi-automatic compounding process for the emergency implementation of a production line of pancuronium in injectable solution.
No full textInternational audienc
Performance Evaluation of Passive Haptic Feedback for Tactile HMI Design in CAVEs
No full textInternational audienceis an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in: https://sam.ensam.eu Handle ID Abstract-This article presents a comparison of different haptic systems, which are designed to simulate flat Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs) like touchscreens in virtual environments (VEs) such as CAVEs, and their respective performance. We compare a tangible passive transparent slate to a classic tablet and a sensory substitution system. These systems were tested during a controlled experiment. The performance and impressions from 20 subjects were collected to understand more about the modalities in the given context. The results show that the preferences of the subjects are strongly related to the use-cases and needs. In terms of performance, passive haptics proved to be significantly useful, acting as a space reference and a real-time continuous calibration system, allowing subjects to have lower execution durations and relative errors. Sensory substitution induced perception drifts during the experiment, causing significant performance disparities, demonstrating the low robustness of perception when spatial cues are insufficiently available. Our findings offer a better understanding on the nature of perception drifts and the need of strong multisensory spatial markers for such use-cases in CAVEs. The importance of a relevant haptic modality specifically designed to match a precise use-case is also emphasized.This article presents a comparison of different haptic systems, which are designed to simulate flat Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs) like touchscreens in virtual environments (VEs) such as CAVEs, and their respective performance. We compare a tangible passive transparent slate to a classic tablet and a sensory substitution system. These systems were tested during a controlled experiment. The performance and impressions from 20 subjects were collected to understand more about the modalities in the given context. The results show that the preferences of the subjects are strongly related to the use-cases and needs. In terms of performance, passive haptics proved to be significantly useful, acting as a space reference and a real-time continuous calibration system, allowing subjects to have lower execution durations and relative errors. Sensory substitution induced perception drifts during the experiment, causing significant performance disparities, demonstrating the low robustness of perception when spatial cues are insufficiently available. Our findings offer a better understanding on the nature of perception drifts and the need of strong multisensory spatial markers for such use-cases in CAVEs. The importance of a relevant haptic modality specifically designed to match a precise use-case is also emphasized
Design in context of use : An experiment with a multi-view and multi-representation system for collaborative design
No full textInternational audienceis an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in: https://sam.ensam.eu Handle ID A B S T R A C T The current trend of product design leads to a change in the collaborative working style. To find the most efficient way to exchange information on the digital mock-up of a product, a synchronous co-located collaborative design environment with recent technologies is in needed. A new groupware of multi-view system allows multiple users to have individual visual information of a domain-specific representation of digital mock-up. In this paper, we propose a case study for the development and testing of a co-located multi-view system in collaborative virtual reality, aiming at enhancing the multidisciplinary early collaborative design. An ergonomic method of Personas is introduced to the evaluation of the tool, considering various user performance. With a multidisciplinary mug design scenario, experiments are presented, validating the benefits of the proposed system.The current trend of product design leads to a change in the collaborative working style. To find the most efficient way to exchange information on the digital mock-up of a product, a synchronous co-located collaborative design environment with recent technologies is in needed. A new groupware of multi-view system allows multiple users to have individual visual information of a domain-specific representation of digital mock-up. In this paper, we propose a case study for the development and testing of a co-located multi-view system in collaborative virtual reality, aiming at enhancing the multidisciplinary early collaborative design. An ergonomic method of Personas is introduced to the evaluation of the tool, considering various user performance. With a multidisciplinary mug design scenario, experiments are presented, validating the benefits of the proposed system
ANALYSIS OF THE EMISSION SPECTRUM OF : MOLECULAR CONSTANTS FOR THE LOW-LYING VIBRATIONAL LEVELS OF THE GROUND STATE
No full textAuthor Institution:The high resolution emission spectrum of has been photographed in the region 4200-8900 {\AA}. Rotational, analysis, assisted by laser fluorescence studies, has been carried out. About 8000 lines have been assigned. For the 000 and 010 vibrational levels of the ground state, rotational levels up to and have been observed, respectively. For the 020, 030 and 100 levels, rotational levels up to have been determined. Some perturbations have been found in the rotational levels of 100 on the basis of laser fluorescence studies; these perturbations are interpreted in terms of a Coriolis interaction with the 001 rotational levels. Effective molecular constants are proposed for the 000, 010, 020, 030 and 100 levels of the ground state
Real car versus driving simulator comparison of head dynamics in emergency braking events
No full textInternational audienceis an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in: https://sam.ensam.eu Handle ID Abstract-This paper presents a pilot study which aims at comparing the results of dynamic ranges of motion made in real conditions versus virtual conditions. Whiplash remains a big socioeconomic issue and the need to implement virtual reality to better understand the head stabilization strategies is here spelled out. To do so, we proposed two experiments in which subjects are seated on the front passenger seat and are subject to a given deceleration. The vehicle accelerates to a given speed, maintain its speed for a short time then proceed to the braking event which is either a custom one or the natively equipped emergency automated braking system. Range of motion and acceleration of the head are recorded. The final goal of the study is to replicate the experiment on a hexapod driving simulator. We expect the results of this replication to legitimate the comparison between results from real tests and results obtained using driving simulators. Doing such tests should reduce their human and technical costs and give a better knowledge of the participant cognition by the perfect control of the visual environment.This paper presents a pilot study which aims at comparing the results of dynamic ranges of motion made in real conditions versus virtual conditions. Whiplash remains a big socio-economic issue and the need to implement virtual reality to better understand the head stabilization strategies is here spelled out. To do so, we proposed two experiments in which subjects are seated on the front passenger seat and are subject to a given deceleration. The vehicle accelerates to a given speed, maintain its speed for a short time then proceed to the braking event which is either a custom one or the natively equipped emergency automated braking system. Range of motion and acceleration of the head are recorded. The final goal of the study is to replicate the experiment on a hexapod driving simulator. We expect the results of this replication to legitimate the comparison between results from real tests and results obtained using driving simulators. Doing such tests should reduce their human and technical costs and give a better knowledge of the participant cognition by the perfect control of the visual environment
Impaired brain energy metabolism in the BACHD mouse model of Huntington's disease: critical role of astrocyte-neuron interactions
No full textInternational audienceHuntington's disease (HD) is caused by cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat expansions in the huntingtin (Htt) gene. Although early energy metabolic alterations in HD are likely to contribute to later neurodegenerative processes, the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for these metabolic alterations are not well characterized. Using the BACHD mice that express the full-length mutant huntingtin (mHtt) protein with 97 glutamine repeats, we first demonstrated localized in vivo changes in brain glucose use reminiscent of what is observed in premanifest HD carriers. Using biochemical, molecular, and functional analyses on different primary cell culture models from BACHD mice, we observed that mHtt does not directly affect metabolic activity in a cell autonomous manner. However, coculture of neurons with astrocytes from wild-type or BACHD mice identified mutant astrocytes as a source of adverse non-cell autonomous effects on neuron energy metabolism possibly by increasing oxidative stress. These results suggest that astrocyte-to-neuron signaling is involved in early energy metabolic alterations in HD
OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE WATER ABSORPTION SPECTRUM FROM NEAR IR TO NEAR UV REGION
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London; Dept. of Chemistry, University of Waterloo; Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Service de Chimie Physique Moleculaire; Spectrometrie Moleculaire et Atmospherique, UFR Sciences, Moulin de la Housse; Institut d'Aernomie Spatiale de Belgique, 3 av. CirculaireIn the region extending from near IR to UV, the spectral composition of the solar radiation that reaches the surface of the Earth is mainly determined by the absorption of water vapor. It is important, therefore, to know the line positions of water in this region for modelling purposes. A large fraction of the lines (up to one third) observed previously in this region has remained unassigned for more than a decade. Recently we have assigned virtually all of the unassigned lines in the region up to . We report here the observation of the water vapor lines in the region between and . Using the 50 m baselength multiple reflection cell of the Universite de Reims optically coupled to the BRUKER IFS120M Fourier transform spectrometer of the Universite Libre de Bruxelles, the absorption spectrum has been recorded at high resolution at room temperature. Absorption path was 600m and water pressure variing from 1.1 to 15 torr. In average about twice as many lines as reported earlier were recorded. We present here the results of the analysis of these lines. Thousands of newly assigned lines belonging to the known bands as well as lines from newly observed vibrational states are presented. Altogether the energy levels of more than 15 new vibrational states of water were derived
Embryonic stem cells: modelling effects ofearly embryo environment
No full textThe Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis proposes that embryonic environment can induce permanent changes in metabolism during development, increasing the risk of disease in adults. Adverse environments during critical stages of gestation are sufficient to induce adaptations in offspring and disease susceptibility in later life. Rodent models show that maternal diet exclusively during preimplantation development induces cardiovascular and metabolic disease in adult offspring. Changes must therefore occur within the distinct cell populations of the early embryo and be maintained throughout development. Determining adaptive mechanisms has been challenging due to the small size of the early embryo, and genetic variability in outbred strains previously used. We generated mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells from inbred C57BL/6 mice as a model to overcome these problems. These were used to characterise mechanisms associated with the embryo’s adaptive responses to maternal diet. ES cell lines were derived from blastocysts of C57BL/6 mice assigned to either an isocaloric low protein diet (LPD), or a control diet exclusively through preimplantation development. ES cell lines were characterised for karyotype, sex, gene expression, and functional characteristics including proliferation, death, and metabolism at standardised passages. LPD had no impact on blastocyst formation in vivo or blastocyst cell lineage allocation. Experimental conditions did affect blastocyst outgrowth development in vitro. LPDoutgrowths cultured with less feeder fibroblasts showed slower development than controls. Although LPD blastocyst outgrowth was comparable to controls under high feeder growth conditions, there was a significant reduction in the capacity for ES cell derivation. There was a prominent sex bias towards male ES cell lines. These ES cells retained similar levels of gene expression related to pluripotency, housekeeping and developmental functions irrespective of diet. LPD did not affect growth or metabolism. These cells however showed increased basal apoptosis, and reduced levels of phosphorylated Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). The reduced ES cell isolation efficiency may indicate a reduced number of pluripotent cells present within the early embryo or increased sensitivity of these cells in response to maternal LPD. Increased apoptosis in ES cells derived from LPD-blastocysts reveal that these cells are indeed more sensitive. Reduced activated ERK may suggest that dysregulated ERK-mediated survival signalling causes enhanced apoptosis. Such adaptations in the early embryo may impact on lineage allocation as differentiation occurs. These ES cell lines may provide a model to investigate such mechanistic adaptations in post-implantation tissues providing further insight into foetal responses to poor nutrition and the induction of adult onset disease
