547 research outputs found
Living longer, but with more care needs: late-life dependency and the social care crisis
No full textSolving the crisis in social care provision for older people is not just a matter of building more care homes, argues Carol Jagger. She explains the various ways in which dependency has changed compared to 20 years ago, and suggests some of the solutions the government should consider
Gender differences in healthy life years within the EU: an exploration of the "health-survival" paradox.
No full textvan Oyen H, Nuselder W, Jagger C, Kolip P, Cambois E, Robine JM. Gender differences in healthy life years within the EU: an exploration of the "health-survival" paradox. International Journal of Public Health. 2013;58(1):143-155
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JAGGER localization and function are dependent on GPI anchor addition
No full textKey message: GPI anchor addition is important for JAGGER localization and in vivo function. Loss of correct GPI anchor addition in JAGGER, negatively affects its localization and function. Abstract: In flowering plants, successful double fertilization requires the correct delivery of two sperm cells to the female gametophyte inside the ovule. The delivery of a single pair of sperm cells is achieved by the entrance of a single pollen tube into one female gametophyte. To prevent polyspermy, Arabidopsis ovules avoid the attraction of multiple pollen tubes to one ovule–polytubey block. In Arabidopsis jagger mutants, a significant number of ovules attract more than one pollen tube to an ovule due to an impairment in synergid degeneration. JAGGER encodes a putative arabinogalactan protein which is predicted to be anchored to the plasma membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. Here, we show that JAGGER fused to citrine yellow fluorescent protein (JAGGER-cYFP) is functional and localizes mostly to the periphery of ovule integuments and transmitting tract cells. We further investigated the importance of GPI-anchor addition domains for JAGGER localization and function. Different JAGGER proteins with deletions in predicted ω-site regions and GPI attachment signal domain, expected to compromise the addition of the GPI anchor, led to disruption of JAGGER localization in the cell periphery. All JAGGER proteins with disrupted localization were also not able to rescue the polytubey phenotype, pointing to the importance of GPI-anchor addition to in vivo function of the JAGGER protein. © 2024, The Author(s).Open access articleThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
supplementary_materials – Supplemental material for Religiosity Dimensions and Disability-Free Life Expectancy in Taiwan
No full textSupplemental material, supplementary_materials for Religiosity Dimensions and Disability-Free Life Expectancy in Taiwan by Zachary Zimmer, Chi-Tsun Chiu, Yasuhiko Saito, Carol Jagger, Mary-Beth Ofsteda and Yu-Hsuan Lin in Journal of Aging and Health</p
Prevalence and incidence of sarcopenia in the very old: findings from the Newcastle 85+ study
No full textINTRODUCTION:
Recognition that an older person has sarcopenia is important because this condition is linked to a range of adverse outcomes. Sarcopenia becomes increasingly common with age, and yet there are few data concerning its descriptive epidemiology in the very old (aged 85 years and above). Our aims were to describe risk factors for sarcopenia and estimate its prevalence and incidence in a British sample of the very old.
METHODS:
We used data from two waves (2006/07 and 2009/10) of the Newcastle 85+ Study, a cohort born in 1921 and registered with a Newcastle/North Tyneside general practice. We assessed sarcopenia status using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) definition. Grip strength was measured using a Takei digital dynamometer (Takei Scientific Instruments Ltd., Niigata, Japan), gait speed was calculated from the Timed Up and Go test, and lean mass was estimated using a Tanita-305 body fat analyzer. We used logistic regression to examine associations between risk factors for prevalent sarcopenia at baseline and incident sarcopenia at follow-up.
RESULTS:
European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People sarcopenia was present in 21% of participants at baseline [149/719 participants, mean age 85.5 (0.4) years]. Many participants had either slow gait speed or weak grip strength (74.3%), and hence measurement of muscle mass was frequently indicated by the EWGSOP definition. Incidence data were available for 302 participants, and the incident rate was 3.7 cases per 100 person years at risk. Low Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination, lower occupational social class, and shorter duration of education were associated with sarcopenia at baseline, while low muscle mass was associated with incident sarcopenia. Low body mass index (BMI) was a risk factor for both in a graded fashion, with each unit decrease associated with increased odds of prevalent [odds ratio (OR) 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21, 1.37] and incident (OR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.33) sarcopenia.
CONCLUSIONS:
To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe prevalence and incidence of EWGSOP sarcopenia in the very old. Low BMI was a risk factor for both current and future sarcopenia; indeed, there was some evidence that low BMI may be a reasonable proxy for low lean mass. Overall, the high prevalence of sarcopenia among the very old suggests that this group should be a focus for future research.
© 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders
Trends in Health Expectancies
No full textThis chapter reviews the emergence of the major theories on change over time in population health status, i.e., compression and expansion of morbidity as well as dynamic equilibrium between morbidity and longevity, proposed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and it provides an analysis of health expectancy trends observed since then around the world. The first section focuses on the transition from the conceptual definitions of different scenarios of health status changes over time to the operational definitions measurable in populations on the basis of available mortality data and health data collected through population surveys. The second section describes the different health expectancy trends observed, concentrating mainly on North America, Europe, and Asia, before drawing five general conclusions from these studies
Initial level and rate of change in grip strength predict all-cause mortality in very old adults
No full textObjectiveto investigate the associations between initial level and rate of change in grip strength (GS) and all-cause mortality in very old adults (≥85 years) over a 9.6-year follow-up.Methodsprospective mortality data from 845 participants in the Newcastle 85+ Study were analysed for survival in relation to GS (kg, baseline and 5-year mean change) using Cox proportional hazards models.Resultsduring the follow-up, 636 (75.3%) participants died. Higher baseline GS was associated with a decreased risk of mortality in all participants [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93–0.98, P < 0.001], men (HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–0.99, P = 0.009) and women (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94–0.99, P = 0.007) after adjustment for health, lifestyle and anthropometric factors. Overall GS slope had a downward trajectory and was determined in 602 participants: 451 experienced constant decline (negative slope) and 151 had increasing GS (positive slope) over time. Men and women with a negative slope had a 16 and 33% increased risk of mortality, respectively, with every kg/year decline in GS (P ≤ 0.005), and participants with a positive slope had a 31% decreased risk of mortality (P = 0.03) irrespective of baseline GS and key covariates.Conclusionhigher baseline GS and 5-year increase in GS were protective of mortality, whilst GS decline was associated with an increased risk of mortality in the very old over 9.6 years, especially in women. These results add to the biological and clinical importance of GS as a powerful predictor of long-term survival in late life.</p
Conclusions and future directions
No full textThis collection of research on health expectancy from the REVES network refreshes the knowledge gained since the first REVES book, Determining Health Expectancies, published in 2003. As well as presenting substantive findings on trends and inequalities in health expectancies from around the world, it includes chapters that also document the newer methodology that has developed, as well as the enormous increase in the use of health expectancies in public policy. Notable among the latter is Healthy Life Years (HLY), the first pan-European health indicator, instituted in 2004 based on questions developed by the Euro-REVES network, and, since that time, supported analytically by REVES members. That a number of other countries, including Japan (see Chap. 14), Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan (Hsaio et al. 2019), Vietnam, and India (Kerala), have also used the GALI question that underlies HLY, is testament to the pursuit of global harmonisation of measures, one of the main pillars of REVES
Nutrition in the very old
No full textThe population of older adults aged 85 years and over (the very old) is growing rapidly in many societies because of increases in life expectancy and reduced mortality at older ages. In 2016, 27.3 million very old adults were living in the European Union, and in the UK, 2.4% of the population (1.6 million) were aged 85 and over. Very old age is associated with increased risks of malnutrition, multimorbidity, and disability. Diet (nutrition) is a modifiable risk factor for multiple age-related conditions, including sarcopenia and functional decline. Dietary characteristics and nutrient intakes of the very old have been investigated in several European studies of ageing to better understand their nutritional requirements, which may differ from those in the young-old. However, there is a major gap in regard to evidence for the role of dietary patterns, protein, vitamin D and other nutrients for the maintenance of physical and cognitive functioning in later life. The Newcastle 85+ Study, UK and the Life and Living in Advanced Age, New Zealand are unique studies involving single birth cohorts which aim to assess health trajectories in very old adults and their biological, social and environmental influences, including nutrition. In this review, we have updated the latest findings in nutritional epidemiology with results from these studies, concentrating on the diet–physical functioning relationship.</p
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