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Il gesaku dal punto di vista della lettura
No full text戯作と読書パッローネ・クリスティアン江戸時代の娯楽文学を代表する戯作は徳川文芸の中で大きな役割を果たしていた。出版文化の繁栄にしたがい、
読者層を拡大させながら、独特な読書法を発達させた戯作は、本と読者との間の限られた時間内での即興的な関係の中で、江戸の人々に享受されていたと言える。読書法としては、一般読者はそのテキストを転写して広めたり、註を書き入れたりすることなく、受身で享受していた。むしろ、テキストの作者が読者に求めていたのは、その叙述を音読し、演じることであった。作者等の言葉とその叙述技法からも、こうした読書の仕方が行われていたことが窺われる。これを踏まえ、戯作の文体に演劇表現、談義・講釈・舌耕・落咄・声色や浮世物真似、茶番のもたらした影響も見直す余地があろうと思われる。Gesaku, or popular fiction of the Edo period, constitutes a representative part of Tokugawa culture. Driven by the flourishing print culture, popular fiction gained an increasing number of readers and promoted its own set of reading practices: an extemporaneous or fixed–term relationship between books and readers, who are not involved in the process of spreading texts through copying nor implementing them through marginal notes. Rather, this relaxed and oral reading urges the reader to participate in the performance of the text, so as to realize its significance. Diegetic strategies chosen by authors are not only stylistically indebted to theatrical and recitative expression, but they also share the same narrative modes inasmuch as the reader himself is intended to be the performer of the text
War and Atomic Memory in Kachikujin Yapoo (1956) by Shōzō Numa Masochism as the Re-enactment of Trauma
Full text linkShortly after the Second World War and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, author Numa Shōzō serialised the novel Kachikujin Yapoo (Yapoo the Human Cattle, 1956) in the magazine «Kitan Club» (Club of Bizarre Tales). Through a sci-fi setting and radical masochistic imagery, Numa stages an ultra-racist dystopia dominated by Aryan women in which Japanese survivors of a Third World War are degraded to subhuman creatures and genetically manipulated. The novel articulates with a Swiftian plot a dialogue with the oldest sources of Japanese myths to deconstruct the sacredness on which the Japanese imperialist dream was founded. This paper aims to analyse these themes to identify the relationship between the re-enactment of trauma and Numa's masochistic and sci-fi literary imagery.Shortly after the Second World War and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, author Numa Shōzō serialised the novel Kachikujin Yapoo (Yapoo the Human Cattle, 1956) in the magazine «Kitan Club» (Club of Bizarre Tales). Through a sci-fi setting and radical masochistic imagery, Numa stages an ultra-racist dystopia dominated by Aryan women in which Japanese survivors of a Third World War are degraded to subhuman creatures and genetically manipulated. The novel articulates with a Swiftian plot a dialogue with the oldest sources of Japanese myths to deconstruct the sacredness on which the Japanese imperialist dream was founded. This paper aims to analyse these themes to identify the relationship between the re-enactment of trauma and Numa's masochistic and sci-fi literary imagery
Biomachines, metal bodies and masochistic masculinity in post-war Japan
No full textAdvances in technoscience and biotechnology have blurred the boundaries between body and matter, emphasising the urgency of rethinking the intertwining of anthropocentrism, Eurocentrism and androcentrism. This repositing also involves the relationship between the subject and technological otherness. For example, in the representation of cyborgs, Donna Haraway identifies the metaphor of overcoming biological determinism. Simultaneously, in cinematic and literary imagery, cybernetic bodies end up representing contemporary society’s changes, fears and desires, exploring new paradigms of subjectivity.
This paper focuses on cyborg identities in Japanese imagery through the novels Kachikujin Yapoo (Yapoo the Human Cattle, 1956) by Shōzō Numa, Nippon Apacchi Zoku (The Japanese Apache Tribe, 1964) by Komatsu Sakyō and the film Tetsuo (Iron Man, 1989) by director Tsukamoto Shin'ya. Each of these works presents the search for transhuman and post-human subjectivities in Japanese science fiction imagery from the post-war to the postmodern period and share a masochistic representation of male bodies deeply interwoven with the question of identity. Starting from Tatsumi Takayuki’s theorization of «creative masochism» and referring to the Deleuzian view on masochism, the aim of this paper is to investigate the connections between male masochism and Japanese cyborg imagery of the post-war period
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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