169,818 research outputs found
CAPE and CAPPE inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells independently of NF-κB signaling pathway.
No full text<p>(A–B) Human CRC cells were treated with either CAPE or CAPPE (at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 µM) in 10% FBS RPMI-1640 for 2 h. Nuclear proteins were prepared for Western blotting analysis using monoclonal antibodies against NF-κB (p65) and lamin A as described under <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099631#s2" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. The levels of detection represent the amounts of each protein in the nuclei of HCT-116 cells (A) or SW-480 cells (B). The results (mean ± SD) represent the folds change of control group. The mean integrated densities of these proteins adjusted with the control protein are shown in bottom row. The standard deviation (SD) of each measured protein was indicated in the parenthesis. Human CRC HCT-116 cells (C) or SW-480 cells (D) were transfected with NF-κB-RE plasmid and then treated with either CAPE or CAPPE (at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 µM) in 10% FBS RPMI-1640 for 24 h. The relative light units (R.L.U) were measured by the manufacturer's instruction as described under <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099631#s2" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. A single or double asterisk indicates a significant difference compared to the CAPE- or CAPPE-untreated control group, respectively (<i>P</i><0.05). Human CRC HCT-116 cells (E) or SW-480 cells (F) were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium with CAPE and CAPPE (at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 µM) in the presence or absence of TNF-α (1 ng/mL) for 24 h. The cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099631#s2" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. Data are the mean ± SD (standard deviation) of three independent experiments. The different symbols (??? for CAPE and ▵ for CAPPE) represent a statistically significant difference compared to the CA derivative -untreated control group in each group, respectively, at P<0.05. The different symbols (▴ for CAPE_TNF-α and ▪ for CAPPE_TNF-α) represent a statistically significant difference compared to each corresponding CA derivative- treated control group in each dosage subgroup, respectively, at P<0.05.</p
Consumption of CAPE or CAPPE suppressed the growth of colorectal tumor in a mouse xenograft model.
No full text<p>Xenograft nude mice (n = 6 for each group) were divided into three groups (the tumor group, tumor with CAPE, tumor with CAPPE) and given CAPE or CAPPE (at a dosage of 50 nmol/kg of body weight (BW)/day) for 6 weeks. Data (mean ± SD) represent the change in the tumor volume (A) or tumor weight (B) among the tumor group (i.e. the control group), tumor with CAPE and tumor with CAPPE. The different letters at the same time point represent a statistically significant difference, (<i>P</i><0.05). Tumor tissues were formalin-fixed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining (C) as described under <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099631#s2" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. Blue spots represent the nuclei stained with hematoxylin. The red spots represent cytoplasm stained with eosin. For immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, tumor tissues (at week 6) were frozen, sectioned and subjected to either anti- PCNA (D) or anti-FASN (E) antibodies. The intense dark brown color indicates the distribution of the PCNA or FASN proteins in HCT-116 cells stained with a monoclonal antibody. The blue area represents the localization of the cell nuclei. Imaging was documented at 200× magnification. (F) The plasma levels of MMP-9 were determined using an ELISA Kit (R&D systems). Upon completion of the ELISA process, fluorescence intensities were read using a wavelength of 450/570 nm. The results presented are representative of six different experiments and are presented as plasma MMP-9 levels. The different letters represent a significant difference in a comparison of normal mice, tumor control mice, CAPE-treat mice and CAPPE-treated mice, P<0.05.</p
CAPE and CAPPE each induced G<sub>0</sub>/G<sub>1</sub> cell cycle arrest in CRC cells.
No full text<p>Human CRC cells were synchronized in RPMI-1640 medium with 0.05% FBS in tissue culture dishes overnight. To measure the distribution of the cell cycle, cell were cultured in the presence or absence of CAPE and CAPPE (0, 10, 50 and 100 µM) cultured in 10% FBS RPMI-1640 medium for another 24 h. (A) The measurement of the cell population at different cell cycle phases was performed using flow cytometry analysis, as described under <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099631#s2" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. The data indicate the (B) HCT-116 cell (C) SW-480 cell population percentage at different cell phases under the treatment of CAPE or CAPPE in human CRC cells. Human CRC (D) HCT-116 cells (E) SW-480 cells were treated with either CAPE or CAPPE (at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 µM) in 10% FBS RPMI-1640 for 24 h. Nuclear proteins were prepared for Western blotting analysis using monoclonal antibodies against cyclin D1, Cdk4, PCNA, and lamin A antibodies, as described under <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0099631#s2" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. The levels of detection represent the amounts of cyclin D1, Cdk4 and PCNA in the nuclei of human CRC cells. The results (mean ± SD) represent the folds change of control group and are representative of three different experiments. The immunoreactive bands are noted with an arrow. The mean integrated densities of these proteins adjusted with the internal control lamin A protein are shown in bottom row. The standard deviation (SD) of each measured protein was indicated in the parenthesis. A single asterisk indicates a significant difference compared to the CAPE- or CAPPE-untreated control group, respectively (<i>P</i><0.05).</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Impact of malnutrition on the performance of the APACHE II severity-of-illness scoring system in acute renal failure
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Visual backward masking deficits are specific to female observers scoring high on cognitive disorganisation
No full textVisual backward masking (VBM) deficits are a potential endophenotype of schizophrenia. VBM deficits were found in schizophrenic patients, in their unaffected relatives, and in healthy students scoring high in "cognitive disorganisation" (CD; Cappe et al., 2012). In the latter study we found post-hoc that females seemed to be stronger affected than males. This hypothesis was tested here in a fresh sample of 29 male and 27 female students varying in their self-reported schizotypy scores. In addition, we tested performance in Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST). As expected, we found significant VBM deficits in female students scoring high in CD but not in the males. We found no significant WCST deficits in individuals scoring high in CD. Our results add further evidence that VBM is a potential endophenotype of schizophrenia. Future research will investigate whether sex differences in VBM are related to hormonal differences or a sex-specific bias in the self-reports.LPS
The Contributions of Sensory Dominance and Attentional Bias to Cross-modal Enhancement of Visual Cortex Excitability
No full textAbstract
Approaching or looming sounds (L-sounds) have been shown to selectively increase visual cortex excitability [Romei, V., Murray, M. M., Cappe, C., & Thut, G. Preperceptual and stimulus-selective enhancement of low-level human visual cortex excitability by sounds. Current Biology, 19, 1799–1805, 2009]. These cross-modal effects start at an early, preperceptual stage of sound processing and persist with increasing sound duration. Here, we identified individual factors contributing to cross-modal effects on visual cortex excitability and studied the persistence of effects after sound offset. To this end, we probed the impact of different L-sound velocities on phosphene perception postsound as a function of individual auditory versus visual preference/dominance using single-pulse TMS over the occipital pole. We found that the boosting of phosphene perception by L-sounds continued for several tens of milliseconds after the end of the L-sound and was temporally sensitive to different L-sound profiles (velocities). In addition, we found that this depended on an individual's preferred sensory modality (auditory vs. visual) as determined through a divided attention task (attentional preference), but not on their simple threshold detection level per sensory modality. Whereas individuals with “visual preference” showed enhanced phosphene perception irrespective of L-sound velocity, those with “auditory preference” showed differential peaks in phosphene perception whose delays after sound-offset followed the different L-sound velocity profiles. These novel findings suggest that looming signals modulate visual cortex excitability beyond sound duration possibly to support prompt identification and reaction to potentially dangerous approaching objects. The observed interindividual differences favor the idea that unlike early effects this late L-sound impact on visual cortex excitability is influenced by cross-modal attentional mechanisms rather than low-level sensory processes.</jats:p
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
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