1,720,958 research outputs found
Gender representation in law: a study of women participation in legal professions in Albania
Get PDFThe historical underrepresentation of female in the legal professions has created a male dominated justice system whereas the role of female has been shrunk to administrative duties. With the higher level of democratization of societies, the role of female in legal system is visible and important, especially related to judicial realm. In Albania since the democratic regime was established in early 90’s the role of female in the legal system started to become more prominent and have become a rudder in delivering justice. This paper argues that gender bias in legal domain in Albania has been reduced in the last three decades and especially since 2000s the significant increase of women judicial appointment became a norm based on meritocracy. Providing anormative analysis on the legislation in Albania regarding the appointments and career development criteria and aninvestigationof thejustice system, Judicial Reform, National Reports for the delivery of justice, this paper suggests thatjudicial appointments and participation in other legal professions in Albania reflect a gender-based balance; yetcertain structures indicate domination by either male or female gender. It is in the findings of this study, that despite the patterns above, the participation of womenin the legal system in Albania has been improved especially since 2000
Regulatory framework of digital evidence in criminal proceedings - case study : Albania : [abstract]
Get PDFDemocratic transition : a comparison of Kenya and Uganda
No full textSince 1820 democratization has occured in waves followed by reverse ones
Standardy prawne dla transgranicznego dostępu do dowodów elektronicznych w postępowaniu karnym. Albańska perspektywa standardów międzynarodowych
Get PDFWith the development of Information and Communication Technology and digitalization usage expanding significantly in the society, the production and transmitting of data is evermore based on the means of cloud computing. Consequently, the relevance of electronic evidence in criminal proceedings has augmented, encompassing both cybercrimes and traditional offences. Considering the borderless nature of data exchange, supranational regulations and cooperation, the gathering of e-evidence presents a challenging process for criminal proceedings, particularly when it comes to human rights’ implication. Examining the Council of Europe and European Union frameworks on the handling of electronic evidence, the study assesses in particular the procedures and legal issues concerning cross-border electronic data exchange within different jurisdictions in the realm of criminal procedure. The main focus is on the Albanian experience, conducting a comparative analysis on the country’s compliance with electronic evidence rules, whilst addressing data protection safeguards in criminal procedure.Wraz z rozwojem techniki teleinformatycznej oraz większej komputeryzacji w społeczeństwie wytwarzanie i przesyłanie danych coraz bardziej opiera się na przetwarzaniu w chmurze. Co za tym idzie znaczenie dowodów elektronicznych w postępowaniu karnym wzrasta, obejmując zarówno cyberprzestępczość, jak i przestępstwa tradycyjne. Zważywszy na ponadgraniczny charakter wymiany danych, ponadnarodowe regulacje i współpracę, zbieranie e-dowodów stanowi proces będący wyzwaniem dla postępowania karnego, zwłaszcza gdy wiąże się z konsekwencjami dla praw człowieka. Badając uregulowania prawne Rady Europy oraz Unii Europejskiej dotyczące postępowania z dowodami elektronicznymi, w artykule w szczególności oceniono procedury i zagadnienia prawne dotyczące wymiany danych elektronicznych w ramach różnych jurysdykcji w zakresie postępowania karnego. Skoncentrowano się głównie na doświadczeniach albańskich, obejmując analizą porównawczą przestrzeganie przez Albanię zasad w zakresie dowodów elektronicznych przy zapewnianiu zabezpieczeń w ramach ochrony danych w postępowaniu karnym
Energy security and sustainable development in Albania: the role of law in the renewable transition
Get PDFThe worldwide transition policies toward sustainable energy systems are of peculiar importance not only in the scope of environmental governance but also in terms of energy security. As a catalyst for economic development, secure and affordable energy access can hinge on public infrastructure. The ever-increasing demand for energy creates pressure on national systems, as the intersection of development priorities and environmental responsibility brings both avenues for opportunities and structural challenges. While recognizing Albania's potential, this study will focus on the role of renewable energy production in building up its energy security and how it supports the country's sustainable development projects. The fast expansion of tourism in Albania has brought with it increased demand for both energy and agricultural products, putting national infrastructure under serious strain, to meet the challenge. Because of the serious implications, this study will particularly analyze the institutional and legal framework of the renewable energy projects and their impact on agricultural land. Employing a multi-disciplinary approach, the study will be based on normative legal assessment and policy analysis. It will assess the Albanian legal framework governing energy security and renewable energy, and will investigate the regulatory framework's compliance with the EU acquis and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In addition, it will examine the impact of the EU’s Green Agenda for the Western Balkans on Albania’s harmonization of its national policies with EU environmental standards. Also, a part of the study will be dedicated to the impact of the European Green Deal on candidate countries, like Albania. Additionally, the study will analyze how environmental considerations are enshrined in the current energy governance policies in Albania. The study's preliminary findings show that if sufficiently supported through good governance and careful legal considerations, renewable energy can support sustainable development and energy independence
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Economic development – A prerequisite for democratization Case of Kenya and Uganda
Get PDFPolitical changes transforming a authoritarian regime into a democratic one is conditional on the ground of factors inciting the process. Economic development of a country is a prerequisite condition to shape democratic changes in a country - modern democracies have come into existence in economically developed countries. For a non-democratic country to become democratized the structure responsible for the shift of regimes is capitalism - responsible for the distribution of the produced wealth and creates middle class so needed for seeking accountability of governance. Wealthier countries have a predisposition to be “more democratic” which allows the average citizen to have access to resources, unlike “less democratic” regimes where access to resources is limited , not merit based and questionable
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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