19 research outputs found
Stage at Diagnosis of Stomach Cancer Amongst Selected East African Countries: A Mini Systematic Review
No full textBackground: Stomach cancer is one of the leading cause of death globally due to its ability to hide clinical manifestations at early stage. This review was mainly aimed to assess the stage at diagnosis of the stomach malignancy among the selected East African countries.Methods: In this review, we retrieved 61 resources composed of 57 papers and 4 reports that were published between the year of 2005 and 2023, however only 22 papers that satisfy the inclusion criteria were considered.Result: The results revealed of this review disclosed that the stomach cancers are diagnosed at advanced stages, specifically stage III and stage IV and this was found to negatively affects the patients’ clinical outcomes and overall survival rate.Conclusion: The present review concludes that the stomach cancer cases that are diagnosed in the selected East African countries are diagnosed late and recommend early diagnosis, improvement of health facilities and diagnostic modalities and capacity development of the oncologists, cancer focal persons and other health professionals
Contribution of Medical Wards Contamination to Wound Infection among Patients Attending Ruhengeri Referral Hospital
No full textNosocomial infections or hospital-acquired infections are infections that potentially occur in the patients under medical care. These infections are often caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens acquired via improper antibiotic use, not following infection control and prevention procedures. The main objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of medical wards contamination to wound infection and antibiotics susceptibility patterns at Ruhengeri Referral Hospital, Musanze district, Rwanda. This was a cross-sectional study where a total of 61 samples including air sampling to evaluate the contamination by airborne bacteria, working surface, equipment, and patients’ surgical wounds swabs were collected in intensive care unit (ICU), pediatrics, and surgery departments. Culture, Gram stain, and biochemical tests were performed for microbiological isolation and identification. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22 was used for data analysis. Gram-negative bacteria were frequently from surgery, pediatric, and ICU with 68.8%, 63.9%, and 31.1%, respectively, while Gram-positive isolates were 37.7% in surgery, 32.9% in pediatric, and 18.0% in ICU. There was a statistically significant association with E. coli and swabbed materials and surgical wound sites (x2 = 10.0253, P value = 0.018). All bacterial contaminants were sensitive to clindamycin and erythromycin. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, and S. aureus were resistant to nitrofurantoin. Hospital environment could be a contributing factor to surgical wound site infections. Hospitals should apply preventive measures in the hospital environment surrounding wound surgery patients to prevent wound infections during hospital stay
Logistical flows, frictions, and ‘contact zones’
No full textWith the rise of US-China tensions in recent years, logistical chokepoints such as the Suez Canal are yet again central to geopolitical rivalry. While more minor actors are unable to exert significant influence over the organization of global supply chains, US-China tensions offer opportunities for hedging that had been drastically reduced at the end of the Cold War, as the author discusses in Panama and Djibouti.</p
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity of Ocimum suave Against Selected Human Pathogenic Bacteria
No full textWorldwide, the use of antibiotics is losing effectiveness due to the substantial resistance to the antimicrobial developed by many pathogenic bacteria. African populations including Rwanda, use frequently traditional medicine for primary care. This study aimed to determine the phytochemicals and the antimicrobial activity of Ocimum. suave (O. suave) against selected human pathogenic bacteria (two strains of S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, two strains of E. coli, S. pneumonia, S. pyogene, K. oxytoca, H. influenza, S. sonei). The leaf and stem extracts were prepared using maceration technique. The antimicrobial activities of extracts were evaluated using the impregnated disc and agar well diffusion methods. The tests revealed the presence of phytochemical substances such as tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids alkaloids and phenolics in leaves and only saponins in stem. S. aureus ATCC 43300 was the most sensitive while H. influenza was the most resistant among the microorganisms tested. Aqueous and methanolic crude extract of O. suave displayed maximum diameter of inhibition zone against bacteria (9-26.5 mm and 9-23.5 respectively) and Two-way ANOVA showed statistical significance difference between their means. T-test was used in comparison with standards antibiotics and showed that the distilled water extracts exhibited much higher activity against all tested organisms than activity of streptomycin. Combination of distilled water and methanol extracts with streptomycin revealed synergistic activity against E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. pneumonia ATCC 49618. The leaves of O. suave have a great potential antibacterial activity and should be fully explored for future treatment.
Keywords: phytochemical; antimicrobial activity; Ocimum suave, Rwand
Epidemiological Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica Infections Among the Patients Attending Nyanza District Hospital, Rwanda in 2018
No full textBackground and aims: Entamoeba histolytica is an intestinal parasite and a causative agent of amoebiasis which is a common life-threatening parasitic disease. This study was intended to determine the prevalence of E. histolytica and to provide the primary data about its infections among the patients attending Nyanza District Hospital in Rwanda. Methods: Bottles were used to collect 138 stool specimens from patients. All the samples were physically analyzed based on their colors, states, and the presence of blood or mucus. The wet preparation method and zinc sulphate floatation technique were used to concentrate the parasites. Microscopic analysis was done to examine the presence of cysts and trophozoites. Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS using chi-square test and independent t test. Results: The prevalence of E. histolytica was 15.94%. The sex distribution of infections revealed that males (21.54%) were more infected than females (10.95%). The highest prevalence of E. histolytica was found in the age group of 1-19 years old (27.11%) and the lowest prevalence was observed in the age group of 20-39 years old (6.89%). A prevalence of 33.33% was reported among the people who directly drink tap water and 40% of infections among the patients who did not wash their hands before eating and after using latrines. Conclusion: Overall, E. histolytica is still considered as a health burden in Nyanza District Hospital. Therefore, it is vital to control direct exposure to its risk factors for mitigating the occurrence of amoebiasis
Challenges to Rehabilitation Services in Sub-Saharan Africa From a User, Health System, and Service Provider Perspective: Scoping Review
No full textAbstract
BackgroundRehabilitation aims to restore and optimize the functioning of impaired systems for people with disabilities. It is an integral part of universal health coverage, and access to it is a human right.
ObjectiveWe aimed to identify the key challenges to rehabilitation services in Sub-Saharan Africa from a user, health system, and service provider perspective.
MethodsThis scoping review was conducted in accordance with the 5-stage framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. A comprehensive electronic search was run to identify published articles on rehabilitation services in Sub-Saharan Africa. Of the 131 articles retrieved, 83 articles were assessed for eligibility and 15 papers that met the inclusion criteria were considered.
ResultsThe results show that people with disabilities in Sub-Saharan Africa face multifactorial challenges to access rehabilitation services. Poor access to rehabilitation services is associated with less attention given to rehabilitation by governments, which leads to less funding, negative cultural and social beliefs, fewer rehabilitation centers, poorly equipped rehabilitation units, failure of health systems, lack of training to rehabilitation practitioners, and logistical and financial constraints. This review also reveals that digital rehabilitation reduces costs and improves access to services in hard-to-reach geographical areas. However, digital rehabilitation faces challenges as well, including connectivity issues, inaccessibility to technology, a lack of technical knowledge, a lack of privacy, and ethical concerns.
ConclusionsPeople with disabilities face multifactorial challenges to access rehabilitation services in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is therefore critical to address these challenges to optimize patients’ health outcomes and offer better rehabilitation services
Effect of cycle ergometer training using different intensities in increasing catecholamine hormone of overweight females
No full textThe main purpose of this study was to compare cycle ergometer training using low intensity and moderate intensity in increasing the catecholamine hormone of overweight females. This study was conducted on 50 overweight females with mean age of 22.44±2.97 years old and body mass index between 25 kg.m.2 to 30 kg.m.2. Treatment was given 4 times per week during 5 weeks periods in Group 1 with low intensity cycle ergometer continuous training (60%-70% HRmax), and Group 2 with moderate intensity cycle ergometer continuous training (70%-80% HRmax). Heart rate was monitored using polar heart rate monitor H10. Pre-test was taken before giving treatment and post-test after giving a treatment by taking blood a day after doing exercise and fasting at night and the blood samples obtained are taken to the laboratory for serum sample analysis. Data were analyzed using paired t-test. The result found that there was an increase in catecholamine hormone in both groups with a p-value of <0.05. It can be concluded that cycle ergometer training using low and moderate-intensity improved catecholamine hormone for overweight females.El propósito principal de este estudio fue comparar el entrenamiento en bicicleta ergométrica usando baja intensidad e intensidad moderada para aumentar la hormona catecolamina de mujeres con sobrepeso. Este estudio se realizó en 50 mujeres con sobrepeso con edad promedio de 22,44±2,97 años e índice de masa corporal entre 25 kg.m.2 a 30 kg.m.2. El tratamiento se administró 4 veces por semana durante períodos de 5 semanas en el Grupo 1 con entrenamiento continuo en cicloergómetro de baja intensidad (60%-70% FCmáx), y el Grupo 2 con entrenamiento continuo en cicloergómetro de intensidad moderada (70%-80% FCmáx). La frecuencia cardíaca se controló utilizando un monitor de frecuencia cardíaca polar H10. Se toma pre-test antes de dar el tratamiento y post-test después de dar un tratamiento tomando sangre al día siguiente de hacer ejercicio y en ayunas por la noche y las muestras de sangre obtenidas son llevadas al laboratorio para análisis de muestra de suero. Los datos se analizaron utilizando la prueba t pareada. El resultado encontró que hubo un aumento en la hormona catecolamina en ambos grupos con un valor de p <0,05. Se puede concluir que el entrenamiento en bicicleta ergométrica de intensidad baja y moderada mejoró la hormona catecolamina en mujeres con sobrepeso
Application of a Healthy Lifestyle Through Sports Science Knowledge to Correct Bad Habits After the COVID-19 Outbreak: Systematic Review
No full textThe purpose of this study was to provide in-depth information about the application of a healthy lifestyle through sports science knowledge to correct bad habits after the COVID-19 outbreak through a Systematic Review. This type of research involves the systematic review method. This study was conducted using a comprehensive strategy of using article searches of databases of research journals. The databases used included Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. This research was conducted with a comprehensive strategy using article searches in databases of research journals. The databases used were Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Journals were selected through inclusion criteria, namely international journals published in the last seven years until 2022, journals on health and sports. Furthermore, the exclusion criteria in this study were national journals and non-reputable journals. The keywords used in the search are health, sports, motor skills, motivation to exercise and COVID-19. A total of 2590 articles from the Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, and Embase databases were identified. A further 11 articles that met all inclusion requirements or at least some of them were selected for this systematic review. For standard opera-tionalization, this study follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The results of this study show that the application of a healthy lifestyle can be implemented by increasing knowledge of sports science and its benefits. According to this review article, exercise and physical activity are beneficial for improving physical fitness and reducing the percentage of fat, maintaining heart health, improving bone mineral density, increasing motor and locomotor skills, as well as mental health and the role of nutrition is also important to note in living a healthy lifestyle. Increasing knowledge has the potential to correct bad habits after the COVID-19 Outbreak.El propósito de este estudio fue brindar información detallada sobre la aplicación de un estilo de vida saludable a través del conocimiento de las ciencias del deporte para corregir los malos hábitos después del brote de COVID-19 a través de una Revisión Sistemática. Este tipo de investigación involucra el método de revisión sistemática. Este estudio se realizó utilizando una estrategia integral de búsqueda de artículos en bases de datos de revistas de investigación. Las bases de datos utilizadas incluyeron Scopus, Web of Science y PubMed. Esta investigación se realizó con una estrategia integral utilizando búsquedas de artículos en bases de datos de revistas de investigación. Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron Scopus, Web of Science y PubMed. Las revistas fueron seleccionadas a través de criterios de inclusión, a saber, revistas internacionales publicadas en los últimos siete años hasta 2022, revistas sobre salud y deportes. Además, los criterios de exclusión en este estudio fueron revistas nacionales y revistas sin reputación. Las palabras clave utilizadas en la búsqueda son salud, deporte, motricidad, motivación para hacer ejercicio y COVID-19. Se identificaron un total de 2590 artículos de las bases de datos Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus y Embase. Otros 11 artículos que cumplieron con todos los requisitos de inclusión o al menos algunos de ellos fueron seleccionados para esta revisión sistemática. Para la operatividad estándar, este estudio sigue los elementos de informe preferidos para revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis (PRISMA). Los resultados de este estudio muestran que la aplicación de un estilo de vida saludable puede implementarse aumentando el conocimiento de las ciencias del deporte y sus beneficios. Según este artículo de revisión, el ejercicio y la actividad física son beneficiosos para mejorar la condición física y reducir el porcentaje de grasa, mantener la salud del corazón, mejorar la densidad mineral ósea, aumentar las habilidades motoras y locomotoras, así como la salud mental y también es importante tener en cuenta el papel de la nutrición para llevar un estilo de vida saludable. Aumentar el conocimiento tiene el potencial de corregir los malos hábitos después del brote de COVID-19
Pengaruh pendekatan permainan mengajar dalam proses pembelajaran senam untuk meningkatkan roll forward
No full textThis study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the gymnastic learning model, which makes students more active during learning to improve students rolling skills. This type of research is an experiment with a pre and post-test design. 34 people with an average age of 15 years, consisting of 16 men and 18 women, participated in this study. Subjects were divided into two groups the experimental and control groups. They were taking research subjects using a purposive sampling technique. The control group carried out an independent study according to the instructions from the teacher, while the experimental group was treated with a play learning model according to the treatment program that had been made in each lesson. The forward roll skill test instrument uses a forward roll skill test sheet which contains a forward roll assessment indicator, which consists of 10 assessment indicators, starting from the initial phase, the primary phase, and the final phase for the forward roll movement. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS application with the Paired t-test method. This study\u27s results reported a significant difference in the experimental group (p<0.05) compared to the control group. Each group has an average difference so that the learning model applied can improve forward-rolling skills in gymnastic materials. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas model pembelajaran senam, yang membuat siswa lebih aktif selama pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kemampuan rolling siswa. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan percobaan dengan desain pre dan post-test. 34 orang dengan usia rata-rata 15 tahun, terdiri dari 16 pria dan 18 wanita, berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Subjek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol. Mereka mengambil subjek penelitian dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Kelompok kontrol melakukan belajar mandiri sesuai petunjuk dari guru, sedangkan kelompok eksperimen diperlakukan dengan model pembelajaran bermain sesuai program perlakuan yang telah dibuat dalam setiap pembelajaran. Instrumen uji keterampilan roll maju menggunakan lembar tes keterampilan roll maju yang berisi indikator penilaian roll maju, yang terdiri dari 10 indikator penilaian, mulai dari fase awal, fase utama, dan fase akhir untuk gerakan roll maju. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS dengan metode Paired t-test. Hasil penelitian ini melaporkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada kelompok eksperimen (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Setiap kelompok memiliki perbedaan rata-rata sehingga model pembelajaran yang diterapkan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan maju guling dalam materi senam
Physical exercise induces increased translocation of type 4 glucose transporters (GLUT4): a systematic review
No full textThe purpose of this study is to highlight the impact of exercise on increasing GLUT4 translocation in cell membranes. This study searches many journal databases, including Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus, as part of a systematic review methodology. Publications released during the last five years and publications mentioning were the inclusion criteria for this study physical exercise, GLUT4 and glucose uptake. The study's exclusion criteria were publications that were published in not reputable journals. 508 papers in all were found using the databases Scopus, Web of Science Pubmed, and Embase. For this systematic review, a total of 10 papers that satisfied the inclusion criteria were chosen and examined. This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) evaluation guidelines for standard operations. The outcome of this comprehensive analysis study report that there is an increase and acceleration of GLUT4 translocation during physical exercise. This has the effect of increasing glucose uptake in the blood so that there is an increase in the need for glucose in the blood. We recommend that physical exercise be a preventive measure for each individual in terms of increasing blood glucose uptake which is useful for maintaining balanced glucose levels in the blood and maintain general body health.El propósito de este estudio es resaltar el impacto del ejercicio en el aumento de la translocación de GLUT4 en las membranas celulares. Este estudio busca en muchas bases de datos de revistas, incluidas Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science y Scopus, como parte de una metodología de revisión sistemática. Como criterios de inclusión para este estudio fueron las publicaciones publicadas durante los últimos cinco años y las publicaciones que mencionan el ejercicio físico, el GLUT4 y la captación de glucosa. Los criterios de exclusión del estudio fueron publicaciones publicadas en revistas no acreditadas. Se encontraron 508 artículos en total utilizando las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science Pubmed y Embase. Para esta revisión sistemática, se eligieron y examinaron un total de 10 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Este estudio cumplió con las pautas de evaluación de elementos de informes preferidos para revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis (PRISMA) para operaciones estándar. El resultado de este estudio de análisis integral informa que existe un aumento y una aceleración de la translocación de GLUT4 durante el ejercicio físico. Esto tiene el efecto de aumentar la absorción de glucosa en la sangre, de modo que aumenta la necesidad de glucosa en la sangre. Recomendamos que el ejercicio físico sea una medida preventiva para cada individuo en términos de aumentar la captación de glucosa en sangre, lo que es útil para mantener equilibrados los niveles de glucosa en sangre y mantener la salud general del cuerpo
