152 research outputs found
Nekazal inguruneko hegaztien gainbeheran eragina duten faktoreak argitzeko diziplina anitzeko azterketa
No full textA thesis submitted by Xabier Cabodevilla Bravo for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.La agricultura está sufriendo un enorme proceso de intensificación en las ultimas décadas, en una carrera por aumentar la productividad de las tierras de cultivo en respuesta a la creciente demanda de alimentos.Sin embargo, esta rápida intensificación de los agro-ecosistemas esta siendo muy negativa para muchas especies de aves asociadas al medio agrario. Entre ellas, cabe destacar las aves esteparias (como la avutarda, el sisón, la ganga ibérica o la ganga ortega), las cuales tienen un alto interés de conservación, yalgunas aves cinegéticas como la perdiz roja que, además, tienen un gran interés socio-económico.Además, el declive poblacional de las especies cinegéticas ha generado a su vez una intensificación de la gestión cinegética. Teniendo esto en cuenta, el objetivo principal de esta tesis es arrojar luz sobre algunas cuestiones poco estudiadas relacionadas con la intensificación de los entornos agrícolas que podrían ayudar a explicar el declive de las aves agrícolas, con el fin de proporcionar información y recomendaciones relevantes para la conservación de estas especies. A lo largo de esta tesis se describe elefecto de la implementación de nuevos regadíos y la modernización de los viñedos sobre la comunidad de aves, la relación entre la abundancia y tendencia poblacional de la perdiz roja y los usos de suelo yprácticas agrarias, la relación entre las sueltas de perdiz roja y la tendencia poblacional del sisón, la dietade estas especies y la importancia del parasito Blastocystis spp. en las poblaciones de estas especies.Además, se describe un nuevo marcador molecular para el estudio de la dieta y parasitología de las aves,a partir de heces, mediante metabarcoding.This thesis was supported by a PhD Grant and an Internship Grant, financed by the
Basque Country Government (Grants no. PRE_2016_1_0386 and EP_2019_1_0070).
Additional funds were provided by the research group Sistemática, Biogeografía,
Ecología del comportamiento y Evolución (IT1163-19) funded by Basque Country
Government and the projects 201630E096 funded by CSIC, AGROPERDIZ
(SBPLY/17/180501/000245) funded by Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha
and “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional”, and REGRESSEDS (CGL2016-75278-
R) funded by MINECO.Peer reviewe
Simultaneous analysis of the intestinal parasites and diet through eDNA metabarcoding
No full textAgricultural expansion and intensification are having a huge impact on plant and arthropod diversity and abundance, affecting food availability for farmland birds. Difficult food access, in turn, can lead to immunosuppression and a higher incidence of parasites. In the studies designed to examine changes in the diet of birds and their parasites, metabarcoding is proving particularly useful. This technique requires mini-barcodes capable of amplifying the DNA of target organisms from fecal environmental DNA. To help to understand the impact of agricultural expansion on biodiversity, this study sought to design and identify mini-barcodes that might simultaneously assess diet and intestinal parasites from the feces of farmland birds. The capacity to identify diet and parasites of 2 existing and 3 newly developed mini-barcodes was tested “in silico” in relation to the behavior of a reference eukaryotic barcode. Among the newly designed mini-barcodes, MiniB18S_81 showed the higher taxonomic coverage of eukaryotic taxa and a greater amplification and identification capacity for diet and parasite taxa. Moreover, when it was tested on fecal samples from 5 different steppe bird species, MiniB18S_81 showed high taxonomic resolution of the most relevant diet and parasite phyla, Arthropoda, Nematoda, Platyhelminthes, and Apicomplexa at the order level. Thus, the mini-barcode developed emerges as an excellent tool to simultaneously provide detailed information regarding the diet and parasites of birds, essential for conservation and management.Xabier Cabodevilla was supported by a PhD grant, financed by the Basque Country Government (Grants no. PRE_2018_2_0273). This study is a contribution to project Sistemática, Biogeografía, Ecología del comportamiento y Evolución (IT1163-19) funded by Basque Country Government. Additional funds for this study were provided by the project 201630E096 funded by CSIC.Peer reviewe
The implementation of irrigation leads to declines in farmland birds
No full textAssessing the effects of agricultural intensification on biodiversity is critical for developing effective management plans for farmland conservation. Among other factors, the direct and indirect impacts of irrigation on wildlife have yet to be thoroughly studied despite significant increases in the surface area of irrigated farmlands since the mid-twentieth century (currently greater than 300 million hectares worldwide). Here, we evaluate the impact of irrigation on bird species occurrence patterns using a BACI (Before-After Control-Impact) design. Our study occurs in a 100 km2 area with rainfed agriculture in the Mediterranean region of northern Spain. We analysed a 13-year dataset comprised of the 47 most common bird species in the region using a multi-species hierarchical occurrence model. We examined how the implementation of irrigation in a rain-fed farmland area altered the local bird community, identifying which species were negatively or positively impacted by changes to the local ecosystem. The implementation of irrigation had an overall negative impact on the bird community, with occurrence rates of most species (55%) decreasing and only a small fraction (11%) increasing after the onset of irrigation, leading to an overall reduction in site-level species richness. Irrigation had the most detrimental impact on farmland birds (including steppe birds, which are of high conservation concern), but also had negative effects on forest, shrubland, and non-specialist bird species that occur frequently in rainfed agricultural environments. The observed negative impacts on bird occurrences are likely due to the loss of nesting and foraging habitat arising from shifts in crops and/or loss of fallow lands associated with irrigation. The fact that only a few species responded positively to the implementation of irrigation suggests that in the long-term irrigation may lead to substantial negative changes in local bird communities, with less diversity and a lack of ecologically-important farmland species. Irrigation schemes should thus be implemented carefully, avoiding areas with high species richness or high densities of endangered species. In cases where irrigation cannot be avoided, promoting diverse agrosystems, avoiding monocultures, and including interspersed rainfed crops and fallow lands may help to mitigate negative effects on local bird communities and their ecosystems.Xabier Cabodevilla was supported by a PhD Grant and an Internship Grant, financed by the Basque Country Government (Grants numbers PRE_2018_2_0273 and EP_2019_1_0070).Peer reviewe
18S non-redundant database of Blastocystis and its 28 subtypes formatted for DADA2
No full text<p><strong>DADA2_Blastocystis.fa</strong></p>
<p>This is an updated 18S <em>Blastocystis</em> database containing 636 sequences, 606 <em>Blastocystis</em> sequences with verified identification to subtype level and 30 <em>Blastocystis </em>sequences from non-mammalian and non-bird organisms.</p>
<p>This DB includes data from two origins: 1) The sequences identified as <em>Blastocystis</em> and identified to subtype level which include the region amplified by the MiniB18S_81 primers (Cabodevilla et al., 2023) present in the GenBank nucleotide database. 2) The sequences from the reference databases “<em>Blastocystis </em>subtype reference sequences - ST1-ST17, ST21 and ST23-ST32” and “<em>Blastocystis</em> sequences from non-human/other mammal/bird sources” proposed by Stensvold & Clark (2020) that were not obtained from the GenBank search.</p>
<p>For more information on data curation, see Caro et al. (2024).</p>
<p>This database is provided in FASTA format (FASTA_Blastocystis.fasta) and also formatted for direct use with DADA2 (DADA2_Blastocystis.fa). </p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>DADA2_Silva_v132_18S_&_Blastocystis.fa</strong></p>
<p>In this database the <em>Blastocystis </em>sequences are combined with those eukaryotic sequences of Silva v132 database provided by Cabodevilla (2024). This 18S database is formatted for DADA2 and includes 26990 sequences, 26324 non-redundant sequences from eukaryotic organisms other than <em>Blastocystis</em>, 20 from bacteria, 10 from archaea, and the 636 <em>Blastocystis </em>sequences (DADA2_Silva_v132_18S_&_Blastocystis.fa).</p>
<p>–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>–></strong> If you use the <em>Blastocystis</em> database in your work, please cite the article in which this database is described (Caro et al., 2024) and this Zenodo repository. On the other hand, if you use the combined database (Silva v132 + <em>Blastocystis</em>), in addition to the above, please also cite the reference to the Silva database (Quast et al., 2013) and the article describing that database (del Portillo et al., 2024).</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p>The SILVA v132 database is release under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0) license. Thus documents are freely available for academic and commercial use as long as SILVA is credited as original author and a link to the full license is provided.</p>
<p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a></p>
Xabier Zubiriren pentsamendua dela-ta
No full textCon motivo de la muerte del filosofo Xabier Zubiri, y debido a los diferentes homenajes realizados en su honor, se ha llegado a conocer mucho mejor su obra. El autor en este articulo nos describe algunas de sus características y la sitúa dentro de los diferentes movimientos de la época haciendo algunas comparacionesAfter the death of the philosopher Xabier Zubiri, and due to the different homages tributed in his honour, his work has become much better known. In this article, the author describes some of his main characteristics and places Zubiri within the various philosophical currents of the era, making some comparison
Farmland composition and farming practices explain spatio-temporal variations in red-legged partridge density in central Spain
No full textMany farmland bird populations are declining, and their negative trends are often associated with changes in land-use or farming practices, including the use of agrochemicals. The red-legged partridge (RLP) is a Mediterranean farmland game species of high socio-economic importance whose populations are thought to have declined sharply since the mid-20th century associated with farmland changes. However, no large-scale studies have tested whether abundance or trends of RLP are related to farmland composition or management.
We used hierarchical distance sampling models to estimate RLP abundance in 2010 in central Spain (Castilla-La Mancha), a main European population stronghold of this species. We studied associations between RLP density and land-uses (including variation in management: irrigated crops or organic farming). We also assessed regional abundance variation over seven years (2010–2017) and its relationship with changes in land-use.
Our results show that RLP abundance increased with the availability of natural vegetation and traditional rain-fed vineyards, but decreased with increasing proportions of tree crops and irrigated vineyards; the latter association was less pronounced in areas sensitive to nitrate contamination in water, where the amount of fertilizers applied in farmland and use of certain farming practices is more strictly regulated. These results support the idea that increases in intensive vineyards are detrimental to the RLP. We also report a strong population decline of RLP in the region, with a 51% abundance reduction in seven years. This decline was steeper in areas where more natural vegetation had been lost and where ecological tree crops had increased.
Overall, our results indicate that changes in land-use (type of crop, or the destruction of natural vegetation in farmland) and farming practices (e.g. use of irrigation in certain crops, use of nitrates) have important impacts on this farmland bird, affecting both spatial distribution and population dynamics.This study was funded by the project AGROPERDIZ (SBPLY/17/180501/000245; Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha and “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional”). Xabier Cabodevilla was supported by a PhD Grant, financed by the Basque Country Government (Grants no. PRE_2018_2_0273).Peer reviewe
Silva v132 eukaryotic 18S non-redundant database formatted for DADA2
No full text<p>This file is derived from the Silva v132 eukaryotic SSU database. This database has been curated correcting and completing the taxonomy, removing redundant sequences and leaving a single sequence per species (the longest).</p>
<p>The database consists of 26367 sequences. 29337 sequences from eukaryotic organisms, 20 from bacteria and 10 from archaea. Sequences are identified down to species level. This file is designed specifically for use in the classification of eukaryotic 18S sequencing data.</p>
<p><span>If you use this database in your work, please cite the reference to the Silva database (Quast et al., 2013), the article from which this document is derived (del Portillo et al., 2024) and this Zenodo repository. </span></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p><span>The SILVA v132 database is release under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC-BY 4.0) license. Thus documents are freely available for academic and commercial use as long as SILVA is credited as original author and a link to the full license is provided.</span></p>
<p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><span>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</span></a></p>
Social-ecological perspective on European semi-natural grassland conservation and restoration: Key challenges and future pathways
No full textSynchronization processes of new breeders in a bird colony
No full text<p>Data set for the Ms Synchronization processes of new breeders in a bird colony.</p>
Análisis de las sueltas de perdices de granja en el centro de España: evolución e interacción con aves protegidas
No full textTrabajo presentado al XXIII Congreso Español de Ornitología, celebrado del 2 al 5 de noviembre 2017 en Badajoz.Debido al declive poblacional que sufren algunas especies de caza menor, en las
últimas décadas se han intensificado medidas de gestión como la suelta de animales de granja. En España se sueltan anualmente varios millones de perdices rojas (Alectoris rufa). Las sueltas se realizan tanto en cotos intensivos, donde se permiten legalmente durante toda la temporada de caza; como en cotos no
intensivos, donde solo se permiten antes de la apertura de la temporada cinegética general. Dicha actividad tiene un importancia económica considerable para el sector cinegético, y los gestores argumentan que es esencial para mantener la caza comercial, al menos en ciertas zonas. A su vez, la suelta de perdices de granja genera un probado impacto negativo, tanto genético como sanitario, sobre las poblaciones silvestres de perdiz. Los parásitos transmitidos por perdices de granja pueden pasar también a otras especies de aves, como se ha descrito para el sisón común Tetrax tetrax.Peer Reviewe
- …
