82,774 research outputs found
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
[Telegram from E. D. Joost to Giles B. Cook - October 3, 1933]
No full textTelegram from E. D. Joost, secretary on behalf of Odelia R. Staiti, to the Reverend Giles B. Cook informing him of the passing of H. T. Staiti on Monday, October 2, 1933
The Impact of R&D Investment On Productivity - New Evidence Using Linked R&D-LRD Data
No full textThis paper uses confidential Census longitudinal microdata to examine the association between R&D and productivity for the period 1972.1985. These data allow for significant improvements in measurement and model specification, yielding more precise estimates of the returns to R&D. Our results confirm the findings of existing studies: 1) positive returns to R&D investment 2) higher returns to company-financed research 3) a productivity "premium" on basic research These results are robust to our attempts to adjust for "influential" outliers. Also, it appears that the return to company-financed R&D (but not total R&D) is an increasing function of firm size.
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Discussion of: Outlier...s by R. J. Beckman and R. D. Cook
No full textThis issue was undated. The date given is an estimate.9 pages, 1 article*Discussion of: Outlier...s by R. J. Beckman and R. D. Cook* (McCulloch, Charles E.; Meeter, Duane) 9 page
Extrusion without a motor:a new take on the loop extrusion model of genome organization
No full textChromatin loop extrusion is a popular model for the formation of CTCF loops and topological domains. Recent HiC data have revealed a strong bias in favour of a particular arrangement of the CTCF binding motifs that stabilize loops, and extrusion is the only model to date which can explain this. However, the model requires a motor to generate the loops, and although cohesin is a strong candidate for the extruding factor, a suitable motor protein (or a motor activity in cohesin itself) has yet to be found. Here we explore a new hypothesis: that there is no motor, and thermal motion within the nucleus drives extrusion. Using theoretical modelling and computer simulations we ask whether such diffusive extrusion could feasibly generate loops. Our simulations uncover an interesting ratchet effect (where an osmotic pressure promotes loop growth), and suggest, by comparison to recent in vitro and in vivo measurements, that diffusive extrusion can in principle generate loops of the size observed in the data. Extra View on : C. A. Brackley, J. Johnson, D. Michieletto, A. N. Morozov, M. Nicodemi, P. R. Cook, and D. Marenduzzo "Non-equilibrium chromosome looping via molecular slip-links", Physical Review Letters 119 138101 (2017).</p
Marginally Restricted D-optimal Designs
No full text1 online resource (PDF, 16 pages)Cook, R. Dennis; Thibodeau, L. A.. (1987). Marginally Restricted D-optimal Designs. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/199332
Using strategic ambiguity as management practice in academic R&D : An ethnographic study of MIT SENSEable City Lab
No full textThis article explores the role of strategic ambiguity (Eisenberg, 2007; March & Olsen, 1976) as a management practice, as used in SENSEable City Lab - a R&D-oriented lab located at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, MA.
Although literature has already explored strategic ambiguity in various organizational settings, studies focusing on how academic institutions use strategic ambiguity in the context of R&D are quite sparse.
The article aims at filling this gap by reporting on a study conducted by the author across 2011 and 2014 in a R&D-oriented academic lab and reflecting on the potential of strategic ambiguity as an effective dialogic strategy to appreciate differences among internal organization members and with external partners. The article also examines some shortcomings of strategic ambiguity, such as the level of anxiety reported by some members of the lab
Preemptive Search and R&D Clustering Revisited
No full textThe results obtained by Cardon and Sasaki (1998) on R&D clustering are derived under the specific assumption that firms only can own one patent. When multiple patents are allowed, R&D clustering will come about more frequently if search costs are substantial.R&D clustering; persistence of monopoly
Entropy-driven genome organization
No full textDNA and RNA polymerases active on bacterial and human genomes in the crowded environment of a cell are modeled as beads spaced along a string. Aggregation of the large polymerizing complexes increases the entropy of the system through an increase in entropy of the many small crowding molecules; this occurs despite the entropic costs of looping the intervening DNA. Results of a quantitative cost/benefit analysis are consistent with observations that active polymerases cluster into replication and transcription “factories” in both pro- and eukaryotes. We conclude that the second law of thermodynamics acts through nonspecific entropic forces between engaged polymerases to drive the self-organization of genomes into loops containing several thousands (and sometimes millions) of basepairs
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