804 research outputs found
Performance studies of the CMS strip tracker before installation
No full textThis is the Pre-print version of the Article. The official published version can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2009 IOPIn March 2007 the assembly of the Silicon Strip Tracker was completed at the Tracker Integration Facility at CERN. Nearly 15% of the detector was instrumented using cables, fiber optics, power supplies, and electronics intended for the operation at the LHC. A local chiller was used to circulate the coolant for low temperature operation. In order to understand the efficiency and alignment of the strip tracker modules, a cosmic ray trigger was implemented. From March through July 4.5 million triggers were recorded. This period, referred to as the Sector Test, provided practical experience with the operation of the Tracker, especially safety, data acquisition, power, and cooling systems. This paper describes the performance of the strip system during the Sector Test, which consisted of five distinct periods defined by the coolant temperature. Significant emphasis is placed on comparisons between the data and results from Monte Carlo studies.This work was supported by: the Austrian
Federal Ministry of Science and Research; the Belgium Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique and Fonds voorWetenschappelijk
Onderzoek; the Academy of Finland and Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules / CNRS, France; the Bundesministerium f¨ur Bildungund Forschung, Germany; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Swiss Funding Agencies; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; the US Department of Energy, and National Science Foundation. Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union) and the A.P. Sloan Foundation
Stand-alone cosmic muon reconstruction before installation of the CMS silicon strip tracker
No full textThis is the Pre-print version of the Article. The official published version can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2009 IOPThe subsystems of the CMS silicon strip tracker were integrated and commissioned at the Tracker Integration Facility (TIF) in the period from November 2006 to July 2007. As part of the commissioning, large samples of cosmic ray data were recorded under various running conditions in the absence of a magnetic field. Cosmic rays detected by scintillation counters were used to trigger the readout of up to 15 % of the final silicon strip detector, and over 4.7 million events were recorded. This document describes the cosmic track reconstruction and presents results on the performance of track and hit reconstruction as from dedicated analyses.This work was supported by: the Austrian
Federal Ministry of Science and Research; the Belgium Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique and Fonds voorWetenschappelijk
Onderzoek; the Academy of Finland and Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules / CNRS, France; the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Germany; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Swiss Funding Agencies; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; the US Department of Energy, and National Science Foundation. Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union) and the A.P. Sloan Foundation
Alignment of the CMS silicon strip tracker during stand-alone commissioning
No full textThis is the Pre-print version of the Article. The official published version of the paper can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2009 IOPThe results of the CMS tracker alignment analysis are presented using the data from cosmic tracks, optical survey information, and the laser alignment system at the Tracker Integration Facility at CERN. During several months of operation in the spring and summer of 2007, about five million cosmic track events were collected with a partially active CMS Tracker. This allowed us to perform first alignment of the active silicon modules with the cosmic tracks using three different statistical approaches; validate the survey and laser alignment system performance; and test the stability of Tracker structures under various stresses and temperatures ranging from +15C to -15C. Comparison with simulation shows that the achieved alignment precision in the barrel part of the tracker leads to residual distributions similar to those obtained with a random misalignment of 50 (80) microns in the outer (inner) part of the barrel.This work has been supported by: the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research; the Belgium Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique and Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; the Academy of Finland and
Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules / CNRS, France; the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Germany; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Swiss Funding Agencies; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; the US Department of Energy, and National Science Foundation. Individuals
have received support from the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union) and the A. P. Sloan Foundation
CMS tracking performance results from early LHC operation
No full textThis is the Pre-print version of the Article. The official published version of the Paper can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2010 Sringer VerlagThe first LHC pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 0.9 and 2.36 TeV were recorded by the CMS detector in December 2009. The trajectories of charged particles produced in the collisions were reconstructed using the all-silicon Tracker and their momenta were measured in the 3.8 T axial magnetic field. Results from the Tracker commissioning are presented including studies of timing, efficiency, signal-to-noise, resolution, and ionization energy. Reconstructed tracks are used to benchmark the performance in terms of track and vertex resolutions, reconstruction of decays, estimation of ionization energy loss, as well as identification of photon conversions, nuclear interactions, and heavy-flavour decays
Stand-alone Cosmic Muon Reconstruction Before Installation of the CMS Silicon Strip Tracker
No full textP-Type Silicon Strip Sensors for the Future CMS Tracker
No full textThe upgrade to the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) is expected to increase the LHC design luminosity by an order of magnitude. This will require silicon tracking detectors with a significantly higher radiation hardness. The CMS Tracker Collaboration has conducted an irradiation and measurement campaign to identify suitable silicon sensor materials and strip designs for the future outer tracker at CMS. Based on these results, the collaboration has chosen to use n-in-p type strip and macro-pixel sensors and focus further investigations on the optimization of that sensor type.
This paper describes the main measurement results and conclusions that motivated this decision
CMS inner tracker upgrade
No full textThe LHC is preparing an upgrade, which will bring the luminosity of the machine to 5-7 × 1034 cm−2s−1 reaching an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb-1 by the end of 2037. This High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) scenario will require extensive upgrades to the experiments to fully exploit the physics potential of the accelerator. In this so-called Phase-2 upgrade, CMS detector will require improved radiation hardness, higher detector granularity to reduce occupancy, increased bandwidth to accommodate higher data rates, and an improved trigger capability to maintain an acceptable trigger rate. Thus, the entire tracking system will need to be replaced to deal with the HL-LHC environment and to maintain the excellent performance of the current CMS detector. The Phase-2 Inner Tracker is designed to maintain or even improve the tracking and vertexing capabilities under the high pileup (140 - 200 collisions per bunch crossing) conditions of the HL-LHC. The detectors should have the required radiation tolerance and capability of delivering the desired performance in terms of detector resolution, occupancy, and track separation. The Inner Tracker will be built from thin silicon pixel detectors segmented into pixel sizes of 25 x 100 µm2 or 50 x 50 µm2. It is composed of a barrel part with four cylindrical layers and eight small and four large disc-like structures in each forward direction. The design also includes the possibility to extract and replace the degraded parts of the detector without removing the beam pipe. The Tracker Endcap Pixel detector, installed within the extended space, will enable the measurement of real-time instantaneous luminosity as an added functionality. The extended geometrical coverage of up to η < 4.0 provides large forward acceptance to mitigate the pileup, particularly in the endcap calorimeters. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).Peer reviewe
P-Type Silicon Strip Sensors for the new CMS Tracker at HL-LHC
No full textThe upgrade of the LHC to the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) is expected to increase the LHC design luminosity by an order of magnitude. This will require silicon tracking detectors with a significantly higher radiation hardness. The CMS Tracker Collaboration has conducted an irradiation and measurement campaign to identify suitable silicon sensor materials and strip designs for the future outer tracker at the CMS experiment. Based on these results, the collaboration has chosen to use n-in-p type silicon sensors and focus further investigations on the optimization of that sensor type. This paper describes the main measurement results and conclusions that motivated this decision
Stand-alone cosmic muon reconstruction before installation of the CMS silicon strip tracker
No full textAbstract: The subsystems of the CMS silicon strip tracker were integrated and commissioned at the Tracker Integration Facility (TIF) in the period from November 2006 to July 2007. As part of the commissioning, large samples of cosmic ray data were recorded under various running conditions in the absence of a magnetic field. Cosmic rays detected by scintillation counters were used to trigger the readout of up to 15 % of the final silicon strip detector, and over 4.7 million events were recorded. This document describes the cosmic track reconstruction and presents results on the performance of track and hit reconstruction as from dedicated analyses
Test beam performance of a CBC3-based mini-module for the Phase-2 CMS Outer Tracker before and after neutron irradiation
No full textData availability: ...Copyright © 2023 CERN for the benefit of the CMS Tracker collaboration. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will undergo major upgrades to increase the instantaneous luminosity up to 5-7.5×1034 cm-2s-1. This High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) will deliver a total of 3000-4000 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13-14 TeV. To cope with these challenging environmental conditions, the strip tracker of the CMS experiment will be upgraded using modules with two closely-spaced silicon sensors to provide information to include tracking in the Level-1 trigger selection. This paper describes the performance, in a test beam experiment, of the first prototype module based on the final version of the CMS Binary Chip front-end ASIC before and after the module was irradiated with neutrons. Results demonstrate that the prototype module satisfies the requirements, providing efficient tracking information, after being irradiated with a total fluence comparable to the one expected through the lifetime of the experiment.The tracker groups gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following funding agencies: BMWFW and FWF (Austria); FNRS and FWO (Belgium); CERN; MSE and CSF (Croatia); Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP (Finland); CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 (France); BMBF, DFG, and HGF
(Germany); GSRT (Greece); NKFIA K124850, and Bolyai Fellowship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary); DAE and DST (India); INFN (Italy); PAEC (Pakistan); SEIDI, CPAN, PCTI and FEDER (Spain); Swiss Funding Agencies (Switzerland); MST (Taipei); STFC (United Kingdom);
DOE and NSF (U.S.A.). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 884104
(PSI-FELLOW-III-3i). Individuals have received support from HFRI (Greece). This document was prepared using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH1135
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