1,720,995 research outputs found
Protest and the Politics of Unemployment Protection in Europe
No full textThe implementation of austerity has spurred in many countries large mobilizations, which have ranged from protests and the occupation of public squares to more violent forms of dissent such as riots. These events have drawn large masses of people with limited access to traditional channels of political influence and/or feeling that their interests are not well-represented by political elites. The aim of these protests is to oppose, disrupt or obstruct the dismantling of social protections. Proponents of the so- called ‘social movement society’ argue that protest has gained legitimacy as a regular feature of democratic politics. Thus, in the face of declining voter turnout, party membership
and public trust in political elites, the legitimacy of social policy reforms rests also crucially on the ability of governments to respond to these disruptive forms of political participation
Empleo y actividad económica en jóvenes: tendencias actuales en las economías avanzadas de Europa occidental
No full texthis article describes the evolution of the labour market position of youth in
European advanced economies in the last three decades, its main institutional deterEuropean advanced economies in the last three decades, its main institutional deter--
minants and policy instruments. In this period of time, we have witnessed the riseminants and policy instruments. In this period of time, we have witnessed the rise
of the phenomenon of youth unemployment and, more recently, of joblessness. Still,of the phenomenon of youth unemployment and, more recently, of joblessness. Still,
youth fares quite differently across European countries. These differentials seem toyouth fares quite differently across European countries. These differentials seem to
be linked to institutional features of educational systems (school-to-work transitions)be linked to institutional features of educational systems (school-to-work transitions)
and labour markets (insiders-outsiders divide), and their interactions. Remedies haveand labour markets (insiders-outsiders divide), and their interactions. Remedies have
concentrated on the supply side of this equation (ALMP, minimum wages), leaving onconcentrated on the supply side of this equation (ALMP, minimum wages), leaving on
the side the demand one (job creation). We conclude drawing some implications for thethe side the demand one (job creation). We conclude drawing some implications for the
Chilean youth labour market concerning the necessity to develop active labour marketChilean youth labour market concerning the necessity to develop active labour market
measures to improve the transition to work processes, and to deal with the strongmeasures to improve the transition to work processes, and to deal with the strong
segmentation which still characterizes it.segmentation which still characterizes it.El artículo describe la evolución en la posición de la juventud en el mercado de trabajo
en las economías europeas avanzadas durante las últimas tres décadas, sus principa-
les determinantes institucionales y los instrumentos de política pública. En este lapso
de tiempo hemos presenciado el aumento del fenómeno del desempleo juvenil, y más
recientemente, del estado de no-trabajo. Sin embargo, la juventud enfrenta situaciones
bastante diferentes en los distintos países europeos. Estas diferencias parecen estar
vinculadas a características institucionales de los sistemas educacionales (transición
educación-trabajo) y de los mercados de trabajo (división dentro-fuera del mercado),
y sus interacciones. Las soluciones se han concentrado en el lado de la oferta de la
ecuación (políticas activas del mercado de trabajo, sueldos mínimos), postergando la
consideración sobre la demanda (creación de empleos). Concluimos señalando algunas
implicancias para el mercado de trabajo juvenil en Chile, las que apuntan a la necesidad
de rediseñar el proceso de transición de la escuela al trabajo y de combatir la fuerte
segmentación que caracteriza a este mercado
Protest and the diffusion of contention in Europe
No full textCitizens engage in politics in different ways and voting is only one of the means that they use to express their political preferences. From the Gilet Jaunes in France to the global feminist strike, people have taken to the streets to protest against rising inequalities, welfare cuts, unequal access to education and the decline in real wages and pensions. Protests are not limited to the young and deprived, but also engage well-educated groups and middle classes. They represent a reaction not only to economic grievances, but also to situations in which political institutions are perceived to be closed to the demands of (particular groups of) citizens. Forms of political participation can be broken down in two macro categories: 1) conventional participation including voting, joining parties and interest groups, signing a petition; and 2) unconventional or contentious participation such as protesting, striking, occupying, boycotting and rioting. Citizens normally combine both conventional and unconventional forms of participation in their repertoire of action, and the boundaries between them are not as clear-cut as one would imagine. At the level of individuals, protest is a growing channel of political expression, and people that join in protests are also more likely to engage in conventional forms of participation. At the level of organizations, it is not uncommon to see protest movements evolve into more institutionalized forms such as associations, foundations, NGOs or even political parties – this has been the case of environmental movements in many European countries and the Five Stars movement in Italy. Moreover, political parties also resort to contentious forms of participation to promote their issues – see the anti-government rallies organized by the Northern League (currently just League) in Italy, or the pro-independence parties’ rallies in Catalonia. Protest is an important form of expression of political conflict in Europe. Yet, its salience varies both across countries and time (Ciccia and Guzman-Concha, 2019). In Figure 1 we show the frequency of protest events in 20 advanced economies during the period 1990-2018. This data covers events that “made it” to the news (New York Times). Although this measure does not distinguish protest events based on the types of issues raised or the claims made, it provides a comparable indicator on the relevance of contentious forms of political participation across countries
Protest and Social Policies for Outsiders: The Expansion of Social Pensions in Latin America
Get PDFThe expansion of social pensions in Latin America was part of a larger process aimed at extending protections to informal workers and other individuals not covered by social insurance. These reforms were enacted by governments of different colours, and varied considerably with regard to the scope of the new programmes. While previous comparative studies have privileged economic factors and electoral dynamics to explain these differences, this article extends these frameworks to incorporate the interplay between contentious and institutional politics. It uses a two-step qualitative comparative analysis to investigate the long-term effect of protests on reforms extending the coverage of social pensions under different constellations of political, economic and institutional conditions in 18 Latin American countries (2000-2011). The results show that protest was present in almost all configurations of expansion, but that its effect was contingent on the ideology of governments, the levels of political competition and the strength of unions
Gendering Welfare State Analysis: Tensions between Care and Paid Work
Get PDFThe article revisits comparative research on gender relations and the welfare state through the lens of the tensions between paid work and care. It discusses how these tensions shaped the intellectual enterprise of gendering welfare state analysis and women’s political activity in the welfare state, as well as the emergence of normative perspectives to overcome divisions between care and paid work. It concludes by identifying three challenges for future research posed by intersectionality, immigration and the gender implications of long-term welfare state change. Nonetheless, the greatest cross-cutting challenge remains the need to balance care and paid work in feminist analysis of welfare states
Parental leave regulations and the persistence of the male breadwinner model: Using fuzzy-set ideal type analysis to assess gender equality in an enlarged Europe
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Classifying labour regimes beyond the Welfare State: A two dimensional approach
No full textThe tendency of previous research to subsume labour markets entirely within the domain of the welfare state has obscured differences in the extent and ways in which the commodification of labour has occurred across countries. This chapter aims to fill the gap in comparative research by making a distinct contribution to the development and operationalization of labour regime analysis. First, it advances the conceptualization of labour regimes as the intersection of two dimensions – selectivity and forms of regulation of employment relations –focusing on the ways in which labour is mobilized in different political economies. Second, it demonstrates the clustering of western European economies in four distinct regime types, which only partly overlap with prevailing welfare typologies. These findings are then used to advance debates about what kind of empirical and theoretical relationship exists between welfare and labour regimes
The contentious politics of social policy expansion in Latin America
Get PDFLatin America witnessed a resurgence of protests during the 1990s and early 2000s. Citizens took to the streets to protest against the liberalization of public services and rising levels of inequalities and poverty. This situation partly changed in the decade of the 2000s when the region experienced a period of sustained social policy expansion intended to extend protections to formerly excluded groups. Did popular mobilization have an influence on the turn toward universalism in Latin American social policy? This paper explores this question by looking at the relationship between protest, the strength of the Left and the adoption of expansive reforms in healthcare, conditional cash transfers and noncontributory pensions. The findings bring support to the idea that protest is a relevant aspect of the politics of social policy reform, although its effects are both sensitive to other characteristics of the political environment and the particular policy dimension considered
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