121 research outputs found
Securing public transportation systems: an integrated decision analysis framework for the prevention of terrorist attacks as example
No full textFlorian Brauner addresses the risk reduction effects of security measures (SecMe) as well as economic and social effects using terrorist threats in public transportation as use case. SecMe increase the level of security but cause interferences and restrictions for customers (e.g. privacy). This study identifies the interferences and analyzes the acceptance with an empirical survey of customers. A composite indicator for the acceptance of different SecMe is developed and integrated into a risk management framework for multi-criteria decision analysis achieving the right balance of risk reduction, costs, and social acceptance. Contents Assessment of Security Measures for Risk Management Measurement of Objective Effectiveness of Security Measures Against Terrorist Attacks Determination of Subjective Effects of Security Measures (Customer Acceptance Analysis) Cost Analysis of Security Measures Multi-Criteria Decision Support Systems Target Groups Scientists with Interest in Civil Security Research Providers and Security Experts of Critical Infrastructures and Companies Risk Management Experts and Security Authorities The Author Florian Brauner studied Rescue Engineering with focus on Civil Protection. For several years, he has been researching the effects of security measures. He currently works as a postdoctoral research associate at the University of Wuppertal and as security expert for Critical Infrastructures
Spontaneous symmetry breaking and Nambu–Goldstone bosons in quantum many-body systems
No full textSpontaneous symmetry breaking is a general principle that constitutes the underlying concept of a vast number of physical phenomena ranging from ferromagnetism and superconductivity in condensed matter physics to the Higgs mechanism in the standard model of elementary particles. I focus on manifestations of spontaneously broken symmetries in systems that are not Lorentz invariant, which include both nonrelativistic systems as well as relativistic systems at nonzero density, providing a self-contained review of the properties of spontaneously broken symmetries specific to such theories. Topics covered include: (i) Introduction to the mathematics of spontaneous symmetry breaking and the Goldstone theorem. (ii) Minimization of Higgs-type potentials for higher-dimensional representations. (iii) Counting rules for Nambu–Goldstone bosons and their dispersion relations. (iv) Construction of effective Lagrangians. Specific examples in both relativistic and nonrelativistic physics are worked out in detail
The effect of substrate rearing on growth, aerobic scope and physiology of larval white sturgeon<i>Acipenser transmontanus</i>
No full textThis is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Boucher, M.A., Baker, D.W., Brauner, C.J., & Shrimpton, J.M. (2018). The effect of substrate rearing on growth, aerobic scope, and physiology of larval white sturgeon Acipenser tranmontanus. Journal of Fish Biology. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13611, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13611. This article may be used for noncommercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.The effect of substrate on growth and metabolic rate was assessed in larval white sturgeon (Aciperser transmontanus). Yolk sac larvae (YSL) were reared in bare tanks or tanks with gravel as substrate from hatch until approximately 16 days post hatch (dph). The effect of an artificial substrate was also evaluated for growth alone. Substrate had a significant effect on weight, with larvae reared in gravel and artificial substrate being larger than those reared without substrate. Respirometry measurements of resting (routine) metabolic rates in fish reared without gravel were significantly greater than those reared with gravel during the yolk sac phase. Aerobic scope (the difference between maximum and routine metabolic rate) was significantly lower for YSL and feeding larvae (FL) in bare tanks than those reared with gravel, particularly before fish started feeding exogenously. Routine factorial scope (maximum metabolic rate divided by routine metabolic rate) indicated that the ability to elevate metabolic rate above routine in the early ontogeny of white sturgeon is extremely limited (< 1.7). These findings suggest that YSL reared without substrate may divert more of their energy to non-growth related processes, such as exercise, as higher activity levels were observed but not quantified in YSL sturgeon reared without substrate. These results underscore the importance of adequate rearing substrate for growth and development, and may provide support for habitat restoration and alternative hatchery rearing methods.https://viurrspace.ca/bitstream/handle/10613/6054/Baker.JFB.pdf?sequence=3This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Boucher, M.A., Baker, D.W., Brauner, C.J., & Shrimpton, J.M. (2018). The effect of substrate rearing on growth, aerobic scope, and physiology of larval white sturgeon Acipenser tranmontanus. Journal of Fish Biology. DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13611, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13611. This article may be used for noncommercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.Pre-print versio
Oleksander Ileksandrovych Brauner, a naturalist, explorer of the nature of the Northern Black Sea region
No full textAn essay on the tireless explorer of the nature of the Black Sea region, the successor of the traditions of K. F. Rulie, zoologist, faunist, morphologist and zoogeographer, author of numerous (more than 180) publications in the field of zoology, nature conservation and nature management, animal husbandry, organizer of the Agricultural Institute of Odessa and its professor, an encyclopaedic scientist who showed his creativity not only in many fields of science, but also in the field of science popularization, the author of works on the beauty and exciting power of nature of his native land
Analysis of the transport and interaction of oxygen and carbon dioxide in fish
No full textDoctor of Philosoph
Neuroendocrine-immune interactions in teleost fish
No full textContains fulltext :
75409.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access
Gas transport and exchange: interaction between O2 and CO2 exchange
No full textThe interaction between O2 and CO2 in the general circulation of fish exists at the level of hemoglobin within the red blood cell, and is determined largely by the magnitude of the Bohr and Haldane effects. Assuming steady-state conditions, a Bohr–Haldane coefficient of 0.35–0.5 (0.5 × the respiratory quotient, RQ) is optimal for tissue O2 delivery (excluding the swimbladder and eye), and greater values may be important for CO2 excretion and acid–base homeostasis. Many teleosts possess a nonlinear Bohr–Haldane coefficient over the oxygen-equilibrium curve (OEC), which alters the nature of the interaction when different regions of the OEC are used for gas exchange. Recent in vivo experiments indicate that Bohr–Haldane coefficients close to RQ (typically 0.7–1.0) may play an important role in facilitating tissue O2 delivery in vivo likely due to the existence of large disequilibrium states in the blood
Beyond buoyancy and vision: the potential for the Root effect to deliver oxygen to tissues other than the swim bladder and eye
No full textTeleost fish possess a unique, pH-sensitive hemoglobin (Hb) that, in the presence of an acidosis, substantially reduces the affinity and carrying capacity for O₂ (Root effect). To date, this efficient O₂ delivery mechanism is only known for filling a swim bladder (SB) against huge pressure gradients (> 50 atm) associated with depth and for oxygenating the metabolically active, yet avascular retinal tissue of the eye. In spite of the clear benefits to O₂ delivery for buoyancy and vision, no study has been conducted to determine whether the Root effect may be important in optimizing O₂ delivery to other tissues such as muscle, which is the focus of this research.During environmental or exercise-induced stress, blood pH may fall; however, some fish regulate red blood cell (RBC) intracellular pH (pHi) by releasing catecholamines that activate the sodium/proton (Na⁺/H⁺) exchanger (βNHE) on the RBC membrane. The βNHE removes H⁺s from the RBC resulting in an intracellular alkalosis, an increase in Hb–O₂ affinity, and O₂ uptake at the respiratory surfaces is safeguarded, which is the ultimate goal of this mechanism. In our proposed model, when adrenergically stimulated blood encounters plasma-accessible carbonic anhydrase (CA), an enzyme found in the RBC but also membrane-bound and potentially plasma-accessible in select locations, it will catalyze H⁺s removed from the RBC to form CO₂. This CO₂ will back-diffuse into the RBC creating an intracellular acidosis (extracellular alkalosis), reducing Hb–O₂ affinity, and ultimately elevating PO₂ via the Root effect. We created an in vitro closed system using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) blood where we can (1) simulate an acid-induced Root effect, (2) adrenergically stimulate the RBCs, and finally (3) short-circuit the βNHE via CA (CA-mediated Root effect), all of which can be monitored in real-time ( Fig. 1). Data generated currently support our Hypothesis: adrenergic RBC pH regulation can be short-circuited in the presence of plasma-accessible CA, therefore generating a Root effect increase in PO₂. In fact, if this scenario also occurs in the tissues of O. mykiss, CA-mediated short-circuiting of adrenergic pH regulation can facilitate an increase in PO₂ over 30 times that which would be generated in vertebrates possessing only a Bohr shift! We are ready to test our model in vivo by implanting fiber-optic O₂ sensors in O. mykiss muscle while simulating environmental and exercise stress with and without CA blockers. Furthermore, even though CA is not found in general circulation, there are membrane-bound and potentially plasma-accessible isoforms in muscle endothelia, and research is underway to localize this enzyme to understand the relationship between location and function of the short-circuiting.
Teleost fish, which are more numerous than all other vertebrates combined (terrestrial and aquatic), have evolved an extraordinary O₂ delivery mechanism, the Root effect, that allows O₂ delivery to the eye and to the SB, thus allowing efficient buoyancy regulation, which may be one of the most important factors responsible for the extensive adaptive radiation in teleost fishes. Therefore, it is particularly interesting that the Root effect has not yet been investigated for general O₂ delivery. If the Root effect can also facilitate general O₂ delivery in vivo, which our data currently support, this would help shed insight into how the Root effect was selected for prior to the evolution of the βNHE, choroid gland and retia of the eye, and the gas gland and rete mirabile associated with the SB
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