46,560 research outputs found
La Poetica della traduzione di Machado de Assis in italiano: o Anjo Rafael
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Florianópolis, 2010This thesis is based on a research project on the translations of Machado de Assis published in Italy. It aims to verify how and in what way the Brazilian author is positioned in Italian literary culture, and based on this it moves on to describe the importance of translational and critical activities in the reception of a writer from a peripheral literary system by another literary system. Peeter Torop#s concept of total translation is the main theoretical reference adopted for the individuation of the translational strategies for Machado de Assis# works in general, based on the stylistic description of his criticism, and of O Anjo Rafael [The Angel Raphael] in particular. This little known short story by Machado de Assis is presented, analysed and translated for the first time into Italian. In conclusion observations and commentaries on the translational process will show the poetics of translation adopted in this particular translation of Machado de Assis short story.Esta tese parte de um trabalho de pesquisa sobre as traduções de Machado de Assis publicadas na Itália para verificar em que medida e com quais características o autor brasileiro esteja inserido na cultura literária italiana, e da qual se parte para delinear a importância das atividades tradutória e crítica na recepção de um escritor pertencente a um sistema literário periférico em outro sistema literário. O conceito de tradução total de Peeter Torop é a principal referência teórica adotada para a individuação das estratégias tradutórias da obra em geral de Machado de Assis, com base na descrição estilística de seus críticos, e de O Anjo Rafael especialmente. Trata-se de um conto pouco conhecido de Machado de Assis que vem aqui apresentado, analisado e traduzido pela primeira vez para o italiano. As observações e os comentários sobre o processo tradutório concluem este trabalho, evidenciando a poética da tradução adotada na tradução específica deste conto de Machado de Assis
A composição do estilo do contista Machado de Assis
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura, Florianópolis, 2007Esta tese discute a percepção, ainda vigente em parte da crítica literária, de que a obra de Machado de Assis é cindida em duas partes, como se fosse possível a um autor ter dois estilos distintos. Amparada na revisão da fortuna crítica machadiana e com o método da estatística textual mediante a utilização do programa Hyperbase, compara bases de dados formadas pelo conjunto de contos de Machado, cotejando-os com os romances do autor e a base Portext. A análise exploratória dos dados permite descrever a anatomia do material que compõe o conto machadiano, enquanto as funções estatísticas viabilizam a busca de padrões e transformações no léxico e na distribuição do texto. Os resultados da análise qualitativa, ao indicarem que há poucas variações de classe gramatical e de vocabulário no material, contrapõem-se à ideia de ruptura estilística e reforçam a hipótese de que a transformação do estilo de Machado de Assis no conto é gradual e encontra-se fundamentalmente não no material linguístico, mas na composição
Machado de Assis o crítico : seduções e desencantos
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão.Estudo do discurso crítico de Machado de Assis, ativado a partir da segunda metade do século XIX, cuja discussão sobre a produção literária suscita uma reflexão acerca da natureza da arte e da sua relação com o cultural. Trata-se de uma pesquisa sobre as condições e constrições de possibilidade da prática crítica, passando pela noção de valor (como estratégia significante), pela questão do cânone e pelos processos de hibridação, modus operandi por excelência do discurso crítico machadiano
Três é demais! (ou por que Garnier não traduziu Machado de Assis?)
No full textPor que Garnier, o editor de Machado de Assis, teria impedido os passos do escritor rumo à tradução e consequente internacionalização? Este artigo propõe uma resposta a essa questão intrigante, a partir da análise da história dos editores Garnier Frères, sobretudo de seus negócios com o Brasil. Na verdade, a relação de Machado de Assis com os Garnier envolve três editores diferentes, embora da mesma família, e portando o mesmo sobrenome. Além disso, a análise dos contratos entre autor e editores mostra que Machado tinha domínio sobre suas cláusulas e conquistava condições contratuais cada vez mais favoráveis, o que pode tê-lo feito esbarrar nos objetivos dos editores. Talvez essa seja a razão principal de a obra machadiana ter aguardado até 1910 para ser traduzida em língua francesa, importante mediação para a circulação internacional de um texto, à época.Why would The Garnier Brothers, Machado de Assis's publishers, have prevented the translation and consequent internationalization of the writer's works? This article suggests an answer to this intriguing question based on the analysis of the history of the Garnier Frères publishers, especially regarding their business with Brazil. In fact, the relationship between Machado de Assis and the Garnier Brothers involves three different editors, albeit from the same family and therefore bearing the same surname. Additionally, studying the agreements between the author and his publishers shows that Machado was in charge of his clauses and managed to obtain increasingly favorable conditions, which may have put him at odds with the publishers' goals. Perhaps this is the main reason why Machado de Assis's work was not translated into French until 1910, an important step at the time for the international circulation of a literary text.Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp
Experiências pioneiras de Machado de Assis sobre o jornal
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura.A autora se propõe trazer à tona um instante pioneiro de experimentação do corpo móvel e público do jornal através da perspectiva de Machado de Assis na virada do século XIX para o XX. Tal perspectiva se dá, num primeiro momento, quando o autor carioca faz a travessia do livro ao jornal por intermédio da crônica, e, num segundo momento, quando faz a travessia ao revés: do jornal ao livro através de Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas
Tanymastigites lusitanica Machado & Sala, 2013, sp. nov.
No full textTanymastigites lusitanica sp. nov. (Figs 1–10) Tanymastigites sp.—Cancela da Fonseca et al., 2008; Gascón et al., 2012. Etymology. This species is named after the word Lusitânia, used by one of the greatest Portuguese poets, Luís de Camões, in his masterpiece “Os Lusíadas”, referring to Portugal, where this new taxon was discovered. The gender is feminine. Type locality. Puddles (for instance, tire tracks) on unpaved clayish roads on the way to and around Horta do Tio Luís temporary pond, Mértola, Alentejo, Portugal (37 º 45 ’N, 7 º 52 ’W; 159–174 m asl). Type material. All material preserved in 80 º ethanol, although fixed in formaldehyde, except when otherwise stated. All material comes from the district of Beja, Portugal. Holotype: male; HTL (37 º 45 ’N, 7 º 52 ’W); 17 / 12 / 2003; TL 26.1 mm, SL 23.0 mm; M. Machado leg.; MB (Accesion number: 11 -000931). Allotype: female; HTL; 09/ 11 / 2004; TL 22.3 mm, SL 19.4 mm; M. Machado leg.; MB (Accesion number: 11 - 000932). Paratypes: 1) 3 males; HTL; 30 / 10 / 2004; J. Reis & M. Machado leg., M. Machado det.; MB 11 -000933. 2) 3 males fixed in ethanol; HTL; 26 / 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; MB 11 -000934. 3) 3 females; AZ (37 º 45 ’N, 7 º 48 ’W); 09/ 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; MB 11 -000935. 4) 3 males and 3 females; HTL; 09/ 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; MNCN 20.04 / 8853. 5) 3 males fixed in ethanol; VF (37 º 47 ’N, 7 º 48 ’W); 09/ 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; MNCN 20.04 / 8854. 6) 3 males and 3 females; HTL; 26 / 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; NHMUK 2013.1 - 6. 7) 3 males fixed in ethanol; VF; 26 / 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; NHMUK 2013.7 - 9. 8) 3 males and 3 females; AZ; 09/ 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; MNHN-IU- 2009-3031. 9) 3 males fixed in ethanol; HTL; 26 / 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; MNHN- IU- 2009-3032. 10) 3 males and 3 females; AT (37 º 46 ’N, 7 º 53 ’W); 30 / 10 / 2004; J. Reis & M. Machado leg., M. Machado det.; ISR CRUS 001TL 2013. 11) 3 males fixed in ethanol; HTL; 26 / 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; ISR. CRUS 001TL 2013. 12) 3 males and 3 females; VF; 30 / 10 / 2004; J. Reis & M. Machado leg., M. Machado det.; DBUA 1324.01. 13) 3 males fixed in ethanol; VF; 26 / 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; DBUA 1324.02. 14) 1 male, prepared for SEM; AZ; 16 / 12 / 2003; M. Machado leg.; DBUA 1325.01. 15) 2 male and 1 female, prepared for SEM; AT; 27 /03/ 2002; J. Sala & M. Machado leg.; DBUA 1326.01. 16) 1 female, prepared for SEM; AZ; 14 / 11 / 2003; M. Machado leg.; DBUA 1325.02. 17) Mature cysts, prepared for SEM; HTL; 17 / 12 / 2003; M. Machado leg.; DBUA 1327.01. 18) 2 males fixed in ethanol, prepared for SEM; AZ; 10 / 10 / 2003; M. Machado leg.; DBUA 1325.03. Additional material examined. 1) 6 females; HTL; 09/ 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; MM. 2) 13 males and 9 females; HTL; 26 / 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; MM. 3) 4 males fixed in ethanol; HTL; 26 / 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; MM. 4) 4 males and 1 female; AT; 27 /03/ 2002; J. Sala & M. Machado leg.; MM. 5) 5 males; AT; 30 / 10 / 2004; J. Reis & M. Machado leg.; M. Machado det.; MM. 6) 1 male fixed in ethanol; AT; 24 /04/ 2002; J. Sala & M. Machado leg.; MM. 7) 4 males; AZ; 16 / 12 / 2003; M. Machado leg.; MM. 8) 1 female; AZ; 09/ 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; MM. 9) 3 males; AZ; 26 / 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; MM. 10) 4 males fixed in ethanol; AZ; 10 / 10 / 2003; M. Machado leg.; MM. 11) 1 male fixed in ethanol; AZ; 26 / 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; MM. 12) 2 males; VF; 18 /02/ 2004; M. Machado leg.; MM. 13) 7 males; VF; 30 / 10 / 2004; J. Reis & M. Machado leg.; M. Machado det.; MM. 14) 2 males fixed in ethanol; VF; 09/ 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; MM. 15) 2 males fixed in ethanol; VF; 26 / 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; MM. 16) 4 males and 4 females; HTL; 30 / 10 / 2004; J. Reis & M. Machado leg.; M. Machado det.; LLAM-GB 47. 17) 15 males and 9 females; HTL (puddle # 3); 09/ 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; LLAM-GB 46. 18) 7 males and 3 females; HTL (puddle # 5); 09/ 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; LLAM-GB 33. 19) 7 males and 3 females; HTL; 26 / 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; LLAM-GB 48. 20) 7 males fixed in ethanol; HTL; 26 / 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; LLAM-GB 49. 21) 4 males and 1 female; AT; 27 /03/ 2002; J. Sala & M. Machado leg.; LLAM-GB 40. 22) 7 males and 9 females; AT; 30 / 10 / 2004; J. Reis & M. Machado leg.; M. Machado det.; LLAM- GB 50. 23) 1 male and 1 female; AZ; 20 /03/ 2002; J. Sala & M. Machado leg.; LLAM-GB 43. 24) 3 males and 2 females; AZ; 06/ 10 / 2002; J. Sala & M. Machado leg.; LLAM-GB 41. 25) 4 males; AZ; 14 / 11 / 2003; M. Machado leg.; LLAM-GB 42. 26) 2 males; AZ; 16 / 12 / 2003; M. Machado leg.; LLAM-GB 45. 27) 4 males and 2 females fixed in ethanol; AZ; 10 / 10 / 2003; M. Machado leg.; LLAM-GB 39. 28) 1 male; VF; 18 / 11 / 2003; M. Machado leg.; LLAM-GB 44. 29) 1 female; VF; 18 /02/ 2004; M. Machado leg.; LLAM-GB 51. 30) 3 females; VF; 30 / 10 / 2004; J. Reis & M. Machado leg.; M. Machado det.; LLAM-GB 52. 31) 1 female; VF; 09/ 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; LLAM-GB 53. 32) 7 males fixed in ethanol; VF; 09/ 11 / 2004; M. Machado leg.; LLAM-GB 54. Diagnosis. Male. Antennal appendage with a short, undivided, distally smooth lateral branch; dorsal clypeal process as a non-sclerotized small tubercle, hardly exceeding level of fused basal part of antennal appendages; frontal clypeal process as a well developed dorsoventrally flattened plate; ventral clypeal process as typical of the genus; distal segment of antenna with a short prominent ventrolateral crest at a level very close to the point of maximum curvature; basal part of penis ending into 2 mucronated, divergent “lips”. Female. 10 th and 11 th thoracic somites widened, with the 11 th somite having one pair of dorsolateral swellings. Cyst. Spherical, with moderate high crests delimiting irregular polygonal cells, without superficial hairs. Description. Adult Male. General. Body of living specimens unpigmented, ivory or milky white coloured, sclerotized parts golden brown. Head with nuchal organ widely elliptic, sometimes almost subrectangular, main axis transversal. Antennule more than twice as long as the compound eye plus peduncle, longer than the basal segment of antenna (Figs 2 A, C; 7 B), with 3 long subdistal setae and 6 distal aesthetascs (as in Fig. 10 A). Antennae sclerotized, elliptic (sometimes almost circular) in outline (Figs 1 A, B; 2 A; 7 C), slightly longer than wide, extending up to the posterior limit of 3 rd thoracic somite (Fig. 7 B). Basal segment longer than distal segment of antenna (ratio: 1.1–1.3); proximal 50–60 % of basal segment fused, forming the clypeus. Clypeus with 3 pairs of processes (Fig. 1 A, B): dorsal (dp), frontal (fp) and ventral (vp). Dorsal processes, located at base of frontal processes as small non-sclerotized rounded tubercles pointing to the front, provided dorsally with a cluster of small setae; they laterally border the incompletely fused proximal part of the antennal appendages, hardly projecting beyond it (Figs 1 A; 2 A, C; 7 C, D, G). Frontal processes partly hidden under the antennal appendages (Figs 2 A; 7 A); each as a subquadrangular plate originating from middle of dorsal extension of clypeus and protruding approximately the same length beyond its frontal end; flattened dorsoventrally, triangular in lateral view and arched dorsally to lateral, mucronated distal angle; medial distal angle a roundish right or somewhat obtuse angle, very close to that of its pair; frontal border with a triangular incision, closer to its lateral side; lateral part of frontal border can extend beyond medial one (Figs 1 A; 2 A; 7 A, C, D, G). Ventral processes arising close to the medial part of frontal border of clypeus, each as a dorsoventrally flattened, subtrapezoidal plate, distal margin longer, medial distal angle right to somewhat acute, widened dorsally into a more or less prominent conical or roundish outgrowth; lateral distal angle prolonged into a digitiform outgrowth extending to or surpassing the medial distal end of the basal segment of antenna; a subconical apophysis on its dorsal side, near its frontal oblique border, approximately midway to distal angles; convex proximal surface of apophysis squamous; frontal flat smooth surface of apophysis approximately transverse, oblique in relation to frontal edge of the plate (Figs 1 A, B; 2 A, B; 7 C, D, E, F). Distal segments of antennae outlining a semicircle, each with the maximum point of curvature at 25– 33 % from its proximal end, approximately cylindrical in cross-section diminishing in diameter to the distal end, which is ventrally scooped, spoon-shaped (Figs 1 A, B; 2 A, B, C; 7 C, D, F). Distal segment of antenna with 3 ridges: the most proximal ridge (pr), short and prominent, developing ventrolaterally, at the point of maximum curvature or, more commonly, immediately distal to that point; shaped like a deformed semicircle, flattened (higher) proximally or, less commonly, subtriangular with proximal rounded angle and rounded distal side; concave ventrally and convex dorsally (Figs 1 A, B; 2 A, B, C; 7 A, C, D, F); an intermediate ventral ridge (ir) developing slightly to medial side from the proximal end of distal ventral “spoon” to the base of the most proximal ridge to which it is connected; shaped as an asymmetrical arc of a circle, highest proximally, distal edge somewhat sinuous and flattened (Figs 1 B; 2 B, C; 7 A, B, F); a subdistal ridge (sr) arising ventromedially and developing to dorsomedial side, typically higher distally, subtrapezoidal or subtriangular with roundish free angle and sides or shaped as an asymmetrical arc of a circle, forming a bifurcated extremity with the distal tip of antenna (Figs 1 A, B; 2 A, B; 7 A, C, D). Base of distal segment of antenna with a medial small, unapparent, hyaline lamella (hl), subrectangular, transverse, sometimes prolonged laterally to form a pointed or rounded beak (Figs 1 A; 2 A; 7 C, D). Antennal appendages—also called appendix verticalis in Daday (1910) and Gauthier (1928 b), processus serriformis in Brtek (1972) and Thiéry (1986 b) or antennal serrated laminar outgrowths in Thiéry & Brtek (1984) —up to twice the length of antennae, arising from the middle of the base of clypeus as an incompletely fused pair of sclerotized cylindroid branches, partially hiding the frontal processes (Fig. 2 A, C); approximately at the level of half length of these processes, the incomplete fusion of the two antennal appendages ends, and continue squeezed against each other before getting separated like the teeth of a fork closer to the distal edge of frontal processes (Figs 2 A; 7 A, G); from this separation point, each antennal appendage, sclerotized and cylindroid proximally, become progressively wider, flatter and softer, losing the sclerotized appearance before dividing into a very short lateral branch and a long medial branch at 20–33 % of the extension of its free portion (Fig. 2 A, C, D). Antennal appendages, when in resting position, stay wrapped under themselves, enclosed by the antennae (Fig. 7 A, B); lateral branch digitiform, 14–20 % as long as medial branch; medial branch ribbon-like, dorsoventrally flattened, gradually tapering toward a distal, rounded triangular end. Undivided basal part of the free portion of antennal appendage with a longitudinal ventral row of long sclerotized spines standing perpendicular to the appendage surface, rarely bent to medial side; spines getting shorter and softer distally to the base of lateral branch or even until the middle of its length, still forming a single row, or a wider band of short, soft, rounded conical papillae; distal ventromedial edge of undivided basal part of the free portion of antennal appendage and ventromedial edge of medial branch with a row of short, soft, rounded conical papillae becoming small sclerotized spines toward the distal end; ventral side of medial branch ornamented with short, soft, rounded conical or spine-like papillae, distal end normally with one sclerotized spine; ventrolateral edge of medial branch with more or less sclerotized spines, normally getting shorter toward its distal end; marginal spines of distal part of medial branch (ventromedial, distal and ventrolateral) approximately of same size (Figs 2 A, C, D; 7 H). Labrum very similar to that of Branchipus cortesi Alonso & Jaume; distal lamella widest subdistally, ending in a rounded acute angle (Figs 2 E, F; 8 A). Mandibles as in Fig. 9, similar to those described for the genus (Mura, 1996). First maxillae, each with 22–24 setae and a posterior ventral spine (Fig. 2 G); basal part of setae half length the distal part, or a little less; posterior side of the basal part of setae completely covered with spines arranged in two rows; transitional area between basal and distal part of setae also completely covered by spines (Fig. 2 I); anterior side of distal part of setae ornamented with two rows of fine setulae (Fig. 2 I), incorporating in the distal half more spaced spines (Fig. 2 J); posterior ventral spine small (around 0.1 times the shortest setae), devoid of setulae, divided into two subequal parts, and ending in a fine point; a field of fine setulae appear near the base of the posterior ventral spine (Fig. 2 G, H). Second maxillae ventrally directed, swollen, truncated distally; proximal part widely covered with fine setulae, with a small spine and 2–3 anterior setulose setae; distal part covered with scattered small setulae, and a ventral distal long plumose seta with basal crown of pectinate scales (Fig. 2 K). Thorax fusiform, wider at 6 th or 7 th somite level. Eleventh thoracic somite with lateral lobes at the posterior 20– 25 % of its length. Dorsally, each thoracic somite carries one pair of warty outgrowths with a central sensilla, similarly to other anostracan species (Linder, 1941). Thoracopods are homonomous, though T 4 –T 7 —less commonly T 8 —are the biggest ones (Fig. 3 A). Praepipodite undivided, ear-shaped in the first ten thoracopods, about twice as long as high, with 2 spaced denticles on lateral edge and denticulate distal edge (Fig. 1 C; 3 A, C, F); praepipodite of T 11 as a basally truncated ellipsis, oblique, directed to the distal part of thoracopod, about 1.5 times as long as high, edge almost smooth except for 2 denticles on lateral margin (Fig. 4 A). Epipodite tending to be longer in relation to width (from about 2: 1 to about 3: 1) from anterior to posterior thoracic appendages, digitiform in the first ten thoracopods, margin smooth (Fig. 3 A, C, F); epipodite of T 11 of similar shape but usually narrowing towards distal tip, with a denticle on it (Figs 3 A; 4 A, C); the distal part of its medial edge (much more rarely of lateral edge) may present a few naked or plumose setae (Fig. 4 C): 36.4 % of the examined males (n= 151) have one or both epipodites of T 11 with those setae; this percentage differs from a population to another, ranging from 12.5 % (n= 32) in VF, to 57.1 % (n = 28) in AZ. Exopodite like an asymmetrical truncate orange segment, wider near the base, straighter side lateral, tending to be longer from anterior to posterior thoracic limbs (length of exopodite in relation to length of endopodite, from about 0.8 times at T 1 to about 1.8 times at T 11; length of exopodite in relation to length of the remaining of thoracopod, from about 0.8 times at T 1 to approximately equal at T 11; length of exopodite in relation to length of the whole thoracopod, from about 0.4 times at T 1 to 0.9 times at T 11) (Figs 3 A, C, F; 4 A); provided with a few (5–7) proximal spine-like setae on lateral margin, gradually longer distally; rest of exopodite with marginal plumose setae. Endopodite of T 1 semi-oval (Fig. 3 A, C); endopodite of T 2 elongated semi-oval with a small distomedial subtriangular projection (Figs 3 A; 4 D); endopodite of T 3 –T 4 elongated semi-oval with a pronounced narrow distomedial subtriangular projection (Figs 3 A; 4 E, F; 7 A); endopodite of T 5 –T 10 expanded semi-oval, medial edge straightened with an angulation closer to the 6 th endite, apex provided with a notch (Figs 3 A, F; 4 H); endopodite of T 5 sometimes also with a small narrow distomedial subtriangular projection (Fig. 4 G), intermediate shapes rare but possible; endopodite of T 11 as that of T 5 –T 10, but apex without a notch (Fig. 4 A); endopodite, excluding the subtriangular projection on T 2 –T 4 or T 5, about half length of the whole thoracopod; endopodite of T 1 provided with spine-like setae on medial or distomedial margin and plumose setae on lower margin; endopodites of T 2 –T 4 (also, that of T 5 when it presents a distomedial subtriangular projection) with spine-like setae on medial margin and on distal part of lower margin, plumose setae on proximal part of lower margin and some short, naked spines (3–4) on the subtriangular projection; endopodites of T 5 –T 10 with spine-like setae on distomedial margin and on distal part of lower margin and plumose setae on proximal part of lower margin; endopodite of T 11 with spine-like setae on distomedial margin and plumose setae on lower margin. Endite 1 + 2 elongated with roundish edge bordered by a comb of long filtering setae lacking basal crown of pectinate scales except at T 11, and with the typical anostracan number and location of anterior setae (Linder, 1941). The distal anterior seta, strong, pectinate, with basal crown of pectinate scales. The intermediate anterior seta at T 1–10, very close to the distal one, is very short, bubble-like and naked; at T 11, it is not so close to the distal one, almost half length of it, conical, ending in a stiletto. The most proximal anterior seta at T 1 –T 10, approximately twice as long as the most distal anterior seta, fragile and provided with sparse, short and very fine setulae at both sides; at T 11 it is similar in shape to the intermediate seta, about half length of the most distal anterior seta (Figs 3 D, G; 4 B). Third endite normally 25–33 % as long as endite 1 + 2, with roundish edge bordered by a comb of long filtering setae at T 1 –T 10, with the typical anostracan number and location of anterior setae (Linder, 1941). The more distal anterior seta similar to the more distal anterior seta of endite 1 + 2, about twice its length, and the more proximal one of the same type as the intermediate seta of T 11 endite 1 + 2 (Fig. 3 D, G). T 11 with 3 rd endite globular just a little longer than the 4 th– 6 th endites; filtering comb reduced to 2–4 long setae; anterior setae similar to the corresponding setae at the other thoracopods, the more distal one located near the middle of the endite margin and about 1.5 times as long as the more distal anterior seta of endite 1 + 2; the more proximal one close to endite 1 + 2, a little shorter or as long as the more distal one (Fig. 4 B). Fourth endite conical (rounded conical at T 1; rounded conical to globular at T 11) with 2 spine-like anterior setae and typically 3 (2–3) long plumose posterior setae located distally at the first ten thoracic limbs, and 2–3 located centrally at T 11 (Figs 3 E, H; 4 B). Fifth endite conical or rounded conical, with 2 spine-like anterior setae and typically 2 (1–3) long plumose posterior setae located distally at the first ten thoracic limbs, and normally in the middle of the endite at T 11 (Figs 3 E, H; 4 B). Sixth endite typically conical (sometimes rounded conical) at T 1 –T 10, and rounded conical (sometimes conical or globular) at T 11, with 1 spine-like anterior setae and typically 2 (1–2) long plumose posterior setae located distally (sometimes closer to a central position) at the first 10 thoracic limbs and 1–2 posterior setae located centrally at T 11 (Figs 3 E, H; 4 B). Genital somites. First genital somite usually longer than 11 th thoracic somite and wider than the 2 nd genital somite, both with posterodorsolateral pair of warty outgrowths with a central sensilla (Fig. 5 C). Penes with a pair of symmetrical, ventral basal, dorsoventrally flattened, triangular sclerotized processes typical of the genus (Brendonck, 1995), with lateral margin regularly curved or, when forming an angle, more obtuse than the one described for T. brteki (Thiéry, 1986 b) (Figs 5 A, D; 8 B, C). Basal part of each penis cylindroid, extending posteriorly hardly up to the end of 1 st postgenital somite, about twice as long as the ventral basal triangular process, and with the medial spur typical of the genus at a level just proximal to the distal end of the triangular process; distal end with 2 mucronated “lips”, the lateral “lip” longer than the medial, mucrons divergent (Figs 5 A, D; 8 B). Apical eversible part of penis (Figs 5 E, F; 8 D, E, F) about twice as long as its basal part, extending as far as the end of the 3 th postgenital somite; cylindroid with the distal part wider, lobed, with a transversal proximal constriction (a) at 20–25 % of its length and a conspicuous ridge (carina: b) along most of the non-distal lobed part of the medial side, disrupting the transversal constriction; conspicuous longitudinal medial carina provided with a normally single row of big spines (7–14; n= 48) typically directed to the base of the penis, the more distal the shortest; also medially, one medium or long apical spine (c) in the wider distal part of everted penis; ventral side with one big spine approximately at level of the transversal constriction (d), normally with one (0–2) subdistal spine of variable size (e) and with one long, more distal spine closer to the medial margin (f), proximal in relation to spine c; ventrolateral side typically with one medium or long spine distal to transversal constriction (g) and one or more small spines (usually 2–5) proximal to the wider lobed part of protruded penis, in discrete groups or longitudina
Machado de Assis, workman author: about classical themes in Ressurreição
No full textThis paper intends to analyze the presence of themes from Classical Culture, specifically, Greek and Roman Cultures, in Machado de Assis’ Ressurreição. With that aim in mind, we tried to identify dialogic elements in this novel, intending to showcase how those elements give new meanings articulated as an important repertoire for the development of the national literary project devised by the author.</p
Literatura e religião : estudo das referências religiosas na obra de Machado de Assis
No full textEste trabalho tem a intenção de analisar em que medida o conjunto referencial de elementos relacionados à religião (em especial à Católica, por ser a prática religiosa mais difundida no país quando da formação da obra em destaque) está presente nos textos do mais importante escritor brasileiro. Sem negar as possibilidades críticas existentes, mas dialogando com elas, é relevante podermos abrir uma nova chave de leitura que possa ser associada a tantas outras e formar uma tessitura crítica. Machado de Assis é reconhecido como um autor que soube gerenciar as diversas facetas da sociedade e com elas criar a sua obra de tal forma que fosse livre de marcas nacionalistas e, ao mesmo tempo, profundamente nacional. Sendo um excepcional crítico e ainda melhor ficcionista é possível perceber que o que ele colocou nos seus textos não está ali gratuitamente, por isso, medir uma determinada referência é desenvolver uma nova forma de análise para a obra. Muito se tem estudado Machado de Assis ao longo do tempo, porém pouco, relativo a qual o uso que ele fez da religião disponível no seu tempo e ao seu alcance de compreensão. Estabelecer qual era a relação da Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana com o poder estatal ao longo da história para depois perceber em que escala essa relação conflituosa também estava presente na Igreja do Brasil é a base para entender uma das facetas da formação intelectual de Machado de Assis. Ele acompanhou toda a crise religiosa do Segundo Reinado e sobre ela se manifestou e a ficcionalizou. A análise quantitativa desses referenciais religiosos, que prova a extensão do uso pelo autor, dá lugar a uma análise qualitativa, quando se demonstra que essa temática, com tudo o que ela envolve, esteve no campo de visão e de criação das mais relevantes obras do autor. Enriquecer o arcabouço crítico sobre Machado de Assis é o intuito último de propor uma análise daquilo que foi por ele utilizado para a concepção da sua obra.The present work aims to analyze how the referential data related to religion (particularly, the Catholic Church, once it was the most widespread religious practice in the country at time of author´s writings) is present in the texts of the most important Brazilian writer. Without denying the already explored critics, but talking with them, is relevant open a new concept about this theme that could be included to others in order to construct a critic conjecture. Machado de Assis is recognized as an author who knew how manage the various facets of society and with them create his work in a style free of nationalist marks and, in the same time, deeply nationalist. Being an exceptional critic and an even better novelist, it is possible realize that he wrote many things with intentional meanings that could be considered to develop a new form of analysis for his work. Along the time, many studies have investigated Machado de Assis, however, there is little information about how he used the available religion and what comprehension he had of it. To establish the relationship between Roman Catholic Church with government power throughout history and then realize that this conflicting relationship was present also in the Church in Brazil, is the basis for understand one of Machado de Assis’ intellectual formation facet. It is visible that he accompanied all religious crisis of the Second Reign and manifested and wrote about it. The quantitative analysis of these religious data, that mark its intense use by the author, gives rise to a qualitative analysis, when it is showed that this theme was present in his life and in creation of the most relevant works of author. To enrich the critical framework on Machado de Assis is the ultimate aim to propose an analysis of what was used by him for the design of his work.Ce travail a l’intention d’analyser dans quelle mesure l’ensemble référentiel d’éléments raportés à la religion (notamment la Catholique, cette pratique religieuse la plus diffusée dans le pays, au moment de la formation de l’oeuvre en étude) est présent dans les textes du plus important écrivain brésilien. Loin de nier les possibilités critiques existentes, mais en dialogue avec elles, c’est important d’ouvrir une nouvelle clé de lecture qui puisse être associée à tant d’autres et former une texture critique. Machado de Assis est connu comme l’auteur qui a su administrer les plusieurs aspects de la société et avec eux créer son oeuvre de telle façon qu’elle fût libre des signes nationalistes et, au même temps, profondement nationale. Ayant été un critique exceptionnel et plus encore un excellent romancier, c’est possible d’apercevoir que ce qu’il a mis dans ses textes n’y est pas gratuitement, donc, évaluer une référence donnée est développer une nouvelle forme d’analyse pour son oeuvre.On a beaucoup étudié Machado de Assis au long des années, mais peu par rapport à l’utilisation qu’il a faite de la religion disponible à son temps et à la portée de sa compréhension. Établir quel est le rapport de l’Église Catholique Apostolique et Romaine avec le pouvoir de l’État au long de l’histoire pour apercevoir enfin qu’en échelle, ce rapport conflictueux était aussi présent dans l’èglise du Brésil, c’est le fondement pour comprendre l’un des aspects de la formation intellectuelle de Machado de Assis, puisqu’il a accompagné toute la crise religieuse du Second Royaume, et sur laquelle il s’est manifesté en la mettant en fiction. À l’analyse quantitative des ces référentiels religieux qui témoignent l’extension de l’emploi par l’auteur, donne lieu à une analyse qualitative, au moment où se prouve que cette thématique, avec tout ce qui l’entoure, a été dans le champ de vision et de la création des plus célèbres romans de l’auteur. Enrichir la charpente critique sur Machado de Assis est le but ultime de proposer une analyse de ce qui a été employé par lui pour la conception de son oeuvre
Machado de Assis, retratista
No full textResumo: Neste artigo, busca-se analisar alguns aspectos da ficção de Machado de Assis a partir da noção de pose, que é sugerida pelas discussões em torno da fotografia no século XIX: “salão de poses” era o nome que se dava aos estúdios fotográficos que surgiram logo após a invenção do daguerreotipo, em 1839. Para isso, o artigo parte de um debate de certa crítica machadiana em torno de outro gênero da fotografia e da arte, a paisagem, assim como da conclusão de Silvio Romero segundo a qual Machado seria um “mau retratista”, procurando mostrar os valores em questão nessas análises. Finalmente, o artigo discute a maneira como o autor privilegia em sua literatura a investigação do salão e da “sociabilidade”, expressão tomada de empréstimo da obra de Georg Simmel, assim como do coquetismo e das formas da aparência, a partir da análise de personagens como o Conselheiro Aires e contos como “Teoria do Medalhão”.Palavras-chave: Machado de Assis; pose; retrato; fotografia.Abstract: This paper intends to analyze some aspects of Machado de Assis’ fiction drawing on the notion of pose, which was suggested by the discussions on Photography in the 19th century: “poses hall” was the name given to the photographic studios that emerged right after the invention of the daguerreotype, in 1839. The paper discusses Machado’s critique on landscape, a genre of Photography and Art, as well as Silvio Romero’s conclusion that Machado was a “bad portraitist”, highlighting the value of such analyses. Finally, we try to show how the author privileged the investigation of the hall and the “sociability”, as defined by Georg Simmel, as well as coquetismo [“coquetry”] and other forms of appearance. We also attempt to analyze these aspects from the point of view of characters including Conselheiro Aires and short stories such as “Teoria do Medalhão” [“Theory of the Medallion”].Keywords: Machado de Assis; pose; portrait; photography
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