1,721,040 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Imperfeksjoner i arbeidsmarkedet. Konsekvenser for velferdseffekter av en grønn skattereform
Full text linkAkademias vaktmestere. Å lede fagfeller – organisatoriske forutsetninger for ledelse i akademia
Full text linkMaster i styring og ledelseUniversitets- og høgskolesektoren i Norge har endret seg mye de siste ti-åra, både i forhold til størrelse,
struktur og kompleksitet. Sektoren har vært gjenstand for stor politisk interesse, og har blitt tillagt en viktig rolle i
forhold til å løse samfunnsutfordringer, -behov og -oppgaver. Samtidig har også kravene som stilles til kvalitet
og produktivitet økt. Den faglige virksomheten ved et universitet foregår på det enkelte institutt. Det arbeidet og
den aktiviteten som foregår der er avgjørende for institusjonenes kvalitet. I denne studien har jeg satt fokus på
faglige førstelinjeledere i akademia, studieledere og instituttledere, og deres betingelser for å være gode
ledere for svært høyt kvalifiserte medarbeidere med stor autonomi i deres arbeid med å forske, utvikle og
formidle faget sitt. Studien har sett på hvordan instrumentelle styringsverktøy som organisering, retninglinjer og
infrastruktur kan legges til rette på en slik måte at førstelinjelederen kan konsentrere sin tid og sine ressurser
om å være gode ledere for de kunnskapsmedarbeiderne de er satt til å lede og motivere til å lykkes, til å drive
faget sitt, utdanningen sin, forskningen sin og universitetet sitt framover. Studiens problemstilling har vært
organisatoriske forutsetninger for ledelse: Hvordan kan organisasjonen legge til rette for god ledelse? Og,
hvilke organisatoriske forhold kan være til hinder? Studien har et kvalitativt forskningsdesign, og det er
gjennomført ni intervju med faglige førstelinjeledere ved OsloMet – storbyuniversitetet. Jeg har identifisert en
del tidstyver som stjeler tid fra førstelinjeledernes virke, og ser at man kan ta en del grep for å tilrettelegge for
mer ledelse og mindre styring. Kort oppsummert bør alle aktørene som til sammen utgjør organisasjonen se
opp fra sine fagområder og ansvarsoppgaver og bli kjent med hele organisasjonen. Man må anerkjenne
ulikhetene, og begynne å identifisere hva organisasjonen faktisk etterspør. Administrasjonen må finne ut hvilke
behov kjernevirksomheten har, og rutiner, prosesser og system må få en innretning slik at de gir svar på de
utfordringer og problemer som finnes der. Det er denne hensikten administrasjonen skal oppfylle.The sector of Norwegian higher education institutions has changed a lot in the last decades, both in terms of
size, structure and complexity. The sector has been the subject of political interest and been given an important
role in solving societal challenges, needs and tasks. At the same time, the demands for quality and productivity
have increased. The academic activity of a university takes place at the individual departments. The work and
activity that takes place there is crucial for the institutions' quality. In this study, I have focused on academic
first-level supervisors in academia, Head of Studies and Head of Departments, and their possibilities to be
good leaders for highly qualified employees with great autonomy in their research, development and
dissemination of their subject. The study has looked at how instrumental management tools such as
organization, guidelines and infrastructure can be facilitated in such a way that the first-line supervisors can
concentrate their time and resources on being good leaders for the knowledge workers they are set to lead and
motivate to succeed, to pursue their discipline, education, research and university forward. The focus of this
study has been organizational requirements for management: How can the organization facilitate good
management? In addition, what organizational conditions can prevent it? The study has a qualitative research
design, and I have conducted nine interviews with first-line supervisors at the OsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan
University. I have identified a number of time-thieves, which steals time from the first-level supervisors, and I
and see that one can take some action to facilitate more management and less governance. Summarized, I
conclude that all actors who together constitute the organization should take a look up from their disciplines
and responsibilities, and get to know the entire organization. One has to recognize the inequalities, and begin
to identify what the organization actually is asking for. The administration must determine the needs of the core
business, and the routines, processes and systems must get a facility to respond to the challenges and
problems that are experienced there. This is the purpose the administration is set to fulfill.publishedVersio
Taxation, unemployment and growth: dynamic welfare effects of "green" policies
Full text linkThis paper analyses the effects of so-called "green" tax reforms on a small, open economy producing an imperfect substitute for foreign goods, using an intertemporal general equilibrium model. The labour market is characterised by union wage setting, and a fixed exchange rate implies wage rigidity and involuntary unemployment. The long run effects on instantaneous utility, employment and the stock of real and financial capital of a revenue neutral increase in the tax on fossil fuels combined with a) lump sum rebating or b) change in the labour income tax rate, are discussed. Due to the changes in instantaneous utility during the time path following the implementation of the tax reform, the total welfare effect may be positive even with a reduction in long run consumption. The total welfare effect is in general more positive (or less negative) with wage tax reduction than lump-sum rebating.
Keywords: Dynamic equilibrium analysis, Unemployment, Environmental tax reform
Modelling Consumers' Energy Demand
Full text linkThe modelling of consumers demand for energy in a general consumer demand system is discussed. Electricity, fuel-oil, the stock of electricity using durables and housing are assumed to be separable from other consumer commodities. This lower level demand system is modelled using a Gorman Polar form. The linear expenditure system is a nested hypothesis of the more general Gorman Polar form and the two systems are estimated and tested against each other. A dynamic version of the linear expenditure system is also estimated. As expected the results indicate that the Engel elasticities for electricity and fuel-oil differ considerably, and that the stock of electricity using durables contributes to explain the use of electricity and fuel-oil over the period
Labour market rigidities and environmental tax reforms : welfare effects of different regimes
No full textThe working of the labour market is important for the total welfare effects of tax reforms. This paper analyses, by using a computable general equilibrium model for the Norwegian economy, how different assumptions about labour mobility between industries and wage formation influence the non-environmental welfare effects of an environmental tax reform. Three different alternatives are analysed; competitive labour market, immobility and wage rigidity, and wage formation through union wage bargaining. The welfare effects differ substantially between the alternatives, depending especially on the total tax wedge on labour.
Keywords: Dynamic equilibrium analysis, Imperfect labour markets, Environmental tax reform
Environmental Tax Reform and Producer Foresight: An Intertemporal Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
No full text
A Dynamic Equilibrium Analysis of a Carbon Tax
No full textThis paper analyses the effects of a carbon tax on a small open petroleum producing economy, using an aggregate intertemporal general equilibrium model with differentiated products. The long run effects on welfare and capital accumulation of both a unilateral and an international carbon tax are emphasised. It is shown that the steady state welfare effect of a carbon tax can be positive or negative, depending on substitution effects which create efficiency losses, and income effects from changes in terms of trade. The presence of an initial tax wedge implies that there is an ambiguous relationship between the tax level and steady state welfare. With an international carbon tax the terms of trade gain is smaller and the petroleum revenue is reduced compared to a unilateral carbon tax, implying that for a petroleum producing economy an international carbon tax may be less beneficial than a unilateral carbon tax
- …
