1,720,957 research outputs found
The decline of the New Democratic Party, the politics of postmaterialism or neo-liberalism?
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University of TorontoThe New Democratic Party (NDP), Canada's social democratic party, suffered a precipitate decline during the 1990s. They received an average of almost 20% of the vote during the 1980s, but gained only 7% in the vote in 1993 and 11% in 1997. This dissertation considers Inglehart's postmaterialist thesis and Lipset's declining-significance-of-class thesis as possible explanations for the NDP's decline. Lipset focuses on the decline of materialist politics whereas Inglehart focuses on the rise of a new postmaterialist politics, however both scholars argue that due to a prolonged period of peace and prosperity in the postwar years, a growing share of the population have their material needs met. In the political realm, this segment of the population has turned its attention toward postmaterialist issues such as support for the environment, minority rights, and other quality-of-life issues. The postmaterialist thesis implies that the NDP has suffered because they remain wedded to a materialist politics. However, using data from the Canadian Election Studies (1984-1997), I found that postmaterialist issues have had a modest impact in shaping people's ideological outlooks. In addition, postmaterialist issues have played a minor role in structuring recent federal elections. I trace the NDP's decline to the shift in the balance of power in Canada toward the corporate class at the expense of organized labour and "working people". The neo-liberal ideology which champions the free market and legitimizes stark social inequalities, has become hegemonic in the past decade. This ideology portrays the NDP, which maintains that the state should play a key role in the redistribution of wealth, as passé and out of touch with the realities of the global economy. As a result of these economic and ideological shifts the NDP is increasingly disadvantaged in mustering resources with which to contest elections.Ph.D
The decline of the New Democratic Party, the politics of postmaterialism or neo-liberalism?
No full textgrantor:
University of TorontoThe New Democratic Party (NDP), Canada's social democratic party, suffered a precipitate decline during the 1990s. They received an average of almost 20% of the vote during the 1980s, but gained only 7% in the vote in 1993 and 11% in 1997. This dissertation considers Inglehart's postmaterialist thesis and Lipset's declining-significance-of-class thesis as possible explanations for the NDP's decline. Lipset focuses on the decline of materialist politics whereas Inglehart focuses on the rise of a new postmaterialist politics, however both scholars argue that due to a prolonged period of peace and prosperity in the postwar years, a growing share of the population have their material needs met. In the political realm, this segment of the population has turned its attention toward postmaterialist issues such as support for the environment, minority rights, and other quality-of-life issues. The postmaterialist thesis implies that the NDP has suffered because they remain wedded to a materialist politics. However, using data from the Canadian Election Studies (1984-1997), I found that postmaterialist issues have had a modest impact in shaping people's ideological outlooks. In addition, postmaterialist issues have played a minor role in structuring recent federal elections. I trace the NDP's decline to the shift in the balance of power in Canada toward the corporate class at the expense of organized labour and "working people". The neo-liberal ideology which champions the free market and legitimizes stark social inequalities, has become hegemonic in the past decade. This ideology portrays the NDP, which maintains that the state should play a key role in the redistribution of wealth, as passé and out of touch with the realities of the global economy. As a result of these economic and ideological shifts the NDP is increasingly disadvantaged in mustering resources with which to contest elections.Ph.D
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Faculty Associations Confront Accountability Governance in Ontario Universities
Full text linkMuch literature focusing on the academy is concerned with the spread of neo-liberalism into the university sector. We argue that universities in Canada are operating in an era of “accountability governance,” with ideologies, discourses, and practices centred on quality, accountability, and efficiency. We explore the interplay between accountability governance as a regime of power and the work of faculty associations, especially as they strive to preserve faculty members’ professional autonomy and control over their academic work. Using in-depth qualitative interviews with executive members of several Ontario university faculty associations, we explore themes of neo-liberalization and corporatization of the university, shrinking faculty budgets, program reviews, and strategic mandates. While opportunities for action and resistance for faculty unions arise, particularly at the level of senate, more militancy and radicalism are not favoured by many members, as political action is often seen as “unprofessional.”De nombreuses recherches sur l’université étudient la propagation du néo-libéralisme dans le milieu universitaire en général. Nous soutenons que les universités canadiennes opèrent sous un régime de « gestion responsable » avec des idéologies, des discours et des pratiques centrés sur la qualité, l’imputabilité et l’efficacité et nous analysons les effets des régimes de gestion actuels sur le corps professoral universitaire ontarien et sur les façons dont leurs syndicats résistent à l’empiétement de leur autonomie professionnelle. À partir d’entrevues qualitatives avec des dirigeants de plusieurs associations de professeurs universitaires ontariens, nous explorons les thèmes de la néo-libéralisation et de la corporatisation de l’université, de la réduction des budgets, des révisions de programme et des mandats stratégiques. Alors que des possibilités d’actions et de résistance, particulièrement au Sénat, se présentent aux syndicats, plusieurs membres ne sont pas favorables à une augmentation du militantisme et du radicalisme, considérant souvent l’action politique comme « non professionnelle »
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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