1,720,966 research outputs found
Study Of Palm Oil Residue Potential For Electricity Generation In South Sumatra Indonesia
No full textThis study was aimed to asses technical and economic potential of palm oil residue in south Sumatra taking into account availability, present usage, cost involved and other issues to review the state of art of palm oil residue conversion technology and identify suitable technologies for using in South Sumatra and to identify possible biomass electricity generation and carry techno-economical and environmental analysis of the system. The results show that the potential energy that can be extracted from oil palm solid residue in South Sumatera province taking the efficiency of biomass power generation is about 4.4 PJ/year.It can generate electricity up to 308 GWh/year. The waste water generated was about 1 Million meter cube POME/year. This POME can produce 11,058 m3 methane which is equivalent to 0.4 PJ/year and generate electricity as much as 150 GWh /year.Based on the scenario have been analyzed using GIS software shows that the potential area for 15 MW independent power plant constructions have been identified taking into account availability of feedstock and the maximum allowable distances. Analysis of the financial viability of the projects evaluated using RETScreen. The results for independent power plant showed that the project IRR is lower than the discount rate. However, with the implementation of CER for CDM, the project financialanalysis becomes viable. Moreover, other advantages that can be obtained from these projects are the reduction of GHG emission. Overall, the study clearly indicates the high potential for the generation and use of palm oil residue in South Sumatra.Keywords: Palm Oil residue, power plant, CHP, methane capture, RETScreen, GIS Softwar
Pyrolysis of Vacuum Residue By Thermal and Catalytic Cracking Using Active Alumina Catalyst
Full text linkVacuum Residue as feedstock derived from Pertamina Refinery Unit III was cracked in a fixed batch reactor under thermal and catalytic with single stage pyrolysis process using active alumina oxide (Al2O3) as a catalyst. The catalytic pyrolysis process carried out at a temperature 450°C in the presence of a varied catalyst to feed ratio 0.5-2.5 w/w% and varied of reaction times 5-30 minutes. While the thermal process performed under same operating conditions without presence the catalyst. The effect of alumina catalyst ratio on quantity and quality of yield product, the effect of operating conditions (reaction times) on yield distribution has been investigated. As a result, the cracked products are liquid, gas and coke residue. The yield of liquid products was dominant, the highest catalyst ratio showed the highest yield of the liquid product reached 63.1 wt% and the lowest yield of coke residue by 24.75 wt%. The highest yield of gas by 23.9 wt% was found at minimum catalyst used by 0.5 wt
Disosiasi H2S dalam Gas Alam pada Temperatur Ruang Menggunakan Katalisator MgO: Pengaruh Jumlah Katalis dan Laju Alir Massa
Full text linkThe presence of H2S in natural gas is very detrimental to ammonia industry because it can poison and deactivate steam reforming catalysts. In the ammonia plant Pusri-IB PT. Pusri Palembang, H2S was separated in the Desulfurizer Unit (201-D) by adsorption using ZnO adsorbent at low temperature (28 ° C). Unfortunately, in this process the ZnO adsorbent cannot be regenerated so that within one year the ZnO adsorbent will be saturated with sulfur. The alternative process of H2S separation is to dissociate H2S into its constituent elements (hydrogen and sulfur) with catalytic process. The magnesium oxide catalyst was chosen because magnesium oxide is a metal oxide compound widely known in the catalysis process and has two active sites. The highest H2S conversion that can be achieved by MgO catalyst is 92.29%. Unlike ZnO, MgO does not absorb H2S, but catalyzes the dissociation of H2S into hydrogen and solid sulfur without being changed consumed by the reaction itself so that the MgO catalyst has a longer life time than the ZnO adsorbent.A B S T R A KKandungan H2S dalam gas alam sangat merugikan bagi industri amoniak karena dapat meracuni dan mendeaktivasi katalis steam reforming. Di pabrik amoniak Pusri-IB PT. Pusri Palembang, H2S dipisahkan di Unit Desulfurizer (201-D) secara adsorpsi dengan menggunakan adsorben ZnO pada temperatur rendah (28 ° C). Namun sangat disayangkan, pada proses ini adsorben ZnO tidak dapat diregenerasi sehingga dalam kurun waktu satu tahun adsorben ZnO akan jenuh oleh sulfur. Salah satu alternatif proses pemisahan H2S adalah dengan mendisosiasi H2S menjadi unsur penyusunnya yaitu hidrogen dan sulfur dengan bantuan katalis. Katalis magnesium oksida dipilih karena magnesium oksida merupakan senyawa metal oksida yang penggunaannya sudah dikenal luas dalam proses katalisis serta memiliki dua gugus aktif. Konversi H2S tertinggi yang dapat dicapai katalis MgO adalah sebesar 92,29%. Berbeda halnya dengan ZnO, MgO tidak menyerap H2S, namun mengkatalisis proses disosiasi H2S menjadi hidrogen dan sulfur padat tanpa mengalami perubahan atau terkonsumsi oleh reaksi itu sendiri sehingga katalis MgO memiliki life time yang lebih lama dibanding adsorben ZnO.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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