700 research outputs found
Wnt signaling recruits KIF2A to the spindle to ensure chromosome congression and alignment during mitosis
No full textCanonical Wnt signaling plays critical roles in development and tissue renewal by regulating β-catenin target genes. Recent evidence showed that β-catenin–independent Wnt signaling is also required for faithful execution of mitosis. However, the targets and specific functions of mitotic Wnt signaling still remain uncharacterized. Using phosphoproteomics, we identified that Wnt signaling regulates the microtubule depolymerase KIF2A during mitosis. We found that Dishevelled recruits KIF2A via its N-terminal and motor domains, which is further promoted upon LRP6 signalosome formation during cell division. We show that Wnt signaling modulates KIF2A interaction with PLK1, which is critical for KIF2A localization at the spindle. Accordingly, inhibition of basal Wnt signaling leads to chromosome misalignment in somatic cells and pluripotent stem cells. We propose that Wnt signaling monitors KIF2A activity at the spindle poles during mitosis to ensure timely chromosome alignment. Our findings highlight a function of Wnt signaling during cell division, which could have important implications for genome maintenance, notably in stem cells.Canonical Wnt signaling plays critical roles in development and tissue renewal by regulating β-catenin target genes. Recent evidence showed that β-catenin–independent Wnt signaling is also required for faithful execution of mitosis. However, the targets and specific functions of mitotic Wnt signaling still remain uncharacterized. Using phosphoproteomics, we identified that Wnt signaling regulates the microtubule depolymerase KIF2A during mitosis. We found that Dishevelled recruits KIF2A via its N-terminal and motor domains, which is further promoted upon LRP6 signalosome formation during cell division. We show that Wnt signaling modulates KIF2A interaction with PLK1, which is critical for KIF2A localization at the spindle. Accordingly, inhibition of basal Wnt signaling leads to chromosome misalignment in somatic cells and pluripotent stem cells. We propose that Wnt signaling monitors KIF2A activity at the spindle poles during mitosis to ensure timely chromosome alignment. Our findings highlight a function of Wnt signaling during cell division, which could have important implications for genome maintenance, notably in stem cells
Institutionalizing ASEAN: celebrating Europe through network governance
No full textThis article provides a new piece for two of the puzzles of institutionalized cooperation in Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). First, with regard to the organization's four decades of existence, there has always been a marked gap between ASEAN's rhetorical goals of cooperation and its actual achievements. What explains these systematic failures of implementation? Second, from the outset, ASEAN was criticized for its light institutionalization, which failed to deliver the substantial cooperation goals. Despite selected institutional reforms, ASEAN's autonomy has not increased remarkably and it has not made any major institutional innovations. Why does ASEAN design institutions it does not use? Why does this transformation gap occur? The author suggests a sociological institutional explanation and argues that major impulses for cooperation have come from outside Southeast Asia, most importantly from Europe. By mimicking the European integration process, ASEAN member states have effectively created an isomorphic organization. The Association's institutional development reflects a concern for international legitimacy and less an objective functional demand arising from the specific interactions of member states. This copying process has led to network governance within the organization
The Vietnamese Theatrical Tradition in the Plot of Monsun, by Anja Hillin
No full textFrom the dramatic text Monsun by the German author Anja Hilling, this article analyzes the construction of a plot using elements of the Asian theater, in this specific case the Vietnamese tradition, identifying its presence inthe structure beyond the constant references to the context of that country, starting with the title of the play itself and the trip of one of the characters to Vietnam.A partir do texto dramático Monsun, da autora alemã Anja Hilling, este artigo analisa a construção de uma trama que se utiliza de elementos do teatro asiático, neste caso específico a tradição vietnamita, identi cando a sua presença na estrutura, além das men- ções constantes ao contexto daquele país, começando pelo próprio título da peça e pela viagem de uma das personagens ao Vietnam. 
The roles of Wnt signaling during mitosis
No full textWnt signaling is crucial for embryonic patterning, the formation of tissues during development, and tissue maintenance in the adult organism. The canonical Wnt pathway induces the transcription of β-catenin target genes, thereby controlling cell cycle progression during G1/S phase, stem cell self-renewal, and stem cell differentiation. However, besides its transcriptional roles, it emerged that Wnt signaling also takes post-translational functions during mitosis. Accordingly, a misregulation of the pathway causes severe mitotic defects, such as chromosome misalignments and chromosome segregation errors, which can ultimately lead to aneuploidy.
In this work, I aimed to identify targets of Wnt signaling, which safeguard the correct progression through mitosis, and characterize the underlying molecular mechanisms to explain the emergence of mitotic defects upon Wnt disturbance.
First, I revealed that the mitotic kinesin KIF2A is recruited by the Wnt component DVL. DVL localizes KIF2A to the mitotic spindle poles, where it regulates microtubule minus-end dynamics to ensure chromosome alignment before anaphase, both in somatic cells and pluripotent stem cells. This process is supported by the phosphorylation of KIF2A at serine 100 and the interaction with PLK1, which is positively regulated by active Wnt signaling and LRP6 signalosome formation.
Second, I verified an S phase-dependent mechanism of Wnt signaling, ensuring the equal segregation of chromosomes in pluripotent stem cells during anaphase. At this, I hypothesize that Wnt signaling contributes to the error-free replication of DNA in S phase, which mediates microtubule plus-end assembly in mitosis, and thereby facilitates faithful chromosome segregation.
The validation of both mechanisms in pluripotent stem cells emphasizes their relevance for the understanding of developmental defects, tissue degeneration, and cancer progression, which is often characterized by chromosomal instability. Besides, KIF2A was recruited by DVL also in interphase, indicating that the Wnt-mediated regulation of KIF2A may contribute to processes beyond mitosis, namely ciliogenesis and neurogenesis.
Taken together, in my work, I revealed two novel Wnt-dependent mechanisms, which function directly in mitosis or through S phase to control microtubule minus- or plus-end dynamics respectively, ensuring the faithful progression through mitosis, preservation of euploidy, and possibly further post-mitotic processes
Discussing Anja Štefan`s fairytales in the first year of primary school
No full textFairytales are an indispensable part in children's lives. They stimulate the development of imagination, fantasy; they help to enrich children’s vocabulary and with expressing feelings. There are different types of fairytales and it is very important that children get to know the variety of them. I firstly presented a youth author Anja Štefan and her literary works in my diploma paper. Later on I continued with the presentation of youth literature and I defined the theory of a fairytale, wrote about the origin, its meaning and classification of fairytales which I have also described in greater detail. I stated and described authorial prose work of Anja Štefan: picture book Lešniki, lešniki and classic fairytales Kotiček na koncu sveta, Melje, melje mlinček and Štiri črne mravljice, which can be defined as animal fairytales. I was interested in the receptive development of children in the period of intuitive intelligence, which I thoroughly described. In the empirical part of my diploma I wrote lesson plans for discussing and teaching three Anja Štefan’s animal fairytales in the first grade of primary school. 25 children took part in the research. I found out that pupils distinguish between real and unreal life (imaginative life), they are capable of identifying themselves with a literary person and they perceive animals as literary persons and they identify themselves with them
Correction to: Predicting the effectiveness of protected areas of Natura 2000 under climate change
No full textIn the original publication of this article (Nila & Hossain, 2019), co-authors ‘Carl Beierkuhnlein, Anja Jaeschke and Samuel Hoffmann’ need to be added to the author list
The establishment history panel 1975-2006 : handbook Version 2.0.1
No full text"The Establishment History Panel (BHP) for 1975 to 2006 includes all of the establishments throughout Germany which have at least one employee liable to social security as of the 30th of June of a given year or which have also had at least one marginal part-time employee as of 1999. For establishments in West Germany the observation period is the period 1975 to 2006 and for establishments in East Germany 1991 to 2006. The data source for the BHP is the Employee and Benefit Recipient History (BLH) of the IAB. The data on individuals contained in the BLH are aggregated to establishment level using the establishment numbers. The BHP covers between 1.3 and 2.7 million establishments per year. The individual annual waves can be linked to a panel dataset via the identifier 'artificial establishment number', which can be found in the dataset. This data report describes the variables of the weakly anonymous version of the 1975-2006 BHP basic dataset, which is available to researchers for on-site use at the Research Data Centre (FDZ) or for remote data access also. These BHP data are predominantly original data, with the sole exception that the original establishment numbers, which are direct identifiers for the different establishments, were replaced by artificial establishment numbers. The sensitive characteristics contained in the dataset, i.e. German Classification of Economic Activities 93 as 5- digit codes, German Classification of Economic Activities 03 as 5-digit codes, and Place of Work (District), are made available in the original on request and in well-founded cases only; all other users are given these variables in their aggregate forms only (as 3-digit codes or according to German States). This report will begin with a brief description of the sources used for the BHP, as well as the generation and processing of the BHP, followed by individual detailed explanations on the variables of the BHP 1975-2006. This data report contains no frequency tables for the individual variables. These are given in a separate text file that can be found on the FDZ homepage. To begin with, a brief overview of the changes to the BHP 1975-2006 in relation to the previous version from 1975-2005 is provided. This will help users of this version come to terms with the new version." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) Additional Information Here you find frequency tables for the individual variables. Here you can find the German version.IAB-Betriebs-Historik-Panel, IAB-Beschäftigtenhistorik, IAB-Leistungsempfängerhistorik, Datenaufbereitung, Forschungsdatenzentrum, Arbeitsmarktforschung, Datenorganisation, Betrieb, Wirtschaftszweige, regionale Verteilung, Unternehmensgründung, Betriebsstilllegung, Beschäftigtenstruktur, sozialversicherungspflichtige Arbeitnehmer, erwerbstätige Frauen, Inländer, Ungelernte, Qualifikationsniveau, Bildungsabschluss, Schulbildung, Berufsausbildung, Studienabschluss, Fachhochschule, Hochschule, Vollzeitarbeit, Stellung im Beruf, Auszubildende, nicht formal Qualifizierte, Facharbeiter, Polier, Meister, Angestellte, Teilzeitarbeitnehmer, Heimarbeitnehmer, geringfügige Beschäftigung, Altersstruktur, Lohnstruktur, Lohnhöhe, Vollzeitarbeit, Nationalität, Jugoslawe, Osteuropäer, Pole, Spanier, Portugiese, Türke, Beschäftigtenstatistik
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