21,685 research outputs found
Regulatory considerations for the clinical and research use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): Review and recommendations from an expert panel
No full textBackground: Transcranial direct current stimulation has shown promising clinical results, leading to increased demand for an evidence-based review on its clinical effects.
Objective: We convened a team of transcranial direct current stimulation experts to conduct a systematic review of clinical trials with more than 1 session of stimulation testing: pain, Parkinson’s disease motor function and cognition, stroke motor function and language, epilepsy, major depressive disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, Tourette syndrome, schizophrenia, and drug addiction.
Methods: Experts were asked to conduct this systematic review according to the search methodology from PRISMA guidelines. Recommendations on efficacy were categorized into Levels A (definitely effective), B (probably effective), C (possibly effective), or no recommendation. We assessed risk of bias for all included studies to confirm whether results were driven by potentially biased studies.
Results: Although most of the clinical trials have been designed as proof-of-concept trials, some of the indications analyzed in this review can be considered as definitely effective (Level A), such as depression, and probably effective (Level B), such as neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, migraine, post-operative patient-controlled analgesia and pain, Parkinson’s disease (motor and cognition), stroke (motor), epilepsy, schizophrenia, and alcohol addiction. Assessment of bias showed that most of the studies had low risk of biases, and sensitivity analysis for bias did not change these results. Effect sizes vary from 0.01 to 0.70 and were significant in about 8 conditions, with the largest effect size being in postoperative acute pain and smaller in stroke motor recovery (nonsignificant when combined with robotic therapy).
Conclusion: All recommendations listed here are based on current published PubMed-indexed data. Despite high levels of evidence in some conditions, it must be underscored that effect sizes and duration of effects are often limited; thus, real clinical impact needs to be further determined with different study designs
Transcranial direct current stimulation in neuropsychiatric disorders: Clinical principles and management: Second edition
No full textThe 2nd edition of this book incorporates the tremendous clinical advances that have occurred in the field of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the past 5 years. Since the 1st edition was published, the clinical use of tDCS has moved from its infancy, and is now in a thrilling new phase with numerous possibilities as well as challenges. tDCS is a technique that excels in terms of safety and tolerability, and within a few years, novel technological developments will allow its use at home. At the same time, large, phase III trials have been exploring the clinical efficacy of tDCS, the results of which have been published in leading journals such as the New England Journal of Medicine and JAMA Psychiatry. This 2nd edition summarizes the state of the art of the field. Written by leading experts in the field, the book is divided into 5 parts: Introduction and Mechanisms of Action; Research Methods; tDCS in the life cycle; Applications of tDCS in neuropsychiatric disorders (further divided into Psychiatry and Neurology); and The clinical use of tDCS. It also includes several new chapters, covering topics such as precision stimulation of tDCS; combination of tDCS with different neuroimaging modalities; and use of tDCS in new clinical conditions. Moreover, all chapters have been rewritten and updated. This book will be of significant interest to psychiatrists, neurologists and neuroscientists new to the field as well as those with a background in tDCS who want to increase their understanding of particular psychiatric conditions
Ittijahat Abi Dhu'ayb Al-Hudhali fi Qasidatihi Ar-Ritsa’
No full textThis article aims to know Ittijahat of Abu Dhu’ayb Al-Hudhali in his poem of Ritsa’. Ittijahat in this study is a description of the poet's tendency to divide Ar-Ritsa', namely Nadb and Ta'ziyah. Ar-Ritsa 'is one of the various forms of Arabic poetry. To analyze the discussion problem, the author uses descriptive analysis method, because this method is very appropriate to find out the picture and state of a thing by describing it in as much detail as possible based on the facts found in the data in question. The results obtained are: In the beginning of the poem, he tends to mourn (Nadb) their five children. He describes in it that he does not stop crying and has trouble sleeping until he becomes weak emaciated due to the intensity of the grief, pain and worries that dominated in his pysche. As for the middle of the poem to the end, the poet turns to the consolation (Ta’ziyah) of his children’s death, as he reflects on the reality of life and death, the poet declares that death is inevitable for every human being that he must accept it and let it go, which the poet portrayed in the exciting narrative style. The story is divided into three stories: the zebra, the bull of the beast, and the two knights.</jats:p
Roles of 1,3-di(benzo[d]oxazol-5-yl)urea, an urea derivative, in carob and pine cuttings: adventitious rooting versus xylogenesis
No full textAdventitious root (AR) formation is often a limiting step for vegetative plant propagation, specially forwoody species of economic value. There are evidences showing that adventitious rooting andxylogenesis, both auxin-mediated programs, may compete in different plant experimental systems, and the prevalence of xylogenesis vs rhizogenesis may negatively influence the results of a rooting protocol. Previous results demonstrate that two synthetic urea derivatives, named 1,3-di(benzo[d]oxazol-5-yl)urea (5-BDPU) and 1,3-di(benzo[d]oxazol-6-yl)urea (6-BDPU), combined with the auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), enhance AR formation in cuttings of different woody species, e.g. Malus pumila (1) and Pinus radiata (pine; 2). Present research is the first attempt to utilize these two unusual chemicals for improving adventitious rooting in stem cuttings of Ceratonia siliqua L. (carob), a woody angiosperm of high
environmental and commercial value (3), but with rooting recalcitrance. Another aim was to identify morphogenic roles of the most effective urea compound in common between carob and pine, to verify the persistence of the same actions in distant species. To the aims, firstly, different protocols were applied in carob, varying the time of chemicals application/dark exposition, in the presence/absence of different IBA concentrations, in order to stimulate AR formation. The results showed that 5-BDPU (10 μM), combined with IBA (1 μM), highly enhanced rooting in carob cuttings in comparison with IBA alone, better than 6-BDPU (10 μM), further reducing callus formation in comparison with IBA alone. Neither of the two urea
derivatives showed rooting inductive ability per se, confirming previous results in pine (2) and that IBA was the central factor for AR induction in both species. However, the histological analyses on carob cuttings revealed a new morphogenic role for 5-BDPU, i.e., when used alone the compound favoured xylogenesis from the cambial cells, which were instead able to initiate the adventitious rooting process when also IBA was present. The histological analyses in pine hypocotyl cuttings confirmed that 5-BDPU alone (at the same concentration used in carob) favoured xylogenesis, starting from the AR-competent cells, which in this species were those bordering the resin ducts. In conclusion, in two distantly related species, this urea
derivative exhibits a dual morphogenic role, being involved in the switching between rhizogenesis and xylogenesis depending on the presence/absence of exogenous auxin input. The results open the way for understanding xylogenesis as an alternative program inhibiting AR formation and successful micropropagation.
1) A. Ricci, M. Incerti, E. Rolli, P. Vicini, G. Morini, M. Comini, C. Branca (2006) Plant Growth Regul., 50, 201-209
2) F. Brunoni, E. Rolli, L. Dramis, M. Incerti, D. Abarca, A. Pizarro, C. Díaz-Sala, A. Ricci (2014) Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult., 118, 111-124
3) M. Öztürk, Ö. Seҫmen, S. Gucel, S. Sakcali (2012) Acta Hort., 964, 197-20
Program “I’dad Lughowi” dalam Upaya Membekali Kemampuan Bahasa Arab Mahasiswa STIBA Ar-Raayah, Sukabumi
No full textNowdays, Arabic already has its own charm. Apart from the Al-Quran and Hadith as sources of Islamic Shari'a which are imported from the original source in Arabic, the emergence of scientific disciplines linked to Shari'a adds to the public's attraction and interest in studying Shari'a directly from its Arabic sources. Arabic language learning is starting to emerge with various strategies and methods applied. Some are successful and others need review. In this article, the author wants to examine Arabic language learning in the STIBA Ar-Raayah i'dad lughowi program which is considered successful because it has produced many regional, national and even international achievements. This article aims to examine the background of students in the STIBA Ar-Raayah i'dad lughowi program, the teaching and learning activities of the i'dad lughowi program at STIBA Ar-Raayah and the examination system implemented in the i'dad lughowi program. This article is a case study at STIBA Ar-Raayah using a descriptive qualitative approach. The results found in this research are (1) the background of students in the STIBA Ar-Raayah i'dad lughowi program who come from various regions and schools, (2) learning using the Arabiyyah book Baina Yadaik by maximizing the direct method and activities outside the classroom, (4) a unique exam system with Al-Qur'an exams, subject exams, syahri exams, nihai exams, as well as a rosib system for students who do not reach the minimum completion criteria. The results and conclusions of this research can be used as a reference for Arabic language educational institutions to make them more effective in the future
1,3-di(benzo[d]oxazol-5-yl)urea acts as either adventitious rooting adjuvant or xylogenesis enhancer in carob and pine microcuttings depending on the presence/absence of exogenous indole-3-butyric acid
No full textCeratonia siliqua L. (carob) is a woody angiosperm of commercial value but, as often it happens with many tree species, its asexual propagation remains difficult because of adventitious rooting recalcitrance. In an attempt to improve the adventitious root (AR) formation in cuttings of this species, previous results obtained in Pinus radiata, a distantly-related woody gymnosperm, have been considered. In particular, adventitious rooting of pine hypocotyl cuttings has been enhanced by two urea derivatives, 1,3-di(benzo[d]oxazol-5-yl)urea (5-BDPU) and 1,3-di(benzo[d]oxazol-6-yl)urea (6-BDPU), combined with the auxin indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (Brunoni et al., 2014, Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 118: 111). This research is the first attempt to utilize these two unusual chemicals, besides the auxin (IBA), to improve adventitious rooting in carob cuttings, with the aims to define their role in AR process and to identify morphogenic roles in carob, but also in pine, even when used alone. To the aims, results in carob were compared histologically with those obtained from the cuttings of pine.
Different protocols were applied in order to enhance adventitious rooting in carob, using different chemicals application/dark exposition times and/or hormones (IBA, kinetin) combinations and concentrations. The results show that 5-BDPU (10 M) highly promoted AR formation in combination with IBA (1 M) when applied for 3 days, followed by a transfer onto hormone free medium (HF) up to culture end (four weeks). IBA was more effective to enhance AR-forming capability of the cuttings when applied alone than when combined with kinetin (Kin, 10 nM), a synthetic adenine derivative with cytokinin-like activity, which is frequently used to induce adventitious rooting in combination with this auxin (e.g., Della Rovere et al., 2013, Ann Bot 112: 1395). Kin alone and 5-BDPU alone were not AR-inductive.
The histological analysis showed that the cambial cells initiated the ARs, and similar numbers of AR primordia were visible at day 12 after different AR-inductive treatments (i.e., IBA alone, IBA plus 5-BDPU, IBA plus Kin). No cutting treated with Kin alone, and rare HF (with or without 5-BDPU)-treated cuttings, showed AR primordia at the same day. The number of explants forming AR-primordia increased under IBA with 5-BDPU. By contrast, the cambial cells were stimulated to initiate deuteroxylem instead of ARs under the treatment with 5-BDPU alone. The histological analysis in pine microcuttings treated with IBA and/or 5-BDPU at the same concentrations confirmed that 5-BDPU applied alone enhanced xylogenesis, highlighting that this urea derivative exhibits a dual morphogenic role in both species, being involved in the switching between adventitious rooting and xylogenesis depending on the presence/absence of exogenous auxin
The Poetry Anthology Ar-Robi fii qalbi by Sofi Ghoniyah: A Sociology of Author Perspective
No full textThis study aims to determine the sociology of the author in the poetry anthology Ar-Robi fii Qalbi by Sofi Ghoniyah based on the perspective of Rene Wellek and Austin Warren. This research focuses on four aspects, namely (1) the social background of the author in the anthology of poetry Ar-Robi fii Qalbi by Sofi Ghoniyah based on the perspective of Rene Wellek and Austin Warren; (2) the author\u27s social integration in the poetry anthology Ar-Robi fii Qalbi by Sofi Ghoniyah based on the perspective of Rene Wellek and Austin Warren; (3) author\u27s economic sources in the poetry anthology Ar-Robi fii Qalbi by Sofi Ghoniyah based on the perspective of Rene Wellek and Austin Warren; (4) professionalism in the authorship of Sofi Ghoniyah\u27s anthology of poetry Ar-Robi fii Qalbi based on the perspective of Rene Wellek and Austin Warren. This type of research is qualitative research. The data source of this research uses an anthology of poetry entitled "Ar-robi fii qalbi" by Sofi Ghoniyah. While the secondary data sources of this research were obtained from reading books or journals discussing the sociological theory of the authors Rene Wellek and Austin Warren. Data collection techniques in this study used interview techniques and note-taking techniques. The data validation technique used in this study is to increase persistence, triangulate data, and discuss with colleagues and experts. Meanwhile, for the data analysis technique, this research uses the Miles and Huberman method, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The researchers produced several data, namely (1) the author of the poetry anthology Ar-Robi fii qalbi is an educated author and has close interactions with her environment. (2) The author of the poetry anthology Ar-Robi fii qalbi has a high degree of integration. He mingles with the general public. (3) The main economic source of the author in Ar-Robi\u27s poetry anthology is not through her work but in her educational activities. As a teacher, her work is often used as learning material for her students. (4) The author of the poetry anthology Ar-Robi fii qalbi has high professionalism in the authorship of her work
Pustakawan Dalam Perspektif Manajer Informasi: Studi Kasus Pada Mahasiswa Jurusan S1 Ilmu Perpustakaan Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Ar-Raniry
No full textThis study aims to find out Librarian in Perspective of Information Manager (Case Study on Library Science Undergraduate Student of Adab and Humanities Faculty of UIN Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh). This research uses quality descriptive approach, an approach that emphasizes more on the deductive and inductive deduc- tion process and on the analysis of the dynamics of relationship between observed phenomena, using scientific logic. The students of Library Science were observed to be 54 people for three months. For this research the author will explain in detail about UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh Main Library in the perspective of information managers for llibrary users especially Library Science students class of 2016 intake. The research results are; Librarians are not yet fully able to become information managers at UIN Ar-Raniry Main Library of Banda Aceh, due the small number of librarians for this size of a college library. Lack of librarian contribution to be- come information manager, in order to be able to fulfill requirement of information for their users, in this case undergraduate student of Library Science. Regarding the perspective that a library must be able to provide all forms of information required has not been done well, especially the information needs fot this such of users in this case Library Science students
Teacher Candidates' opinions about Augmented Reality(AR) as a supplemental educational tool
No full textThis poster was presented by Alam, I., Teacher Candidates' opinions about Augmented Reality(AR) as a supplemental educational tool. Presented at 10th Annual Graduate and Professional Student Conference, held at Memorial Union, Ames, IA, April 6 2022. Posted with permission.In recent years, augmented reality (AR) technology has been widely proposed as innovative technology. AR technology superimposes digitally simulated information on the physical environment, which can be a unique element for learning experiences. Despite the potential of AR, there has been relatively little integration of AR into the
classroom. The purpose of this pilot study is to examine the acceptance and intentional use of AR technology by teacher candidates and their opinions of AR as a supplemental educational tool. The study has utilized a phenomenological design that is comprised of System Usability Scale survey and interview questions. Based on the participants' answers, research data has been analyzed and discussed
Nonlinear stories told by cups and saucers: Smart replic as with response 3D audio
No full textIn museum exhibitions historical objects are usually shown by visual display, in a showcase with extra textual information added to it. Museum visitors can never touch the objects, let alone use them. As a result, visitors ‘scan’ the displayed objects from a distance, something that needs reconsideration in our present time where the ‘experience’ is essential. To provide a way around this situation, the so-called ‘smart replica’ was proposed in the previous issue of Ar[t] (Roozenburg, 2012): a new kind of reproduction, in the shape of a 3D print, that stretches the boundaries of the replica’s concept as an autonomous object based on a historical artefact. New methods of access and new digitization strategies based on the study of the relationship between the ‘bits’ and ‘atoms’ are being developed. We hypothesize that by using these 3D imaging techniques the value of our cultural heritage can be increased. In other words, the goal is not to make the most realistic copy of the original, but to analyse, communicate and enhance those qualities of the historical artefact that are the most meaningful to us, now. Here we present the design project of Lotte de Reus in connection with this paradigm shift. Completed as a graduation project, it presents an auditory environment to augment the artefact in an unobtrusive and non-linear way. The objects that are central in this project are seven teacups and saucers that are part of the collection of Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen. These are currently on display in a new exhibition on design and pre-industrial design. Depicted in figure 1, each of these teacup and saucer sets represents a milestone in the Dutch history of porcelain. Starting with the first import of porcelain from China in the seventeenth century by the Dutch East Indies Company; followed by the invention of Delft’s blue as an attempt to copy Chinese porcelain, and ending with the small scale production of porcelain in the Netherlands.Design EngineeringIndustrial Design Engineerin
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