728 research outputs found
A peer mediation program piloted in the fourth grade at Black Earth Elementary School
Get PDFPlan BDespite concerns about increasing violence by educational officials, parents, and community members, most school programs do not provide students specific educational experiences that facilitate adequate personal and social development. Some schools, nationally, have addressed this need by offering educational programs teaching conflict resolution skills through peer mediation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a peer mediation program piloted in a fourth grade population would encourage students to use conflict resolution skills to resolve disputes peacefully. The model used is called the Peers in Education Addressing Conflict Effectively (PEACE) Program, whose goal is to teach appropriate conflict resolution skills, and decrease hostility in the school environment.
Fifteen mediators, selected by their peers, were taught the PEACE program skills of conflict resolution. These skills include communication, reflective listening, identifying feelings and problem solving. The mediators were trained by the author and another staff member who had been trained in the PEACE Program.
The time frame of the study was from January 1999 to January 2000. Information was gathered through questionnaires given to peer mediators, a questionnaire answered by the fourth grade population and fourth grade teachers, anecdotal records and observations from participating teachers and the school principal. Results of the study did not show a reduction in antisocial behavior or reduced violence in the school. The findings did suggest that the mediators learned the conflict resolution skills, but because of the time schedule, opportunities to practice and use them were limited. Students and teachers did demonstrate positive interest in the program; students wanted to become trained mediators and teachers and administrators supported the concept of peaceful problem-solving. Data collected from the study will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the program, identifying strengths and weaknesses for future program implementations
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
Whose writing is this?
Get PDFDigital media are quite unlike the 'mechanical' reproduction media that figure so often in the literature of cultural and media studies. Both the interaction between author and user through the digital medium, and a number of other intrinsic qualities of many digital media lead to novel interpretations of the concepts of "copy" and "authenticity" in the digital world. Digital media re-introduce some aspects of authenticity that were lost through the use of purely mechanical media. Digital media also lead to new conceptions of authenticity and power, related to shifts of control from author to reader and from publisher to author, and a shift from mechanical reproduction to digital re-production. the paper concludes that digital media rsult in a reduction of commonality and shared reading experiences, and a a re-definition of the concept of authenticity in terms of readership rather than authorship
163: eLife's new peer review model
No full textDan and James discuss eLife's new peer review model, in which they no longer make accept/reject decisions at the end of the peer-review process. Instead, papers invited for peer review will receive an assessment from eLife and the peer reviews will be shared on eLife's website. It's up to author if they would like revise their manuscript or publish their paper as the version of record
Sunitinib treatment exacerbates intratumoral heterogeneity in metastatic renal cancer
No full textThis work was supported by the Chief Scientist Office, Scotland (ETM37; to G.D. Stewart, A.C.P. Riddick, M. Aitchison, and D.J. Harrison), Cancer Research UK (Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre; to T. Powles, London and D.J. Harrison, Edinburgh), Medical Research Council (to A. Laird and D.J. Harrison), Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (to A. Laird), Melville Trust (to A. Laird), Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12018/25; to I.M. Overton), Royal Society of Edinburgh Scottish Government Fellowship cofunded by Marie Curie Actions (to I.M. Overton), Renal Cancer Research Fund (to G.D. Stewart), Kidney Cancer Scotland (to G.D. Stewart) and an educational grant from Pfizer (to T. Powles).Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of VEGF targeted therapy (sunitinib) on molecular intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) in metastatic clear cell renal cancer (mccRCC). Experimental design: Multiple tumor samples (n=187 samples) were taken from the primary renal tumors of mccRCC patients who were sunitinib treated (n=23, SuMR clinical trial) or untreated (n=23, SCOTRRCC study). ITH of pathological grade, DNA (aCGH), mRNA (Illumina Beadarray) and candidate proteins (reverse phase protein array) were evaluated using unsupervised and supervised analyses (driver mutations, hypoxia and stromal related genes). ITH was analysed using intratumoral protein variance distributions and distribution of individual patient aCGH and gene expression clustering. Results: Tumor grade heterogeneity was greater in treated compared to untreated tumors (P=0.002). In unsupervised analysis, sunitinib therapy was not associated with increased ITH in DNA or mRNA. However, there was an increase in ITH for the driver mutation gene signature (DNA and mRNA) as well as increasing variability of protein expression with treatment (p<0.05). Despite this variability, significant chromosomal and transcript changes to key targets of sunitinib, such as VHL, PBRM1 and CAIX, occurred in the treated samples. Conclusions: These findings suggest that sunitinib treatment has significant effects on the expression and ITH of key tumor and treatment specific genes/proteins in mccRCC. The results, based on primary tumor analysis, do not support the hypothesis that resistant clones are selected and predominate following targeted therapy.Peer reviewe
162: Status bias in peer review
No full textWe chat about a recent preprint describing an experiment on the role of author status in peer-review, dodgy conference proceedings journals, and authorships for sal
Recommendations for accelerating open preprint peer review to improve the culture of science
No full textAUPeer: Plea reviewsecoisnfianrmthimportant atallheadi part nglof evethelsarere scientific presenteprocess, dcorrectbut ly: traditional peer review at journals is coming under increased scrutiny for its inefficiency and lack of transparency. As preprints become more widely used and accepted, they raise the possibility of rethinking the peer-review process. Preprints are enabling new forms of peer review that have the potential to be more thorough, inclusive, and collegial than traditional journal peer review, and to thus fundamentally shift the culture of peer review toward constructive collaboration. In this Consensus View, we make a call to action to stakeholders in the community to accelerate the growing momentum of preprint sharing and provide recommendations to empower researchers to provide open and constructive peer review for preprints.Scholarly Communications and Publishin
Cloud My Task - A Peer-to-Peer Distributed Python Script Execution Service
No full textThe contributions of the 4th author are mostly of a software engineering and algorithmic advisory nature (some of them based on his experience as a participant and as a member of the scientific committee of multiple algorithmic contests - some examples of algorithmic contest tasks and solutions, both official ones and written by the 4th author, can be found in the attached ZIP archive).International audienceIn this paper we present "Cloud My Task", a distributed Python script execution service. The service can receive Python scripts from the clients and execute them on its instances, according to their load. The service is fault-tolerant : the failure of any single instance will not disrupt the service availability. The instances are connected with each other in a peer-to-peer tree-like topology. Experimental results show that the service scales well and is able to balance the load across the available service instances
"Who are ""we""?: Social relationships and peer interactions in a multilingual/multicultural preschool classroom"
No full textThis study explores the peer social world of preschool children in a multilingual/multicultural classroom. Using an ethnographic approach, I focus on the following aspects: how do children organize themselves into groups given the boundaries of language and culture; how do children interact with each other across the group boundaries; and how is the construction and the operation of the peer world influenced by the routines and rules planned by the adults? Methods included participant observation, video and audio taping, interviews of adults and children.I found that the children form small groups very early in the year and their relationships are maintained throughout the year. Gender and language/culture are the two major boundaries in the peer grouping structure. With minor changes, the children organized themselves into a Russian boys' group, a Chinese boys' group, a Chinese girls' group, a Pakistani girls' group, and an African girls' group. In addition to these stable groups, some children had difficulty in gaining entry into a group and stayed on the edge throughout the year.I also found that the children protect their interactive space and maintain group boundaries by switching code, pretending to be furious dinosaurs or dogs, labeling another child as the bad guy or the enemy, building walls in the block center, or simply by avoiding or ignoring."Finally, I described how the children interpret and operate the adult-planned routines of name-singing and name-tag-hanging, the limited-number rule, and the social rule of ""everybody has to be friends."" I found that the meanings the children constructed for these routines and rules were quite different from what the adults intended. The children's peer relationships and group boundaries shaped and, at the same time, were shaped by the enactment of these routines or rules.""In the conclusion, issues related to peer relationships are discussed, including the influences of school Discourse, gender segregation, the stable status of the ""edge children,"" and identity socialization. It is suggested that the multilingual/multicultural education should seek a balance between the emphasis on the small group ""We"" and the development of the larger group ""WE."""Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:50:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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How to choose your perfect Biobank Information Management System
No full text<p>In the dynamic landscape of modern biobanking, the efficient and secure management of biological samples and associated data is paramount. As the importance of biobanks in advancing scientific research, personalized medicine, and drug development continues to grow, selecting the right Biobank Information Management System (BIMS) becomes a critical decision. A well-suited BIMS can streamline operations, ensure data integrity, and enable seamless collaboration across research teams. In this guide, we will explore the essential considerations and best practices for choosing the perfect Biobank Information Management System to meet the unique needs and goals of your biobank.</p><p>Modern Biobank Information Management Systems (BIMS) are designed to efficiently manage the entire life cycle of biological samples and their associated data. They play a crucial role in improving biobank operations by standardizing data collection, optimizing sample information, and ensuring compliance with rigorous standards and regulations. These systems represent a significant shift from traditional Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) that focused solely on specimen and freezer management. Instead, BIMS is more patient-centric, capable of handling complex tasks such as managing patient clinical information, consent records, analytical results, batch work, and seamless integration with robotics and medical software. This evolution empowers biobanks to navigate the intricate landscape of biological sample management while enhancing data integrity, research efficiency, and the potential for groundbreaking discoveries.</p>
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