131,631 research outputs found
The Chemistry of Western Australian Plants. IV. Duboisia hopwoodii
No full textExamination of a large number of samples
of Duboisia hopwoodii has confirmed the findings of Bottomley, Nottle, and
White (1946). The methods used for the estimation of nicotine and nornicotine
are described and the results summarized. These could not be correlated with
locality, season, or soil type, and examination of fresh leaves showed that the
alkaloid content is considerably reduced on drying. ��
Samples of nicotine and nornicotine have
been prepared and ursolic acid and a quercetin glycoside have been isolated
from D. hopwoodii leaves.
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Supplemental Material - Measuring Grief in the Context of Traumatic Loss: A Systematic Review of Assessment Instruments
No full textSupplemental Material for Measuring Grief in the Context of Traumatic Loss: A Systematic Review of Assessment Instruments by Naomi Ennis, Jamison Bottomley, Jessica Sawyer, Angela D. Moreland, and Alyssa A. Rheingold in Trauma, Violence, & Abuse</p
Additional remarks related with the discussion inaugurated by the article "Incompatibility of the Shuttleworth equation with Hermann's mathematical structure of thermodynamics" by D. J. Bottomley et al. [Surf. Sci. 603 (2009) 97]
No full textJan Christer Eriksson and Anatoly I. Rusanov critically analyze a paper titled 'Incompatibility of the Shuttleworth equation with Hermann's mathematical structure of thermodynamics' by D. J. Bottomley and co-researchers. According to him, the problem of double counting that Bottomley and co-researchers supposed to be due to involving pairs of terms of the kind xdy + ydx, is not a true research issue but rather a pedagogical one. Within the formal scheme adopted by Gibbs, this problem is properly dealt with by means of a Gibbs Duhem condition. The critics underline that the incompatibility with the mathematical structure of thermodynamics erroneously claimed by Bottomley and co-researchers would apply not just to solid but to liquid interfaces as well, thus invalidating even the firmly rooted Gibbs surface tension equation.</p
Supplemental Material - Measuring Grief in the Context of Traumatic Loss: A Systematic Review of Assessment Instruments
No full textSupplemental Material for Measuring Grief in the Context of Traumatic Loss: A Systematic Review of Assessment Instruments by Naomi Ennis, Jamison Bottomley, Jessica Sawyer, Angela D. Moreland, and Alyssa A. Rheingold in Trauma, Violence, & Abuse</p
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Assessment of solid/liquid equilibria in the (U, Zr)O2+y system
No full textSolid/liquid equilibria in the system UO2eZrO2 are revisited in this work by laser heating coupled with
fast optical thermometry. Phase transition points newly measured under inert gas are in fair agreement
with the early measurements performed by Wisnyi et al., in 1957, the only study available in the literature
on the whole pseudo-binary system. In addition, a minimum melting point is identified here for
compositions near (U0.6Zr0.4)O2þy, around 2800 K. The solidus line is rather flat on a broad range of
compositions around the minimum. It increases for compositions closer to the pure end members, up to
the melting point of pure UO2 (3130 K) on one side and pure ZrO2 (2970 K) on the other. Solid state phase
transitions (cubic-tetragonal-monoclinic) have also been observed in the ZrO2-rich compositions X-ray
diffraction. Investigations under 0.3 MPa air (0.063 MPa O2) revealed a significant decrease in the melting
points down to 2500 Ke2600 K for increasing uranium content (x(UO2)> 0.2). This was found to be
related to further oxidation of uranium dioxide, confirmed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. For
example, a typical oxidised corium composition U0.6Zr0.4O2.13 was observed to solidify at a temperature
as low as 2493 K.
The current results are important for assessing the thermal stability of the system fuel e cladding in an
oxide based nuclear reactor, and for simulating the system behaviour during a hypothetical severe
accident
Simulation of the Melting Behavior of the UO2-Zircaloy Fuel Cladding System by Laser Heating
No full textThe current research focuses on laser melting and successive analysis of laboratory-scale uranium dioxide nuclear fuel samples in direct contact with Zircaloy-4 cladding. The goal was to characterize the melted and refrozen interfaces, in particular, observing local changes of the melting point and interdiffusion of fuel and cladding materials under inert gas (Ar), in the presence of hydrogen (Ar + 6% H2) or in air. Results obtained by laser heating UO2 pellets clad in a Zircaloy ring were interpreted in light of reference tests performed on pellets in which UO2 and zirconium were blended in a series of given compositions. The sample composition was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to verify the occurrence of diffusion and segregation phenomena during the laser-heating cycles. Laser-melting experiments were performed on pellets of uranium dioxide clad in Zircaloy-4 rings to simulate the configuration of a light water reactor fuel rod. Under inert gas, the material interdiffusion resulted in consistent melting point depression (of up to 200 K below the melting point of pure UO2) at the interface between the fuel and the cladding. Experiments carried out in the presence of H2 displayed a more limited effect on the melting temperature, but they resulted in a remarkable embrittlement of the whole structure, with large fragmentation of the Zircaloy cladding. This was probably due to the formation of brittle and highly volatile Zr hydrides. The observed melting point decrease was even more pronounced (up to over 400 K) under air in uranium-rich samples, due to the change in the stoichiometry of UO2 in UO2+x
A soil quality index based on the equilibrium between soil organic matter and biochemical properties of undisturbed coniferous forest soils of the Pacif Northwest.
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